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A numerical simulation study on mechanical behaviour of coal with bedding planes under coupled static and dynamic load

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第5期28卷 791-797页

作者： Lihai Tan Ting Ren Xiaohan Yang Xueqiu He School of Civil Mining and Environmental Engineering University of Wollongong School of Resources and Safety Engineering Central South University School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Science and TechnologyBeijing

To investigate the bedding influence on coal mechanical behaviour in underground environments such as coal or rock burst, simulations of dynamic SHPB tests of pre-stressed coal specimens with different bedding angles were carried out using a particle flow code 2-dimensional(PFC2D). Three impact velocities of 4, 8 and 12 m/s were selected to study dynamic behaviours of coal containing bedding planes under different dynamic loads. The simulation results showed that the existence of bedding planes leads to the degradation of the mechanical properties and their weakening effect significantly depends on the angle h between the bedding planes and load direction. With h increaseing from 0° to 90°, the strength first decreased and subsequently increased and specimens became most vulnerable when h was 30° or 45°.Five failure modes were observed in the specimens in the context of macro-cracks. Furthermore, energy characteristics combined with ultimate failure patterns revealed that maximum accumulated energy and failure intensity have a positive relation with the strength of specimen. When bedding planes were parallel or perpendicular to loading direction, specimens absorbed more energy and experienced more violent failure with increased number of cracks. In contrast, bedding planes with h of 30° or 45° reduced the specimens' ability of storing strain energy to the lowest with fewer cracks observed after failure.

关键词： Static–dynamic coupled loads SHPB Coal bedding angle Strain energy PFC2D

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The influences of perforating phase and bedding planes on the fracture deflection in laminated shale

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1221-1230页

作者： Ming-Zhe Gu Mao Sheng Xiao-Ying Zhuang Xin-Yi Li Gen-Sheng Li National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China College of Petroleum Engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China College of Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China

The perforating phase leads to complex and diverse hydraulic fracture propagation behaviors in laminated shale formations. In this paper, a 2D high-speed imaging scheme which can capture the interaction between perforating phase and natural shale bedding planes was proposed. The phase field method was used to simulate the same conditions as in the experiment for verification and hydraulic fracture propagation mechanism under the competition of perforating phase and bedding planes was *** results indicate that the bedding planes appear to be no influence on fracture propagation while the perforating phase is perpendicular to the bedding planes, and the fracture propagates along the perforating phase without deflection. When the perforating phase algins with the bedding planes, the fracture initiation pressure reserves the lowest value, and no deflection occurs during fracture propagation. When the perforating phase is the angle 45°, 60°and 75°of bedding planes, the bedding planes begin to play a key role on the fracture deflection. The maximum deflection degree is reached at the perforating phase of75°. Numerical simulation provides evidence that the existence of shale bedding planes is not exactly equivalent to anisotropy for fracture propagation and the difference of mechanical properties between different shale layers is the fundamental reason for fracture deflection. The findings help to understand the intrinsic characteristics of shale and provide a theoretical basis for the optimization design of field perforation parameters.

关键词： Shale Propagation Perforating bedding Structure

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Directivity effect of unloading bedding coal induced fracture evolution and its application

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第5期27卷 825-829页

作者： Pan Rongkun Fu Dong Yu Minggao Chen Lei Department of Safety&Science Engineering Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454003China The Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Safety Production of Henan Province Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454003China Henan Key Laboratory of Prevention and Cure of Mine Methane&Fires Jiaozuo 45403China State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

In the coal mining process, the gas contained in the coalbed is one source of the most serious accident hazards. Stress releasing from the coal deposit is the main controlling factor that leads to such *** on the bedding of coal samples, the gas permeability well describes the evolution of fracture, so the paper carries out research on the permeability properties of coal under different unloading *** research obtains that when the stress unloading direction is perpendicular to bedding, more penetrating fractures and bedding fractures occur, and the permeability significantly increases. Although the axial stress reduced, the confining pressure makes the permeability of the bedding plane fracture exist under constant. The permeability obtained when the unloading direction was perpendicular to the bedding is 52 times larger than that when it is parallel to the bedding. The results show that the efficiency of gas drainage is impacted by the relative direction of gas drainage drilling in relation to the bedding orientations. The maximum amount of gas extraction when drilling is perpendicular to the bedding is 1.3 times than that when drilling is oblique to the bedding, and 1.75 times than that when drilling is parallel to the bedding.

关键词： Unloading direction bedding structure Gas permeability Fracture evolution

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Effect of impulse and bedding on impact toughness of coal

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Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China) 2008年第4期14卷 628-630页

作者：于永江王来贵李建新 College of Safety Science and Engineering Liaoning Technical UniversityFuxin 123000China

In order to understand the properties of impact toughness of coal at different impact speeds,and the change of impact toughness of lump coal to joint directivity of lump coal,a series of impact tests were conducted on Beijing Da'anshan Lump Coal at different impact speeds and in different impact *** analyzing the test result,it is shown that the change of testing samples is similar when impact is exerted on the vertical bedding and the parallel bedding when the impulse is less than 20 N.s,and the difference increases with the impulse increasing when the impulse is more than 20 N·*** the same time,the expanding energy of fracture in samples increases with its expanding speed,and the expanding energy of fracture has close relation with the impact direction of the tested *** the difference of impact toughness of lump coal produced by different im- pact direction increase with the impact *** fracture surface of lump coal when im- pact is exerted on the vertical bedding is smooth and the broken block number is fewer; but the fracture surface of lump coal when impact is exerted on the parallel bedding isn't smooth and the broken block number is more,which inflects impact toughness of coal is sensitive to some deficiency.

关键词： bedding impact toughness impact speed fracture surface

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Influence of bedding and Mineral Composition on Mechanical Properties and Its Implication for Hydraulic Fracturing of Shale Oil Reservoirs

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Earthquake Research in China 2020年第2期34卷 167-186页

作者： WANG Xiaoqiong XU Jianguo ZHAO Chenxu LIU Tongyuan GE Hongkui SHEN Yinghao WU Shan YU Jiayao HUANG Rongyan State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China The Unconventional Oil and Gas Institute China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China Research Institute of Oil and Gas Engineering PetroChina Jilin Oil and Gas Field CompanySongyuan 138001China

The premise of hydraulic fracturing is to have an accurate and detailed understanding of the rock mechanical properties and fracture propagation law of shale reservoirs. In this paper,a comprehensive evaluation of the mechanical properties of the shale oil reservoir in the south of Songliao Basin is carried out. Based on the experiments and the in-situ stress analysis, the fracture propagation law of three types of shale reservoirs is obtained,and the suggestions for fracturing are put forward. The results have shown that the fracture propagation of pure shale and low mature reservoir is easy to open along the bedding plane under compression loading,which is greatly influenced by the bedding. Sand-bearing shale is slightly better,the fractures of which are not easy to open along the bedding plane. The mechanical experimental results show that all the samples have the characteristics of low compressive strength,low Young’s modulus and strong anisotropy,indicating that the shale oil reservoir is certain plastic,which is related to its high clay mineral content and controlled by the bedding development. Compared with pure shale and low mature shale,the sandbearing shale has less clay content and less developed bedding,which maybe the main reason for its slightly better brittleness. Overall,the expansion of hydraulic fracture is controlled by in-situ stress and bedding. Because of the development of bedding,it is easy to form horizontal fractures. Thus it is not suitable for horizontal well *** of the high content of clay minerals,the applicability of conventional slick hydraulic fracturing fluid is poor. It is suggested to use vertical well or directional well to carry out volume fracturing. In this way,the effect of bedding can be effectively used to open and connect the bedding and form a larger fracture network.

关键词： Shale reservoir Mechanical properties Fracture Hydraulic fracturing Horizontal well bedding

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Modeling shale with consideration of bedding planes by cohesive finite element method

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2019年第6期9卷 397-402页

作者： Chunfang Li Zhennan Zhang School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Civil Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Shale contains distributed directional bedding planes,which make the shale transverse *** model shale with consideration of the bedding planes,a cohesive finite element method(CFEM)is developed based on the randomized triangular *** interface orientation generated from such mesh tends to be uniformly distributed with the element number *** represent the bedding plane,the interfaces aligned with the bedding plane are assigned the cohesive law that characterizes the bedding plane while the other interfaces are assigned the cohesive law that characterizes the *** this means,the anisotropy characteristics of the stiffness and the strength of shale are well *** simulation examples demonstrate that the bedding plane has a significant influence on the fracture trajectory,which is consistent with the observation in the *** is suggested that this modeling method of shale is *** provides an alternative approach to fracture simulation in shale.

关键词： Shale bedding plane Cohesive finite element Transverse isotropy Fracture simulation

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RESEARCH ON DISPLACEMENT CRITERION OF STRUCTURAL DEFORMATION AND FAILURE FOR bedding ROCK SLOPE

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Scientia Geologica Sinica 1998年第2期 78-84页

作者： Wang Zhiyin Xi′an Mining Institute, Xi′an Yang Zhifa Institute of geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 Li Yunpeng Xi′an Mining Institute, Xi′an

１．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｂｅｄｄｉｎｇｓｌｏｐｅｓｏｆｒｏｃｋｍａｓｓ，ｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌｐｌａｎｅｏｆｓｌｏｐｅｆｏｏｔｉｓｎ′ｔｆｒｅｅ，ｔｈｅｒｏｃｋｍａｓｆａｉｌｕｒｅｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓ... 详细信息

１．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｂｅｄｄｉｎｇｓｌｏｐｅｓｏｆｒｏｃｋｍａｓｓ，ｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌｐｌａｎｅｏｆｓｌｏｐｅｆｏｏｔｉｓｎ′ｔｆｒｅｅ，ｔｈｅｒｏｃｋｍａｓｆａｉｌｕｒｅｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓｃｏｌａｐｓｅ．Ｔｈｅｃｏｌａｐｓ...

关键词： ROCK SLOPE FAILURE ON RESEARCH DISPLACEMENT bedding AND

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ON THE MECHANISM OF bedding SCHISTOSITY

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1982年第2期27卷 186-190页

作者：蔡学林石绍清 Chengdu College of Geology

Schistosity is a kind of commonly-found foliation structure, characteristic of and widely distributed over tbe regional metamorphic rock series. Geologists have long paid attention to it and held different opinions on bedding schistosity. Some suggest the schistosity formed parallel to the bedding surface be called bedding schistosity. Others insist that bedding schistosity is a kind of axial plane schistosity on the flanks of folds. We have studied the schistosity of the metamorphic rock series in

关键词： bedding metamorphic rock folds quartz insist gentle folding strata latter

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Serviceability analysis of deep underground openings driven in jointed-rock

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第6期27卷 1019-1024页

作者： Abdellah Wael R. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering University of Assiut Assiut 71515 Egypt

The performance of underground excavations is inevitably influenced by rock mass characteristics, presence of joints and their geometrical properties, depth below surface and state of in-situ stress field. The objective of this paper is to investigate the behaviour of deep underground tunnel opening existed between two bedding planes, Such planes weaken the strength of rock mass and may cause rock slippage/rotation along them. Therefore, the state of stress-displacement, after tunnel opening has been introduced, is examined using two-dimensional elasto-plastic finite-elements code, RS^(2D). The results indicate that, there is significant drop in the normal stress along joints over tunnel opening; slip occurs due to reversal in the direction of shear stress(e.g., inward shear displacement is produced) and there is discontinuity in the strength contours of rock surrounding tunnel after they have been intersected by bedding planes.

关键词： State of stress-displacement bedding planes Tunnel performance Depth of failure zones Stability analysis

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Comparative New Insight into the Tectonic Origin of Folds and Thrust Faults of an Extensional Basin: Soke-Kusadasi Basin, Aegean, Western Turkey

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Journal of Earth Science 2020年第3期31卷 582-595页

作者： Bulent Dogan Department of Geological Engineering Engineering FacultyUniversity of KocaeliUmuttepe CampusIzmit-Kocaeli 41001Turkey

The Aegean area of the western Anatolian region of Turkey,controlled by the low-angle detachment normal fault system,forms an extensional province,the West Anatolian Extensional Province(WAEP).The tectonic deformation which occurred in the Miocene Period,including the Plio–Quaternary Period has created different structures in both the basement rocks and intra-basin deposits of the *** of these structures,high-angle normal faults,controls the supradetachment Soke-Kusadasi Basin(SKB).Within this basin,there are folds with different axes and thrust faults with a north-northwestnortheast(N,NW,NE)*** folds and thrust faults in the SKB deformed the sedimentary structures of intra-basin *** folds and thrust faults,which caused the rotation of beddings and imbrications in the SKB,are mainly associated with the tectonic process of the low angle detachment normal fault,which affected the SKB and the Aegean part of western *** the SKB,during the process of extensional deformation associated with primary low angle detachment normal faulting,the ramp-flat and inversion geometry observed in the basement rocks and basin deposits of the crust caused folds and thrust faults in only intra-basin *** the WAEP,it is determined for the first time that the folds and thrust faults causing limited shortening deformed the Plio–Quaternary sediments.

关键词： low angle detachment normal fault high angle normal fault fold thrust fault bedding extensional supradetachment basin

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