检索结果-南通市图书馆

Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第8期52卷 1104-1114页

作者： LIU Kam-Biu Carrie MORRILL Jonathan T. OVERPECK Julia E. COLE Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences School of the Coast and Environment Louisiana State University NOAA Paleoclimatology Program and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) Institute for the Study of Planet Earth and Department of Geosciences University of Arizona

The ecotone between alpine steppe and meadow in the central Tibetan Plateau is sensitive to climate changes. Here we used the pollen records from three lakes in this region to reconstruct the evolution of local vegetation and climate since 8200 cal. yr BP. The history of temperature and precipitation was reconstructed quantitatively with multi-bioclimatic indexes and a transfer function from pollen records. Results show that the steppe/meadow dominated during the period of 8200―6500 cal. yr BP, especially 8200―7200 cal. yr BP, indicating the central Tibetan Plateau was controlled by strong monsoon. The steppe dominated during the periods of 6000―4900, 4400―3900, and 2800―2400 cal. yr BP. The steppe decreased gradually and the meadow expanded during the period of 4900―4400 cal. yr BP. Three century-scale drought events occurred during 5800―4900, 4400―3900 and 2800 cal. yr BP, respectively. The first time when the regional climate shifted to the present level was at 6500 cal. yr BP in the central Plateau. Since 3000 cal. yr BP, the temperature and precipitation have decreased gradually to the present level. However, the cold climate between 700―300 cal. yr BP likely corresponds to the Little Ice Age.

关键词： the meadow-steppe ecotone (MSE) pollen record bioclimatic index central Tibetan Plateau

TOWARDS A FOURTH ECOLOGY: Social and Environmental Sustainability with Architecture and Urban Design

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Green Building 2010年第4期5卷 176-197页

作者： Joo Hwa Bay University of Western Australia DirectorEco Design Consultant

The architect has always been interested in the social and cultural dimensions while creating architecture for people to last,with the help of building science and *** could solve some problems,but is yet to solve many of the problems of urbanization in human *** many of the problems can only be solved with careful understanding of human behavior,social intercourse,and economics in relation to the urban environments and organizations,and the natural environment *** seemed to be a divide between the way an engineer and an architect think and practice in making a building and a piece of architecture,where the former is highly mathematical,and the latter deals with cultural poetics and a whole range of social and technical issues of which the physics of the environment is but one dimension(Bay and Ong 2006).It may appear natural in this age of environmental crisis and rapid urban development in many cities that the current Ecologically Sustainable Design(ESD)system,which is mainly based on science of the physical world,would be readily accepted by the architect in practice and *** of the current ESD guidelines can contribute to the avoidance of a further decay of the earth,thus preventing droughts and floods,etc.,and hope to maintain the status quo of the environment for all the“business as usual”social-economic *** more world leaders of the developed world agreeing in principle on the need to address climate change,perhaps a lot more will be done based on the engineering models for ecologically friendly planning,commerce,industry,and *** could be a cognitive bias3 of overconfidence and systemic error that the predominantly engineering focus to keep climate change at bay will solve the problem of sustainability in various parts of the *** current limited concept of“ecological”or the“green”design does contribute to sustainability,but is quite limited and not the whole picture of susta

关键词： Ecology sustainability architecture Modern Architecture functionalism ecologically sustainable design rating tools social and environmental community social capital socio-climatic bioclimatic human behavior diversity human potential

Vernacular Wisdom as a Path Toward Low-energy Ecologically Sustainable Housing and Settlements: Participatory Design and Building to Rehabilitate Local Adobe Bricks in El Salvador

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of World Architecture 2020年第1期4卷 1-8页

作者： Silvio Cristiano Camilla Falchetti Department of Science and Technology Universitàdegli Studi di Napoli'Parthenope’Naples80143Italy Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems UniversitàCa’Foscari VeneziaVenice30172Italy Associazione Labsus–Laboratorio per la Sussidiarietà Turin10100Italy Associazione Psicologi nel Mondo Torino Turin10100Italy

Globalized cultures,imaginaries,and economies are often matched to the standardization of building ***,solutions that are not tailored for a specific context tend to entail environmental,economic,and social *** human history,vernacular wisdom has produced interesting low-energy and climate-responsive architectures all around the globe:These can be seen as interesting examples in an era of global warming and overall uncertainty;at the same time,they represent accessible sustainable solutions in deprived areas of the world as well as in wealthier *** experience of participatory design and building process is here presented,carried on in a rural area of El Salvador,Central America.A sanitary facility for a school is designed and realized after the collectively desired recovery and improvement of one of the fruits of local vernacular wisdom in building design,i.e.,the adobe earth *** potentials and limits of such experience as well as of the used technology are reviewed in the perspective of affordable and ecologically sustainable housing and settlements in the area.

关键词： bioclimatic buildings Vernacular architecture Urban planning Adobe earth brick Ecological sustainability

Oribatid Use as Bioindicateur of Environment： Case of Galumna sp. and Scheloribates sp. （Acari： Oribatida）

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Life Sciences 2012年第5期6卷 518-527页

作者： Ghezali Djelloul Harkat Hafsa Department of Zoology Agriculture & Forestry Ecole Nationale Supdrieure Agronomique El-Harrach Alger 16200 Algeria

Environmental characteristics are often the factors that determine the distribution of species in nature. However, species response vis-A-vis these factors differs. For a better understanding of the phenomenon, we have conducted this study which consists of following the spatio-temporal evolution of two species of Oribatida （Scheloribates sp. and Galumna sp.）. The sites which have been the subject of this study, are situated in different bioclimatic zones presenting a very different climatic, edaphic, nutritional, and altitudinal characteristics. The variability of ecological factors showed that the behavior of two species differs. Indeed, Scheloribates sp. is present in all sites except in Biskra whereas Galumna sp. is present only in sites belonging to humid and sub humid bioclimatic zones. Moreover, Scheloribates sp. appears more tolerant of environmental changes while Galumna sp. is more stringent and its presence is marked only in the sites where ecological conditions are better. Thus, it can be noted that the spatial and temporal distribution of oribatid is not only conditioned solely by environmental factors but also by intrinsic factors specific to each species. The specific behavior of Galumna sp. and the tolerance of Scheloribates sp. are interesting and can be the subject of bioindicator species that can inform us about the changes that effect whether natural or anthropogenic environment.

关键词： Oribatida ecological factors area bioclimatic spatiotemporal.

Assessing the Suitability of the WorldClim Dataset for Ecological Studies in Southern Kenya

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Geographic Information System 2018年第6期10卷 643-658页

作者： Tim J. L. Wango Douglas Musiega Charles N. Mundia Department of Geomatic Engineering & Geospatial Information Systems Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya Department of Geomatics and Geospatial Information Systems Dedan Kimathi University Nyeri Kenya

There have been numerous efforts to generate freely available climatic datasets for use in species distribution models, the most popular being the global climatic dataset known as WorldClim. The availability of such datasets is invaluable to scientists as many studies are performed in remote areas where no weather stations are found. However, many users do not critically assess the suitability of these datasets for their applications, and errors associated with global datasets are often assumed to be negligible. Understanding what a climate dataset can or cannot deliver requires the user to have a working knowledge of what the basic spatial climate-forcing factors are at the scale of his/her study, and to have a good understanding of the uncertainty in the dataset. In geographic studies, uncertainty is often described by the degree of error (uncertainty), or degree of accuracy (certainty) in data, and thematic uncertainty refers to the uncertainty in measures made for each variable, whereas temporal uncertainty refers to the uncertainty in time period represented by each variable. Here, we used climatic data from weather stations to investigate the climate-forcing factors in southern Kenya, and then used this weather station data to investigate the uncertainty in the WorldClim dataset. Results indicated that the nineteen core Worldclim variables, known as bioclimatic variables, accurately depicted the local variations in climate in the study area. However, whereas the monthly and seasonal temperature variables represented the same time period in different locations, the same was not true for the monthly and seasonal precipitation variables. The onset of rains is a key biological indicator, and scientists studying phenomena tied to the onset of rains need to keep in mind the temporal variations represented in the WorldClim dataset.

关键词： WorldClim bioclimatic Variables Thematic Uncertainty Temporal Uncertainty