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Life-Cycle Analysis of bio-ethanol Fuel Emissions of Transportation Vehicles in Greater Houston Area

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第6期7卷 793-804页

作者： Raghava Kommalapati Shahzeb Sheikh Hongbo Du Ziaul Huque Center for Energy & Environmental Sustainability Prairie View A&M University Prairie View USA Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Prairie View A&M University Prairie View USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Prairie View A&M University Prairie View USA

Study is conducted on the life cycle assessment of bio-ethanol used for transportation vehicles and their emissions. The emissions that are analyzed include greenhouse gases, volatile organic compounds, sulfur oxide, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, particulate matter with the size less than 10 and 2.5 microns. Furthermore, various blends of bio-ethanol and gasoline are studied to learn about the impacts of higher blend on emissions. The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) model software are used to simulate for emissions. The research analyzes two pathways of emissions: Well-to-Pump and Pump-to-Vehicle analyses. It is found that the fuel cell vehicles using 100% bio-ethanol have shown the most reduction in the amount of all the pollutants from the Pump-to-Vehicle emission analysis. The Well-to-Pump analysis shows that only greenhouse gases (GHGs) reduce with higher blends of bio-ethanol. All other pollutants VOC, CO, NOx, SOx, PM10 and PM2.5 emissions increase with the higher blending ratios. The Pump-to-Vehicle analysis shows that all the pollutant emissions reduce with the percentage increase of bio-ethanol in the fuel blends.

关键词： Life Cycle Assessment bio-ethanol Greenhouse Gases Emissions Pollutant Emissions

Evaluation of Plantain biomass (<i>Musa paradisiaca</i>L.), as Feedstock for bio-ethanol Production

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2021年第2期11卷 59-71页

作者： Helen Olayinka Ogunsuyi Christiana Aanu Olawale Department of Chemistry School of Sciences Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria

This study investigated the viability of post-harvested plantain biomass as a promising feedstock for the production of bioethanol. The properties of the derived bio-ethanol were determined to examine its suitability ... 详细信息

This study investigated the viability of post-harvested plantain biomass as a promising feedstock for the production of Bioethanol. The properties of the derived bio-ethanol were determined to examine its suitability as a promising and sustainable alternative to petroleum-based ethanol The research revealed that Plantain biomass is made up of Lignocellulosic contents such as extractive, Lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses, ash and moisture in different proportions. The different parts of the biomass such as the flower, stem and leaves were hydrolyzed using H2SO4. Optimum hydrolysis conditions of 6%w/v acid concentration, 30 min contact time and 80°C working temperature were established for Plantain stem and flower. However, hydrolysis of Plantain leaves was at the best under the experimental conditions of acid concentration (10% w/v), contact time (120 min) and temperature (120°C). The highest yield of the bio-ethanol produced was obtained from Plantain stem biomass with a record of 8.04% followed by Plantain flower with a yield of 7.73% and 757% from Plantain leaves The hydrolyzate was fermented using Baker’s yeast (<

关键词： Plantain biomass bio-ethanol Lignocellulosic Contents Fermentation

Concentration of bio-ethanol through Cellulose Ester Membranes during Temperature-Difference Controlled Evapomeation

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2011年第10期2卷 1499-1506页

作者： Tadashi Uragami 不详

To evaluate the high-performance of membrane materials in the concentration of an aqueous solution of dilute bioethanol under temperature-difference controlled evapomeation (TDEV), asymmetric porous cellulose nitrate (CN) and cellulose acetate (CA) membranes were prepared by a phase inversion method. In the concentration of dilute ethanol under TDEV, these membranes showed a high permeation rate and high ethanol/water selectivity. In membranes with almost the similar pore size, the ethanol/water selectivity was considerably higher for the CN membrane than the corresponding CA membrane. This result suggested that the affinity between the membrane material and the permeant is an important factor in the separation selectivity.

关键词： bio-ethanol Concentration Membrane Cellulose Ester Temperature-Difference Controlled Evapomeation

Energy-Efficient Production of Cassava-Based bio-ethanol

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Advances in bioscience and biotechnology 2014年第12期5卷 925-939页

作者： Qian Kang Lise Appels Jan Baeyens Raf Dewil Tianwei Tan Process and Environmental Technology Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineering Sint-Katelijne-Waver Belgium Beijing Key Laboratory of bioprocess College of Life Science and Technology Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China

Fuel ethanol is an important renewable and sustainable fuel, produced in China by fermentation of mostly corn, wheat and cassava feedstock. Fermentation produces an ethanol-lean broth (10 to 12 vol%). ethanol is recovered by distillation, followed by a molecular sieve drying beyond the azeo-tropic point. The distillation and molecular sieve operations consume most of the total energy used, with the steam consumption currently being ~1.8 kg/kg ethanol, including 0.5 kg/kg ethanol in the final molecular sieve stage during regeneration. The objectives of the paper are fourfold: 1) firstly to study the distillation process of a large-scale cassava-based fuel ethanol production (200,000 tons per year), by field measurements and by using an Aspen Plus V8.2 simulation, with and without energy integration of condensers and reboilers, resulting in a distillation steam consumption of ~1.3 kg/kg ethanol;2) secondly, to examine the effects of using Very High Gravity (VHG) fer-mentation of cassava meal mash. By using VHG fermentation, the ethanol concentration in the fermenter broth is significantly increased, to about 19 vol% (15.4 wt%). The steam consumption is then reduced to ~0.94 kg/kg, representing a considerable saving in comparison with the current operation. Applying VHG fermentation needs minor additional investment, rapidly recovered through the energy savings and the smaller size of equipment;3) thirdly, to assess the application of a hybrid operation, where pervaporation will be used to selectively and continuously remove ethanol from the fermenter broth, thus slightly increasing the fermentation yield by reducing the risk of ethanol inhibition, whilst producing an ehtanol-rich permeate (about 30 wt%);and finally 4) to demonstrate that the production cost of cassava-based ethanol can substantially be reduced by applying the proposed improvements.

关键词： bio-ethanol Hybrid Process VHG Membranes Energy Optimization Simulation

The Development of Materials for the Production of Hydrogen from bio-ethanol

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复旦学报（自然科学版） 2007年第5期46卷 578-页

作者： Pilar Ramírez de la Piscina Narcís Homs Departament de Química Inorgànica Facultat de Química and Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia Universitat de BarcelonaC/Martí i Franquès 1-1108028 BarcelonaSpain

1 Results There is an increased interest in the hydrogen production from renewable sources. In this context, recently, numerous studies which use ethanol for hydrogen production have appeared. ethanol is easily handled, non-toxic, and it can be obtained from biomass. The steam-reforming of bioethanol has been shown to beeffective for hydrogen production:C2H5OH + 3 H2O  6 H2 + 2 CO2. Six moles of hydrogen can be yielded for each mole of ethanol reacted. However, depending on the catalyst used, other und...

关键词： bio-ethanol Co3O4 XRD

Fe-modified HZSM-5 catalysts for ethanol conversion into light olefins

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2011年第4期20卷 423-427页

作者： Jiangyin Lu Yancong Liu Na Li Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals of Ministry of Education Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 Xinjiang China

A series of Fe/HZSM-5 catalysts with different iron loadings were prepared by impregnation *** was performed by N2 adsorption-desorption,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,NH3 temperature-programmed desorption（NH3-TPD）,temperature-programmed reduction （TPR）,temperature-programmed oxidation（TPO）and thermogravimetry（TG）*** content in the synthesized samples varied from 1.1 wt%to 20 wt%.The obtained samples have been used for ethanol conversion into light *** was found that the amount of strong acidity at 300 -5 50-C on Fe-modified samples was decreased,going with another new acid site appearance at 550- 600-C and that Fe/HZSM-5 catalysts were highly selective towards light olefins,especially the 9FZ *** addition,Fe-modified catalysts suppressed the conversion of ethanol to aromatics and paraffins and enhanced their anti-carbon deposit ability.

关键词： bio-ethanol light olefins HZSM-5 Fe modification

Advances in lignocellulosic biotechnology: A brief review on lignocellulosic biomass and cellulases

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Advances in bioscience and biotechnology 2014年第3期5卷 246-251页

作者： Tanzila Shahzadi Sajid Mehmood Muhammad Irshad Zahid Anwar Amber Afroz Nadia Zeeshan Umer Rashid Kalsoom Sughra Department of biochemistry and Molecular biology University of Gujrat Gujrat Pakistan Department of biochemistry Nawaz Sharif Medical College University of Gujrat Gujrat Pakistan

From the last few decades, there has been an increasing research interest in the value of lignocellulosic biomass. Lignoellulosic biomass is an inexpensive, renewable abundant and provides a unique natural resource for large-scale and cost-effective bio-energy collection. In addition, using lignocellulosic materials and other low-cost biomass can significantly reduce the cost of materials used for ethanol production. Therefore, in this background, the rapidly evolving tools of biotechnology can lower the conversion costs and also enhance a yield of target products. In this context, a biological processing presents a promising approach to converting lignocellulosic materials into energy-fuels. The present summarized review work begins with an overview on the physio-chemical features and composition of major agricultural biomass. The information is also given on the processing of agricultural biomass to produce industrially important enzymes, e.g., ligninases or cellulases. Cellulases provide a key opportunity for achieving tremendous benefits of biomass utilization.

关键词： Lignicellulosic biomass Eco-Friendly bio-ethanol Industrial Enzyme

Optimum Conditions for bioethanol Production from Potato of Bangladesh

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Advances in bioscience and biotechnology 2014年第6期5卷 501-507页

作者： Abul Kalam Azad Nilufa Yesmin Shanjit Kumar Sarker Abdus Sattar Rezaul Karim Department of biochemistry and Molecular biology Rajshahi University Rajshahi Bangladesh Institute of Environmental Science Rajshahi University Rajshahi Bangladesh Institute of Food Science & Technology Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Dhaka Bangladesh

Bangladesh produces a huge amount of potatoes every year. This research was carried out to find the optimum conditions for bioethanol production from potato of Bangladesh. From this study, optimum growth of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCD) was observed at pH 6.0 and temperature 31°C. Addition of a small amount of alpha-amylase enzyme to potato solution was found to enhance the potato starch degradation and made the fermentation process quicker. This study observed that 1750 unit alpha-amylase is enough to degrade the starch in 15% of 500 ml potato starch solution. From fermentation time study, 6-day incubation time was found to be enough to complete the fermentation process and optimum production of bioethanol form potato starch. Suitable concentration of potato in fermentation process was determined using five different potato solutions (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%). A highest production of bioethanol was found in ?20% potato treatment. Therefore, 20% potato solution is recommended for high-scale production of bioethanol from potato starch.

关键词： Potato bio-ethanol Fermentation Alpha-Amylase