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Song variation of a native songbird in a modified habitat by invasive plant

Integrative Zoology 2022年第1期17卷 93-104页

作者： Pan CHEN Taiyu CHEN Bin LIU Manyu ZHANG Changhu LU College of Biology and the Environment Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina School of Ecology and Environment Anhui Normal UniversityChina

Habitat structure has been considered as an important factor affecting the acoustic evolution of birds,and bird songs are increasingly affected by artificial environmental *** plants sometimes can dramatically alter native habitats,but the song variation of native songbirds migrating into invaded habitats has received little *** invasion of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora in the coastal wetlands of eastern China has drastically altered the vegetation structure and some small passerines have begun to use invaded habitats to *** this study,we compared the song type prevalence and the song characteristics of male plain prinia Prinia inornata to identify differences in vocal behavior between native and invaded *** also tested for differences in vocal behavior in relation to singing perch and wind speed variation between different *** results indicated that males of plain prinia in invaded habitats sang shorter songs than those in native habitats and had a lower song *** homogeneous vegetation structure and higher wind speed in invaded habitats likely leads to males changing the traditional perched singing *** song variation may be related to the founder effect,the alteration of vegetation structure and microclimate in invaded *** finding highlights the need for better understanding the behavioral evolution of native species in the process of adapting to the invaded *** the future,experimental manipulation is needed to ascertain how the invasive plant drove these vocal behavior changes of native songbirds.

关键词： behavioral evolution biological invasion plain prinia smooth cordgrass song diversity

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Evolved to adapt： A computational approach to animal innovation and creativity

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Current Zoology 2015年第2期61卷 350-367页

作者： Oren KOLODNY Shimon EDELMAN Arnon LOTEM Department of Zoology Faculty of Life Sciences Tel-Aviv University Tel-Aviv 69978 Israel Department of Psychology Comell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA. Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA

The production of novel behavioral sequences that gives rise to animal innovation and creativity is one of the most intriguing aspects of behavioral evolution. Numerous studies have recently documented the abundance and diversity of innova- tive and creative behaviors between and within species, yet the ability to innovate or to act creatively has mainly been described and quantified as a measure of animals＇ cognitive ability without explicit reference to cognitive mechanisms that may account for these behaviors. Here we discuss the creative process from a computational point of view and suggest such a mechanistic frame- work. In light of recent research on human creativity, animal learning, and animal problem solving, we suggest that animal crea- tivity is best understood as the production of context-appropriate novel behavioral sequences, which may be facilitated by the ability to learn the regularities in the environment and to represent them hierarchically, allowing for generalization. We present a cognitive framework that we recently developed, which employs domain-general mechanisms and has been used in the modeling of a range of sequential behaviors, from animal foraging to language acquisition, and apply it to behavioral innovation. In a series of simulations, we show how innovation and creative behavior can be produced by this learning mechanism, as it constructs a network representing the statistical regularities of the environment. We use the simulations to demonstrate the role of particular cognitive parameters in this process and to highlight the effects of the learning dynamics and individual experience on creativity

关键词： Creativity Innovation evolution Learning Animal innovation behavioral evolution

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禀赋效应和自然产权的演化：一个主体基模型

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理论经济学 2019年第5期

作者：董志强李伟成

禀赋效应从何而来，又如何与自然产权协同演化，这些问题尚未获得充分研究。本文提出一个“偏好演化+个体选择”的主体基模型(agent-based model)，发现在非常广泛的参数空间内，均可涌现出稳健的禀赋效应和自然产权现象：绝大部分实验... 详细信息

禀赋效应从何而来，又如何与自然产权协同演化，这些问题尚未获得充分研究。本文提出一个“偏好演化+个体选择”的主体基模型(agent-based model)，发现在非常广泛的参数空间内，均可涌现出稳健的禀赋效应和自然产权现象：绝大部分实验世界都由具有禀赋效应的个体所占据；产权尊重是常态，战争和掠夺的概率微乎其微。这一切源于：在自然选择压力下，个体对物品或资源在拥有时主观评价过高，而在不拥有时主观评价趋近客观真实价值，这种具有禀赋效应的偏好有利于遏制其他个体对其拥有物的抢夺，因而这种看似“错误”的偏好反而改善了主体的处境，使得禀赋效应得以成功演化。本文还发现，优质资源的稀缺程度会影响禀赋效应的演化速度和水平。上述发现可为自发秩序的制度经济分析奠定更坚实的理论基础。

关键词：禀赋效应人工经济行为演化制度经济分析 Endowment Effect Artificial Economy behavioral evolution Institutional Economic Analysis

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