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bedform development and its effect on bed stabilization and sediment transport based on a flume experiment with non-uniform sediment

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2017年第3期32卷 305-312页

作者： Su-Chin Chen Chia-Ning Yang Ching-Ying Tsou Department of Soil and Water Conservation National Chung Hsing University Sinotech Engineering Consultants LTD. Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science Hirosaki University

Non-uniform sediment deposited in a confined, steep mountain channel can alter the bed surface composition. This study evaluates the contribution of geometric and resistance parameters to bed stabilization and the reduction in sediment transport. Flume experiments were done under various hydraulic conditions with non-uniform bed material and no sediment supply from upstream. Results indicate that flume channels respond in a sequence of coarsening and with the formation of bedformroughness features such as rapids, cascades, and steps. A bedform development coefficient is introduced and is shown to increase(i.e. vertical sinuosity develops) in response to increasing shear stress during the organization process. The bedform development coefficient also is positively correlated with the critical Shields number and Manning’s roughness coefficient, suggesting the evolution of flow resistance with increasing bedform development. The sediment transport rate decreases with increasing bed shear stress and bedform development, further illustrating the effect of bed stabilization. An empirical sediment transport model for an equilibrium condition is proposed that uses the bedform development coefficient, relative particle submergence(i.e. the ratio of mean water depth and maximum sediment diameter), modified bed slope, and discharge. The model suggests bedform development can play a primary role in reducing sediment transport(increasing bed stabilization). The model is an extension of Lane’s(1955) relation specifically adapted for mountain streams. These results explain the significance of bedform development in heightening flow resistance, stabilizing the bed, and reducing sediment transport in coarse, steep channels.

关键词： bedform development bed stabilization Sediment transport Non-uniform bed

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CHANNEL EROSION DAMAGES AND PROTECTION MEASURES IN SOUTHEAST ARIZONA

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International Journal of Sediment Research 1999年第2期14卷 19-24页

作者： Fazle KARIM (Pima County Dept. of Transportation and Flood Control, Flood Control Engr. Division, 201 N. Stone Avenue, Tucson. Arizona 85701. USA)

Channel morphology of the ephemeral streams in Southeast Arizona is influenced by both lateral and vertical channel changes occurring during major floods. The recent floods in the area have caused a variety of erosion hazards including bank erosion, channel migration, bed degradation. and excessive scour at bridge abutments and piers. The floods of 1983 and 1993 were comparable in terms of peak discharge and duration, but the estimated total damage during the 1993 flood was much lower (about 14%), because of extensive soil cement bank protection constructed along the major rivers after the 1983 flood. The performance of the soil cement bank and bed stabilization during the 1993 flood (protected banks were generally unaffected by flood flows) thus demonstrates the effectiveness of soil cement as the materials for erosion protection measures in ephemeral streams. Advantages of soil cement protection are its ease of construction. low cost, use of in-place soil and environmental attractiveness because of its natural appearance. A new approach for protection against bank erosion and channel migration, using flexible spurs consisting of a series of pile-supported permeable panels of synthetic nets, is described.

关键词： Channel erosion Soil cement protection bed stabilization

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