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Synthesis and catalytic performance of bimetallic NiMo-and NiW-ZSM-5/MCM-41 composites for production of liquid biofuels

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燃料化学学报 2017年第7期45卷 805-816页

作者： Maliwan Subsadsana Pitsanuphong Kham-or Pakpoom Sangdara Pirom Suwannasom Chalerm Ruangviriyachai Materials Chemistry Research Center and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceKhon Kaen University

This work presents a synthesis of bimetallic NiMo and NiW modified ZSM-5/MCM-41 composites and their heterogeneous catalytic conversion of crude palm oil( CPO) to biofuels. The ZSM-5/MCM-41 composites were synthesized through a self-assembly of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide( CTAB) surfactant with silica-alumina from ZSM-5 zeolite,prepared from natural kaolin by the hydrothermal technique. Subsequently,the synthesized composites were deposited with bimetallic NiMo and NiW by impregnation method. The obtained catalysts presented a micro-mesoporous structure,confirmed by XRD,SEM,TEM,EDX,NH_3-TPD,XRF and N_2 adsorption-desorption measurements. The results of CPO conversion demonstrate that the catalytic activity of the synthesized catalysts decreases in the series of NiMo-ZSM-5/MCM-41 > NiW-ZSM-5/MCM-41 > Ni-ZSM-5/MCM-41 > Mo-ZSM-5/MCM-41 > W-ZSM-5/MCM-41 > NiMo-ZSM-5 > NiW-ZSM-5 > ZSM-5/MCM-41 > ZSM-5 > MCM-41. It was found that the bimetallic NiMo-and NiW-ZSM-5/MCM-41 catalysts give higher yields of liquid hydrocarbons than other catalysts at a given conversion. Types of hydrocarbon in liquid products,identified by simulated distillation gas chromatography-flame ionization detector( SimDis GC-FID),are gasoline( 150-200 ℃; C5-12),kerosene( 250-300 ℃; C5-20) and diesel( 350 ℃; C7-20).Moreover,the conversion of CPO to biofuel products using the NiMo-and NiW-ZSM-5/MCM-41 catalysts offers no statistically significant difference( P> 0.05) at 95% confidence level,evaluated by SPSS analysis.

关键词： self-assembly of surfactant ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite micro-mesoporous structure hydrocracking process liquid biofuels

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An Arthrobacter strain isolated from desert soils in the region of Shule River (China) can convert cellulose to potential biofuels

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2017年第2期9卷 167-174页

作者： Constantine Uwaremwe ShiWeng Li XiMing Chen Maurice Ngabire Tawheed Mohammed Elheesin Shareef Juan Li MingHui Wu GuoLi Li School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University 88 West Anning Road LanzhouGansu 730070 China Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resource Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China

In this study, an Arthrobacter strain from desert soils in the Shule River Valley was isolated, China, which has a strong ability to convert cellulose to potential biofuel. In total, from five soil sample sites, six strains were isolated that grew well on CMC-Agar medium, with colony diameters ranging from 3~4 mm, among them, one strain had a strong ability to produce biofuels. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, the isolate was identified as Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus strain SLP1. The chemical properties of the biofuel extracted from the fermentation broth of strain SLP1 were analysed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. A total of 41 kinds of carbon compounds were identified, of those,five were detected at peak concentration and the carbon numbers ranged from C16–C22, which can be classified as alkanes,alkenes, and alcohols. Furthermore, biofuel-producing ability of strain SLP1 was enhanced using NTG mutagen. In a total of 94 mutant strains, four show the most enhanced biofuel production relative to the original strain. Biofuel production conditions were optimized by growing the four mutant strains on LB-Agar and SS-Agar medium.

关键词： Arthrobacter cellulose biofuels mutagenesis

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Assessment of Feedstock Options for biofuels Production in Ghana

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2013年第2期3卷 119-128页

作者： Francis Kemausuor Joseph Oppong Akowuah Emmanuel Ofori Department of Agricultural Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

In the wake of climate change and increasing fossil fuel prices, biofuels are becoming attractive to agricultural dependent economies in sub-Saharan Africa and other regions of the world. This study evaluates the energy production potential of biomass resources grown on the available arable agricultural land under two principal scenarios: using 2.5% and 5% of the available arable land for energy crop expansion. Using conservative biofuel yields from crops in the sub-region, a 2.5% of uncultivated arable land dedicated to four traditional crops grown in Ghana namely maize, cassava, sweet sorghum and oil palm could potentially replace 9.3% and 7.2% of transportation fuels by 2020 and 2030 respectively. Using 5% of the uncultivated arable land to cultivate the above four crops and jatropha could potentially produce biofuel to replace 17.3% of transport fuels by 2020 and 13.3% by 2030. In order to enrol such a scheme, government is encouraged to put in place appropriate structures to ensure that, the industry meet international sustainability standards.

关键词： biofuels Feedstock Ghana

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The Production of biofuels in South Africa： Policy and Availability of Energy Crops

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2010年第2期4卷 70-79页

作者： M. Smith N. Kotze C. Cooper Department of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies University of Johannesburg PO Box 524Auckland Park 2006 South Africa

biofuels could contribute, on a worldwide basis, to the attainment of international energy-policy objectives in three ways： by reducing dependence on imported oil; by increasing the availability of renewable energy sources; and by dealing with environmental issues. One such environmental issue is the unsustainable use of agricultural land. There is a need in South Africa there to convert to sustainable and renewable energy resources, such as biofuels, but the production of biofuels will ultimately place pressure on the limited and fragile agricultural resources of the country. This paper sets out firstly to investigate national agricultural policies which could impact on the production of biofuels. It points out that national agricultural policies are hampering the domestic production of biofuels in that the focus is on land reform and increasing the volume of agricultural exports, whereas the provision of food and energy to meet domestic needs features only as a secondary aim. The second objective of this paper is to investigate the possibility of utilising energy crops for biofuel production in South Africa. Annual agricultural production, surplus import and export figures, provide an indication of the capacity of South African farmers to produce crops for biofuel production.

关键词： biofuels energypolicy energy crops resources South Africa

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The impacts of biofuels on food security and supply in China

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Engineering Sciences 2009年第2期7卷 52-56,85页

作者： Shi Yuanchun Li Shizhong Zhang Hanxing China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

biofuels are the current promising alternative to fossil fuels. However, the fluctuating food prices caused by oil price led to critics to biofuels. The paper surveyed biofuels production and grain production and consumption demand, and come to the conclusion that there was a little impact of corn ethanol on international food price, and there was no impact on China’s food prices. China has launched non-food biofuels development strategy to use marginal lands for growing hard crops, such as sweet sorghum, tuber crops, and switchgrass etc. to produce biofuels without any impact on food security in the future.

关键词： biofuels food security food price crisis non-food feadstocks

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Food Commodity Prices Volatility: The Role of biofuels

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Natural Resources 2014年第5期5卷 200-212页

作者： Christopher L. Gilbert Harriet K. Mugera Department of Economics and Management University of Trento Trento Italy

Food commodity prices have recently increased sharply and become more volatile, highlighting greater uncertainty in markets and threatening global food security. High fuel prices combined with legislative mandates have increased biofuel production raising the average cost of food on the global market and particularly in developing countries and established a link between crude oil and agricultural prices. We investigate the role of biofuels in explaining increased volatility in food commodities. Multivariate GARCH models and volatility decompositions are estimated on grains and crude oil daily prices over a twelve-year sample from 2000-2011. We find increases in correlations and co-movements between grains and crude oils prices after 2006 and particularly in 2008 when crude oil prices were high. Increased volatility in grains during the 2008-09 spike was largely due to shocks transmitted from crude oil to grains especially corn, wheat and soybean prices.

关键词： Volatility Food Prices Crude Oil biofuels MGARCH Volatility Decomposition

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Towards Biorefinery Production of Microalgal biofuels and Bioproducts: Production of Acetic Acid from the Fermentation of <i>Chlorella</i>sp. and <i>Tetraselmis suecica</i>Hydrolysates

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2017年第2期7卷 152-171页

作者： Mohd Asyraf Kassim Mohd Aziz Rashid Ronald Halim Bioprocess Technology Divisions School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia Pulau Pinang Malaysia Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Victoria Australia Crop and Soil Science Research Centre (SS) Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI) Serdang Malaysia Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Victoria Australia

Successful commercialization of microalgal bio-industry requires the design of an integrated microalgal biorefinery system that facilitates the co-production of biofuels, high-value products and industrial chemicals from the biomass. In this study, we investigated the use of sugar hydrolysate obtained from enzymatic saccharification of microalgal biomass (Chlorella sp. and T. suecica) as fermentation feedstock to produce industrially important chemicals, in particular acetic acid and butyric acid. By using hydrolysate with low sugar content as substrate for the anaerobic fermentation (1.5 - 2.4 g/L), we were able to prevent the bacterium C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum from activating its solventogenesis pathway. As a result, the fermentation process generated a product stream that was dominated by organic acids (acetic acid and butyric acid) rather than solvents (butanol, ethanol and acetone). Acetic acid constituted up to 92 wt% of Chlorella’s fermentation products and 80 wt% of T. suecica’s fermentation products. For T. suecica, the fermentation consumed almost all of the sugar available in the hydrolysate (up to 92% of initial sugar) and produced a reasonable yield of fermentation products (0.08 g fermentation products/g sugar). The Gompertz equation was successfully used to predict the formation kinetics of acetic acid and other fermentation products across both species. The results in the study demonstrate the production of industrially important chemicals, such as acetic acid and butyric acid, from the fermentation of microalgal sugar. The process described in the study can potentially be used as a value-adding step to generate biochemicals from cell debris in an integrated microalgal biorefinery system.

关键词： Microalgal Cultivation Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol Fermentation Acetic Acid Microalgal Biorefinery Gompertz Model Biochemical biofuels

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Evaluation of Renewable Energy Vulnerability to Climate Change in Brazil: A Case Study of biofuels and Solar Energy

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2015年第8期6卷 221-232页

作者： Antonio Oscar Jr. Wanderson Luiz Silva Vera Ruffato Renata Barreto Marcos Freitas Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

This study aims to calculate indicators and indexes to subsidize the analysis of vulnerability and adaptation of the renewable energy sector to climate change in Brazil, focusing on biofuels and solar energy. For biofuels, in general, the Brazilian coast will be a propitious area for agricultural productivity during the XXI century, but these are areas historically intended for occupation and development of the urbanization process, that is, with limited land availability and supply for primary production. In some parts of the Northeast, Midwest and South of the country, offer for the cultivation land will be reduced. For the solar energy is observed that Brazil has area and highly expressive power for the use of this power, both today and in the coming decades, especially in the North, Northeast and Midwest. In statistical terms, the Mann-Kendal test and Sen’s Bend point to a very weak tendency to useful radiation indicator in all regions of Brazil by 2100. In addition, it is projected a significant increase in mean air temperature by the end of XXI century across the country that can mean a reduction in power conversion capability, which is sensitive to ambient temperature variations, especially in the Midwest and North of the country.

关键词： Renewable Energy Climate Change Brazil biofuels Solar Energy

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Doha Round： The Environment and Agricultural and biofuels Markets

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Sociology Study 2012年第2期2卷 107-119页

作者： Joaquín Flores-Paredes Gerardo Sánchez-Ambriz Guadalupe Calderón-Martínez National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) Departamento de Ciencias Sociales

The agricultural liberalization market process remains stalled Doha Round. The terms in protection levels reductions are negotiated, but the emergence of the global crisis constrains public resources to sustain them. In addition, the use of some grains as inputs in the production of biofuels, has contributed to the price increase in foods, although this production is an alternative to fossil fuels use and can help to reduce further environmental degradation. In this paper we analyze the main variables to be taken into account when negotiating the liberalization of agricultural trade, but also ofbiofuels in the context of Doha Round.

关键词： Doha Round agricultural world market liberalization biofuels environment

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A Contribution to the Debate on Reconciling Bioenergy for biofuels and Food Security

A Contribution to the Debate on Reconciling Bioenergy for Bi...

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作者： Paulo C.Manduca Mauro D.Berni Rubens Lamparelli Klaus G.Dalgaard Luis A.B.Cortez Juan A.Ayarza Interdisciplinary Center for Energy Planning State University of Campinas (UNICAMP)

Over the last few years, bioenergy production has undergone a process of rapid development, causing significant impacts on the global food system. Among other things, the resulting increase in demand for agricultural products has had important implications for food security. The alleged causal link between bioenergy production and food security has been the subject of increasing debate. Given the complex nature of bioenergy, debates on the matter often lack a solid scientific basis. The endurance of such debates raises the need for more informed and systematic attention to this issue. The present paper identifies some of the main players in this debate and their arguments in favor or against the expansion of biofuel industries. A case study of the Brazilian experience with biofuels will clarify the validity of arguments on both sides of the debate and the potential applicability of the Brazilian biofuel model worldwide.

关键词： Bioenergy biofuels food security sustainability

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