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The scarab gut： A potential bioreactor for bio-fuel production

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Insect Science 2010年第3期17卷 175-183页

作者： Sheng-Wei Huang Hong-Yu Zhang Sean Marshall Trevor A. Jackson State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Institute of Urban and Horticultural Pests and Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China biocontrol Biosecurity and Bioprocessing AgResearch Limited Christchurch New Zealand

Cellulose and hemicelluloses are the most prevalent sources of carbon in nature. Currently many approaches employ micro-organisms and their enzyme products to degrade plant feedstocks for production of bioenergy. Scarab larvae are one such model. They consume celluloses from a variety of sources including plant roots, soil organic matter and decaying wood, and are able to extract nutrients and energy from these sources. In this paper, we review the physicochemical properties of the scarab larval gut, the diversity and digestive role that microflora play in the scarab gut and discuss the potential for applying these digestive processes in bioreactors for improving bio-fuel production. Scarab larvae are characterised by their highly alkaline midgut which is dominated by serine proteinase enzymes, and a modified hindgut which harbors the majority of the intestinal microbiota under anaerobic conditions. Evidence suggests that digestion of recalcitrant organic matter in scarab larvae likely results from a combination of endogenous gut proteinases and cellulolytic enzymes produced by symbiotic micro-organisms. Most of the easily digestible proteins are mobilized and absorbed in the midgut by endogenous proteinases. The hindgut contents of scarab larvae are characterized by high concentrations of volatile fatty acids, the presence of fermenting bacteria, and typical anaerobic activities, such as methanogenesis. The hindgut typically contains a wide diversity of micro-organisms, some of which appear to be obligate symbionts with cellulolytic potential. As a result, the scarab larval gut can be regarded as a small bioreactor resembling the rumen of sheep or cattle, where solid food particles composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and polysaccharides are degraded through enzymatic and fermentation processes. Together these observations suggest scarab larvae have potential to assist the bio-fuel industry by providing new sources of （hemi）cellulolytic bacteria and bacteri

关键词： bio-fuel bioreactor cellulolytic enzymes microflora Scarabaeidae

bio-fuel Production From Carbondioxide Gas Using S. elongatus PCC 7942 from Cyanobacteria

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Non-Metallic Material Science 2020年第1期2卷 9-11页

作者： Delia Teresa Sponza Cansu Doganx Environmental Engineering Department Engineering FacultyDokuz Eylul UniversityBuca-izmirTurkey Sciences Institute Deparment of BiologyScience FacultyxAgean UniversityTurkey

The aim of this study,is 1-butanol production using CO2 with *** PCC 7942 *** yields of 1-butanolproduced/CO2utilized have been *** maximum concentration of produced 1-butanol is 35.37 mg/L and 1-butanolproduced/CO2utilized efficiency is *** optimum operational conditions were 30°C temperature,60 W intensity of light,pH=7.1,120 mV redox potential,0.083 m^3/sn flow rate with CO2 and 0.5 mg/l dissolved O2 *** the enzymes on the metabolic trail of the production of 1-butanol via using *** PCC 7942 *** maximum yield;the measured concentrations are 0.016μg/ml for hbd;0.0022μg/ml for Ter and 0.0048μg/ml for *** cost analyses necessary for 1-butanol production has been done and the cost of 1 liter 1-butanol has been determined as 1.31 TL/L.

关键词： bio-fuel Carbondioxide GAS S.elongatus Cyanobacteria 1-butanol

R&D Analysis of bio-fuel Alternative Fossil fuel Production Through biomass Fast Pyrolysis and bio-Oil Hydrotreating

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R&D Analysis of Bio-fuel Alternative Fossil Fuel Production ...

Cost of non-renewable energy in production of wood pellets in China

第十三届中国科协年会第7分会场-实现“2020年单位GDP二氧化碳排放强度下降40-45%”的途径研讨会

作者：张瑞芹郑州大学环境科学研究院

The second generation of bio-fuel produced from biomass of agricultural residues and forest residues and some energy crop,has attracted more and more *** bio-fuel produced via fast pyrolysis of biomass and catalytic hydrotreating of bio-oil,can be utilized instead of gasoline and *** R&D status of bio-fuel via biomass pyrolysis and hydrotreating bio-oil international and domestic was *** governments in the United States and in Europe already invest big fund annually for the second generation *** clusters combined with research facilities,universities and biologic and petrochemical companies make progress on fundamental study,pilot programs and commercial *** the biomass conversion scale was assumed 200 dry tons per day(dtpd) of biomass and based on our research results,1.0 ton biomass can produce 0.22 to 0.24 ton bio-fuel of HHV 45 MJ/*** estimation of GHG emission saving are about 2.66 TCO2 eq/T *** cost of bio-fuel is 6.26 RMB/kg or 5.13 RMB/*** analysis suggests that production of hydrocarbon bio-fuels from biomass via the pyrolysis and hydrotreating route is potentially economically *** is urgent to build pilot facilities for the further assessment of the bio-fuel production system via pyrolysis route according to test results for commercial *** achieve the potential for producing hydrocarbon fuels from biomass,additional research and development are *** development of bio-fuel via pyrolysis route is significant for fossil fuel supply *** it will let us adapt to climate change positively and make substantial contribution to reduce GHG emissions.

关键词： biomass renewable energy fast Pyrolysis bio-oil bio-fuel Hydrotreating

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2013年第2期7卷 199-205页

作者： Changbo WANG Lixiao ZHANG Jie LIU State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Transport Planning and Research Institute Ministry of Transport Beijing 100028 China

Assessing the extent to which all bio-fuels that are claimed to be renewable are in fact renewable is essential because producing such renewable fuels itself requires some amount of non-renewable energy （NE） and materials. Using hybrid life cycle analysis （LCA）--from raw material collection to delivery of pellets to end users--the energy cost of wood pellet production in China was estimated at 1.35 J/J, of which only 0.09 J was derived from NE, indicating that only 0.09 J of NE is required to deliver 1 J of renewable energy into society and showing that the process is truly renewable. Most of the NE was consumed during the conversion process （46.21%） and delivery of pellets to end users （40.69%）, during which electricity and diesel are the two major forms of NE used, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that the distance over which the pellets are transported affects the cost of NE significantly. Therefore the location of the terminal market and the site where wood resources are available are crucial to saving diesel.

关键词： wood pellet non-renewable energy (NE) hybrid life cycle analysis (LCA) bio-fuel

Application of tobacco stems briquetting in tobacco flue-curing in rural area of China

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International Journal of Agricultural and biological Engineering 2015年第6期8卷 84-88页

作者： Wang Xinfeng Xu Guizhuan Zhang Bailiang Jiao Youzhou Lu Haifeng Li Baoming Department of Agricultural Structure and bio-environmental Engineering College of Water Resources&Civil EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Department of bio-energy and bio-environmental Engineering College of Mechanical&Electrical EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450002China

To reduce the conventional energy consumption in rural area of China,tobacco stems briquetting(TSB)was used as fuel during the process of tobacco flue-curing,compared with honeycomb briquette(HB).Three fire furnaces with different heat exchangers using TSB were compared using the tobacco *** results showed that the smog temperature of TSB was higher than that of HB,the efficiency of bio-fuel system with TSB was from 43.5%to 54%,while the efficiency of traditional fuel system was 51.5%.And the cost of tobacco flue-curing per hectare with TSB and HB was$750.0 and$1282.5,*** is proved that TSB is an alternative choice using for the industry of tobacco flue-curing,and the improvement in the structure of fire furnace could optimize the process of tobacco flue-curing.

关键词： biomass briquetting tobacco flue-curing bio-fuel fire furnace

bio-oil and biochar production using thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of low-value waste neem seeds over low-cost catalysts:effects of operating conditions on product yields and studies of physicochemical characteristics of bio-oil and biochar

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biochar 2021年第4期3卷 641-656页

作者： Ranjeet Kumar Mishra Kaustubha Mohanty Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology GuwahatiGuwahati 781039India

This study addressed a comparative assessment of the effect of low-cost catalysts on the yield and physicochemical properties of *** and catalytic pyrolysis of neem seeds(NM)was conducted in a fixed bed semi-batch reactor at optimum conditions(550°C temperature,80°C min−1 heating rate,0.5 mm particle size,and 100 mL min−1 sweep gas flow rate).The produced bio-oil and biochar were characterized through thermal stability,elemental composition(CHNS),higher heating value(HHV),Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR)spectroscopy,Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FESEM),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS),zeta potential,water-holding capacity(WHC),and BET(Brunauer,Emmett and Teller)surface area ***,it was noticed that the use of catalysts at optimized condition substantially boosted the quality and yield of *** results established that thermal pyrolysis yielded 49.53 wt.%of bio-oil,while catalytic pyrolysis yielded(51.25 wt.%,53.12 wt.%,48.68 wt.%,and 50.65 wt.%for MgO,NaOH,Al_(2)O_(3),and ZSM-5,respectively)at 20 wt.%catalyst *** physicochemical study of bio-oil confirmed improved properties of bio-oil in terms of viscosity,heating value,pH and carbon ***,the FTIR study of bio-oil indicates the occurrence of phenolic products,aromatics,ketones,acidic compounds,esters,alcohol and aldehyde impurities,whereas 1H NMR study supported FTIR ***-MS study demonstrated that the introduc-tion of catalysts significantly reduced the oxygenated substances,acidic products,phenolic compounds and substantially increased the ***,characterization results of neem seed biochar(NMC)established the existence of HHV(23.26 MJ kg^(−1)),carbon content(62.66%),zeta potential(31.68 mV),water holding capacity(41.50%)and lower BET surface area(4.60 m^(2)g^(−1)).

关键词： Waste neem seeds Pyrolysis Catalysts bio-fuel GC–MS FTIR 1H NMR biochar FESEM

biofuel Recovery from Plantain and Banana Plant Wastes:Integration of biochemical and Thermochemical Approach

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第6期11卷 2593-2629页

作者： Abdulmoseen Segun Giwa Mingqiang Sheng Ndungutse Jean Maurice Xinxin Liu Zelong Wang Fengmin Chang Bo Huang Kaijun Wang School of Environment and Civil Engineering Nanchang Institute of Science and TechnologyNanchang330108China School of Infrastructure Engineering Nanchang UniversityNanchang330031China Institute of Environmental Science Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan030006China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Globally,fossil fuel dependence has created several environmental challenges and climate ***,creating other alternative renewable and ecologically friendly bio-energy sources is *** biomass has gained significant attention recently as a renewable material for biofuel *** large amounts of plantain and banana plant parts wasted after harvesting,as well as the peels generated daily by the fruit market and industries,demonstrate the potential of bioenergy *** review briefly assesses plantain and banana plant biomass(PBB)generated in the developing,developed,and underdeveloped countries,the consumable parts,and feasible products *** emphasized the advantages and disadvantages of the commonly adopted treatment technologies of composting,incineration,and ***,the utilization of PBB as catalysts in biodiesel synthesis was briefly *** optimize recovery of biofuel,different integration routes of pyrolysis,anaerobic digestion,fermentation,hydrothermal carbonization,hydrothermal liquefaction,and hydrothermal gasification for the valorization of the PBB were *** complex compounds present in the PBB(hemicellulose,cellulose,and lignin)can be converted into valuable bio-products such as methane gas and bio-ethanol for bioenergy,and nutrients to promote bioactive *** investigation of the viability and innovation potential of the integrated routes’technology is necessary to improve the circular bio-economy and the recovery of biofuels from biomass waste,particularly PBB.

关键词： bio-chemical bio-fuel integration plantain and banana waste:renewable materials

Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Strategies for Scaling-Up Jatropha curcas （L.） Production in Ghana

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2011年第1期1卷 59-67页

作者： E. Owusu Danquah R. Akromah S. K. Oppong W. Oduro S. J. Quashie-Sam N. V. Thevathasan A.M.Gordon Department of Agroforestry College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Crop and Soil Sciences College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Wildlife and Range Management College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada

Jatropha curcas （L） has gained popularity as a biodiesel plant to serve as an alternative fuel source and generate income to small landholders. From the bioenergy policy of Ghana, the government is collaborating with the private sector to develop about one million hectares of Jatropha plantation throughout the country. The objective of this study was to assess the importance which farmers give to ,Jcurcas compared with other indigenous tree species and identify the indigenous uses and niches of J. curcas in Ghana. Three farming communities were selected from each of the ten regions. A total of six hundred farmers, consisting of twenty farmers from each community were selected at random and interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire. Results revealed that J curcas was identified as one of the most important tree species in nine out of the ten regions. Majority （56%） of the respondents indicated that it is mainly used for medicinal purpose and mostly found around homesteads. However. the study observed that, research attention is needed on integration into agricultural lands, germplasm collection and genetic improvement. These findings will help boost production ofJ. curcas in Ghana for the nation to realize her dream of alternative fuel from the plant.

关键词： Jatropha curcas indigenous knowledge bio-fuel Ghana biodiesel plant.

The Prospect of Sustainable biofuel in Bangladesh: Challenges and Solution

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Journal of Sustainable bioenergy Systems 2019年第3期9卷 119-154页

作者： Washim Akram Abu Jafor Abdul Monem Department of Mechanical Engineering Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology Saidpur Bangladesh Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Bangladesh Army University of Engineering and Technology Natore Bangladesh

The aim of this paper is to review the articles corresponding to the potentiality of biodiesel generation in Bangladesh. Many researchers gave their opinions and results related to their experiments for producing bio-fuel in Bangladesh. The potentiality of biofuel from different edible sources like mustard oil, coconut oil, sesame oil, mosna oil, soybean oil etc. and different non-edible sources like castor oil, rice bran oil, Jatropha curcas oil, karanja oil, microalgae oil, rubber seed oil, neem oil, linseed oil etc. are studied here. The properties and the uses of biofuels in diesel engine and their performances are also reviewed in this paper. The emission characteristics are reviewed and investigated too. Moreover, the cost analysis of biofuel compared to the other fuels is inspected here. All types of research related to biofuel are thoroughly reviewed. The main and important challenges to use biofuel and their solutions are given by authors in this research article. This paper presents the scopes of applying technologies to improve the sustainability of bio-fuel in respect of Bangladesh.

关键词： bio-fuel Bangladesh Renewable Energy Challenges and Solution