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beetle elytron plate and the synergistic mechanism of a trabecular-honeycomb core structure

Science China(Technological Sciences) 2019年第1期62卷 87-93页

作者： CHEN JinXiang ZHANG XiaoMing OKABE Yoji XIE Juan XU MengYe School of Civil Engineering Southeast University Department of Mechanical and Biofunctional Systems Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo

For the development of lightweight biomimetic materials, the compressive properties of the beetle elytron plate(BEP, a type of biomimetic sandwich plate inspired from beetle elytra) and the underlying mechanism thereof were investigated. With the following results:(1) The shared mechanism of trabeculae was revealed by using structural analysis. It is further predicted that a BEP with hollow trabeculae should possess enhanced compressive properties.(2) When the trabecular number(N) in a hexagonal unit of the honeycomb is less than three, the compressive strength of the BEP is rapidly increased with the increment of N. When N is over four, the deformation capacity is significantly improved because of the arising of S-type buckling deformation in the core structure of the BEP. Furthermore, the definition of the BEP is proposed combined with the biological structure of the beetle elytra.(3) When N=6 and the external diameter of trabeculae is equal to the length of honeycomb walls, the synergistic mechanism between the trabeculae and the honeycomb walls in BEPs is fully exerted. Namely, the trabecula restricts the deformation of the honeycomb walls; in turn, the honeycomb walls provide lateral support for the trabecula. This mechanism leads the core in the BEP to generate an S-type global buckling deformation producing the best compressive properties. The results will greatly impact the biomimetic field of beetle elytra and many industries in which honeycomb structure also serves as a key component.

关键词： beetle elytra beetle elytron plate sandwich structure biomimetic material compressive property

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How Could beetle＇s Elytra Support Their Own Weight during Forward Flight？

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2014年第4期11卷 529-540页

作者： Tuyen Quang Le Tien Van Truong Hieu TrungTran Soo Hyung Park Jin Hwan Ko Hoon Cheol Park Doyoung Byun Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology Ansan P. O. Box 29 425-600 South Korea Institute of High Performance Computing 1 Fusionopolis Way Singapore 138632 Singapore Department of Aerospace and Information Engineering Konkuk University Seoul South Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Advanced Technology Fusion Konkuk University Seoul South Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon South Korea

The aerodynamic role of the elytra during a beetle＇s flapping motion is not well-elucidated, although it is well-recognized that the evolution of elytra has been a key in the success of coleopteran insects due to their protective function. An experimental study on wing kinematics reveals that for almost concurrent flapping with the hind wings, the flapping angle of the elytra is 5 times smaller than that of the hind wings. Then, we explore the aerodynamic forces on elytra in free forward flight with and without an effect of elytron-hind wing interaction by three-dimensional numerical simulation. The numerical results show that vertical force generated by the elytra without interaction is not sufficient to support even its own weight. However, the elytron-hind wing interaction improves the vertical force on the elytra up to 80%; thus, the total vertical force could fully support its own weight. The interaction slightly increases the vertical force on the hind wind by 6% as well.

关键词： wing interaction elytra beetle free forward flight three-dimensional numerical simulation

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Flow Visualization of Rhinoceros beetle （Trypoxylus dichotomus） in Free Flight

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2012年第3期9卷 304-314页

作者： Tien Van Truong Tuyen Quang Le Hieu Trung Tran Hoon Cheol Parka Kwang Joon Yoon Doyoung Byun . Department of Aerospace Information Engineering Konkuk University Seoul 143-70 l Republic of Korea 2.Costal Engineering and Ocean Energy Research Department Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute 454 Haeanro Sangrok-gu Ansan 426-744 Republic of Korea Department of Advanced Technology Fusion Konkuk University Seoul 143-701 Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 440-746 Republic of Korea

Aerodynamic characteristics of the beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus, which has a pair of elytra （forewings） and flexible hind wings, are investigated. Visualization experiments were conducted for various flight conditions of a beetle, Trypoxylus di- chotomus： free, tethered, hovering, forward and climbing flights. Leading edge, trailing edge and tip vortices on both wings were observed clearly. The leading edge vortex was stable and remained on the top surface of the elytron for a wide interval during the downstroke of free forward flight. Hence, the elytron may have a considerable role in lift force generation of the beetle. In addition, we reveal a suction phenomenon between the gaps of the hind wing and the elytron in upstroke that may improve the positive lift force on the hind wing. We also found the reverse clap-fling mechanism of the T. dichotomus beetle in hovering flight. The hind wings touch together at the beginning of the upstroke. The vortex generation, shedding and interaction give a better understanding of the detailed aerodynamic mechanism of beetle flight.

关键词： beetle smoke wire visualization free flight hovering flight wing interaction elytron effect

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Endoscopic submucosal dissection for early esophageal neoplasms using the stag beetle knife

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第15期24卷 1632-1640页

作者： Toshio Kuwai Toshiki Yamaguchi Hiroki Imagawa Ryoichi Miura Yuki Sumida Takeshi Takasago Yuki Miyasako Tomoyuki Nishimura Sumio Iio Atsushi Yamaguchi Hirotaka Kouno Hiroshi Kohno Sauid Ishaq Department of Gastroenterology National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center Department of Gastroenterology DGH SGU WI Birmingham City University

AIM To determine short-and long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) using the stag beetle(SB) knife, a scissor-shaped device.METHODS Seventy consecutive patients with 96 early esophageal neoplasms, who underwent ESD using a SB knife at Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Japan, between April 2010 and August 2016, were retrospectively evaluated. Clinicopathological characteristics of lesions and procedural adverse events were assessed. Therapeutic success was evaluated on the basis of en bloc, histologically complete, and curative or non-curative resection rates. Overall and tumor-specific survival, local or distant recurrence, and 3-and 5-year cumulative overall metachronous cancer rates were also assessed.RESULTS Eligible patients had dysplasia/intraepithelial neoplasia(22%) or early cancers(squamous cell carcinoma, 78%). The median procedural time was 60 min and on average, the lesions measured 24 mm in diameter, yielding 33-mm tissue defects. The en bloc resection rate was 100%, with 95% and 81% of dissections deemed histologically complete and curative, respectively. All procedures were completed without accidental incisions/perforations or delayed bleeding. During follow-up(mean, 35 ± 23 mo), no local recurrences or metastases were observed. The 3-and 5-year survival rates were 83% and 70%, respectively, with corresponding rates of 85% and 75% for curative resections and 74% and 49% for noncurative resections. The 3-and 5-year cumulative rates of metachronous cancer in the patients with curative resections were 14% and 26%, respectively.CONCLUSION ESD procedures using the SB knife are feasible, safe, and effective for treating early esophageal neoplasms, yielding favorable short-and long-term outcomes.

关键词： Neoplasms Stag beetle knife Esophageal Endoscopic submucosal dissection Outcome measures

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Bio-inspirations for the Development of Light Materials based on the Nanomechanical Properties and Microstructures of beetle Dynastes tityus

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2019年第1期16卷 154-163页

作者： Jiyu Sun Wei Wu Zelai Song Jin Tong Shujun Zhang Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education China)Jilin UniversityChangchun 130022China School of Computing and Technology Gloucestershire UniversityCheltenham GL50 2HRUK

Dynastes tityus(D.tityus)is a typical beetle whose elytra are light and strong.The primary function of elytra is to protect beetle's hindwings.In this paper,D.tityus elytra were selected as the biological prototype for the investigation to obtain bio-inspirations for the design and development of light materials with high ratio of strength to mass.Firstly,the microstructure investigation and quasi-static nanoindentation tests have been carried out on the ten samples of the selected elytra ofD.tityus to reveal their mechanical properties and microstructures.Secondly,based on the fmdings from the microstructure investigation and nanoindentation tests,three models of bio-inspired materials have been proposed for further study to gain the deep understanding of the relationships between the special mechanical characteristics and microstructures.Then Finite Element Analysis(FEA)simulations have been performed on the three models for harvesting the bio-inspirations for the initial design of light materials.Finally,through comparative analysis of the findings from the microstructure investigation,the nanoindentation tests and the simulations,some meaningful bio-inspirations have been reaped for the future optimization of the design and development of light materials with high ratio of strength to mass.

关键词： beetle elytra bio-inspirations nano-mechanical properties microstructures light-weight materials with high strength

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A Simulation of the Flight Characteristics of the Deployable Hindwings of beetle

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2017年第2期14卷 296-306页

作者： Jiyu Sun Ruijuan Du Xiaofeng Liu Kamal Bechkoum Jin Tong Donghui Chen Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education) Jilin University Changchun 130022 China Flight Research Institute Aviation University of Air Force Changchun 130025 China School of Computing and Technology Gloucestershire University Cheltenham GL50 2HR UK

An insect is an excellent biological object for the bio-inspirations to design and develop a MAV. This paper presents the simulation study of the flight characteristics of the deployable hindwings of beetle, Dorcustitanus platymelus. A 3D geometric model of the beetle was obtained using a 3D laser scanning technique. By studying its hindwings and flight mechanism, the mathematical model of the flapping motion of its hindwings was analyzed. Then a simulation analysis was carried out to analyze and evaluate the flapping flying aerodynamic characteristics. After that, the flow of blood in the hindwing veins was studied through simulation to determine the maximum pressure on a vein surface and the minimum blood flow in flight. A number of interesting bio-inspirations were obtained. It is believed that these findings can be used for the design and development of a MAV with similar flying capabilities to a natural beetle.

关键词： flapping aerodynamic characteristics deployable hindwings beetle bio-inspiration

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Investigation of beetle species that carry the pine wood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus(Steiner and Buhrer)Nickle,in China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第4期32卷 1745-1751页

作者： Yang Wang Fengmao Chen Lichao Wang Min Li Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037People’s Republic of China Institute of Forest Protection College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037People’s Republic of China

In order to found new carriers of pine wood nematode(PWN),Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,beetles were collected from pine wilt disease-affected areas in six provinces in China.A total of 8830 beetles of 29 species was collected and examined to determine whether they were PWN carriers.Eight species were identified as carriers.Results included the first worldwide report of Monochamus uigromaculatus,Semanotus siuoauster,and Uraecha angusta being carriers of PWN,and the first report from China of A rhopalus rusticus carrying PWN.Monochamus alternatus was commonly collected in all six provinces and was the dominant species in four inland affected areas and A.rusticus was dominant in two coastal affected areas.The species varied between different neighboring regions in the same province.The distribution of the same species varied considerably over different regions.

关键词： beetle Carrier Pine wilt disease Pine wood nematode Vector

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CLINICAL STUDY ON TREATMENT OF CERVICAL SPONDYLOTIC SYNDROME WITH beetle NEEDLE

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World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion 1993年第3期3卷 18-23页

作者： Li Yutang Li Qiang, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Hospital of Jingdezhen Municipality, Jiangxi Province 333000, China

The authors treated 68 cases of cervical spondylotic syndrome with beetle nee-dle,a new needle apparatus(made by themselves)which is not inserted into the skin of the humanbody.A total of 15 sessions of treatment were given to every patient.Results showed that 56 cases(82％)were cured,7 cases(10.3％)improved and 5 cases(7.4％)invalid.Just as its name implies,the beetle is instead of acupuncture needle.All the diseases being able to be treated with acupunctureneedle could also be treated with beetle needle.In addition,the beetle needle therapy has no violentpain,is safe,effective and easy to be popularized. It also has no harm to viscerae,no cross infection,no dangers of broken needle and of failing during treatment,so,the patient needs not to be in fear.The therapy is preferable for patients to accept.

关键词： beetle needle Cervical spondylotic syndrome Acupuncture manipulations

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An Uncertain Future for American Lauraceae: A Lethal Threat from Redbay Ambrosia beetle and Laurel Wilt Disease (A Review)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第3期4卷 727-738页

作者： Paul E. Kendra Wayne S. Montgomery Jerome Niogret Nancy D. Epsky United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Subtropical Horticulture Research Station Miami USA United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Subtropical Horticulture Research Station Miami USA.

Laurel wilt is a destructive vascular disease responsible for high mortality of American tree species in the family Lauraceae, particularly redbay (Persea borbonia) and swampbay (P. palustris), two dominant components of Coastal Plain forest communities in the southeastern United States. The disease syndrome emerged as a result of establishment of an exotic wood-boring beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, now known as the redbay ambrosia beetle. During gallery excavation, females of X. glabratus introduce a newly-described, obligatory fungal symbiont, Raffaelea lauricola. This fungus proliferates within the gallery and provides food for the beetles, but it has proven to be pathogenic to American lauraceous hosts, which have had no co-evolved history with R. lauricola. Presence of the foreign fungus elicits secretion of resins and formation of extensive parenchymal tyloses within xylem vessels. The extreme defensive response results in blockage of water transport, systemic wilt, and ultimately tree death. The beetle vector was first detected near Savannah, Georgia in 2002, and since has spread throughout the Southeast to become established in six states. The epidemic spread south through Florida more rapidly than predicted and currently threatens commercial production of avocado (Persea americana). Recent research indicates that California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica) can serve as a reproductive host for X. glabratus and is susceptible to laurel wilt disease. Thus, the US Pacific coastal forest ecosystems (and the California avocado industry) would be negatively impacted should the vector become established along the western coast. This review article summarizes our current understanding of the insect vector, the mycopathogen, and the susceptible host tree species. It also addresses elements of disease management and limitations with our current detection methods for redbay ambrosia beetle, which rely on manuka oil lures. Of the host-based attractants evaluated, cubeb oil shows the most promise as a potential new

关键词： Laurel Wilt Lauraceae Raffaelea lauricola Redbay Ambrosia beetle Xyleborus glabratus

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The Discovery of a Green Wood beetle Diastocera trifasciata(Coleoptera:Lamiinae)on Mango Tree in South Sudan

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2020年第4期10卷 191-199页

作者： Sampson A-Koi Binyason Simon Demaya Baka Philip Wani Marchelo Jebedayo Simon Duku Betty Achan Ogwaro Department of Crop Protection College of AgricultureDr.John Garang Memorial University of Science and TechnologyRepublic of South Sudan Department of Agricultural Science College of Natural Resources and Environmental StudiesUniversity of JubaRepublic of South Sudan Faculty of Science and Technology University of WolverhamptonWest MidlandsUK

The green wood insect beetle which was later identified as Diastocera trifasciata((Fabricius)-tribus Ceropplesini,Coleoptera:Lamiinae)was found on September 18,2015,girdling a mango twig at Dr.John Garang Memorial University of Science and Technology(Dr.JG-MUST)campus,Bor county,Jonglei state,Republic of South Sudan.The beetle D.trifasciata attacks young vigorous growing mango branches of more than 20-35 mm circumferences.Severely cut branches dried up and broken away especially when there was a strong blowing wind or just remained dry,hung on the tree.Although this incidence may seem not to pose a significant economic threat at the moment,the authors keenly advocate for proactive pest surveillances,monitoring and evaluating its spread,impact damage level caused on mango plants in most areas of high mango productivity and developing control strategy that will prevent further devastations of mango trees,guarantee high fruit yields and ensure food security in South Sudan.

关键词： Analeptes trifasciata beetle Diastocera trifasciata mango South Sudan.

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