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Geography matters to disability: regional disparity of bathing difficulty among older adults in China

China Population and Development Studies 2021年第6期5卷 312-331页

作者： Jasmon W.T.Hoh Qiushi Feng Department of Sociology National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Centre for Family and Population Research(CFPR) National University of SingaporeAS104-30Arts LinkSingapore 117570Singapore

bathing is a major type of disability among older *** studies on bath-ing difficulties have recently started to go beyond the limitations of the human body to examine bathroom amenities;researchers have rarely considered the environment beyond the *** study explored the regional disparities in bathing disabil-ity among older adults in *** data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 1998 to 2018,random-effects logistic regressions were per-formed to examine how bathing difficulties differed across regions among older adults in *** found that older adults residing in the northern regions were significantly more likely to experience bathing disability compared to those from the South after controlling for confounding *** and the oldest-old were also the most likely to experience bathing *** the Northern regions itself,individuals from the Northeast stood out for having the highest likelihood of experiencing bathing ***,this regional disparity only existed for bathing disability and not the other Activities of Daily Living(ADL)*** is concluded that the large regional disparity could be due to both climate differences and uneven economic development across the different regions in *** bath-ing is a highly environment-dependent activity,this study highlights the potential for policy interventions to reduce the prevalence of bathing disability among older adults through improving the bathing ***,we aim to put forth the notion that disability research should move towards analyses of specific disabil-ity items rather than an undifferentiated ADL index.

关键词： ADL China Older adults bathing Region Environment

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Traditional Japanese Style bathing May Contribute to Good Health and Longevity

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Health 2016年第8期8卷 756-763页

作者： Mayumi Watanabe Shigeharu Koboshi Hiroshi Yoshimoto Kazuhiro Kobayashi Chikako Tomiyama Toru Abo Department of Medical Informatics Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital Niigata Japan Hot Album Tansansen Tablet Inc. Hachiouji Japan Department of Medical Technology Graduate School of Health Sciences Niigata University Niigata Japan Toru Abo Research Centre Niigata Japan

The objective of this study was to determine how traditional Japanese style bathing could promote good health. Using healthy volunteers, we assessed body temperature (core and cutaneous), red blood cells, white blood cells (WBCs), venous blood gas parameters (PO2, SO2, PCO2, TCO2, HCO3, and pH), weight loss (which may indicate sweat volume), and the time until sweating before and after bathing. We simultaneously conducted a double-blind clinical trial using a bath additive group and a control group to investigate the effect of a bath additive on the same parameters. We found that bathing increased the core and cutaneous body temperature, as well as PO2, SO2, and blood pH. All of the subjects also showed increases in heart rate and weight loss (sweat volume). After bathing, the number and ratio of granulocytes increased while the number and ratio of lymphocytes decreased. These results tended to be emphasized in the bath additive group;however, significant between-group differences were not detected. Our results indicated that bathing improved blood circulation and had a modulatory effect on the autonomic nervous system. This suggested that traditional Japanese style bathing might contribute to good health and longevity;however, additional larger-scale studies were needed to confirm or refute this conclusion.

关键词： Body Temperature bathing Bath Additive Blood Gas Heart Rate Sweat

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A Change in bathing Style May Improve Mental Fitness

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Health 2015年第2期7卷 270-278页

作者： Takaaki Kubo Tomonori Yasuda Yoshihisa Masumitsu Yoshihiro Iwashita Satoshi Watanabe Taichi Ishizawa Mitsuo Tsunakawa Shingo Yano Junichi Iimaya Department of Rehabilitation Faculty of Health Sciences Kumamoto Health Science University Kumamoto Japan Products Development Department Bathclin Corporation Ibaraki Japan

Frequent bathtub bathing (BB) improves the mental health of middle-aged and older Japanese in-dividuals. This study investigated the chronic mental health effects of BB, maintaining warmth using an insulating sheet and sleeping bag after bathtub bathing (BBW), and bathtub bathing with herbal extracts (BBH) in healthy young adults. The study involved healthy young adults who habitually showered, as opposed to bathing. In the first experiment, 18 participants were randomly assigned to either the BB or BBW groups for 14 consecutive nights. After a 2-week washout period, the participants were asked to switch their bathing styles (a cross-over design). In the second experiment, 20 participants were randomly assigned to the BB or BBH group. The herbal extracts for the BBH group contained angelicae radix, aurantii nobilis pericarpium, chamomile, and zingiberis rhizoma. After a 2-week washout period, these participants also switched to the other bathing style. The participants’ mental conditions pre- and post-intervention were assessed using the Profile of Mood States-Brief Form questionnaire, Japanese version, and were statistically analyzed. The participants’ Anger-Hostility score converged to an average (50 points) in the post-BBW and post-BBH participants, and there were no significant differences in BB. The Confusion change rate was significantly different in the first experiment (BB versus BBW). The Depression-Dejection and Fatigue change rates were significantly different in the second experiment (BB versus BBH). Our findings suggest that changing bathing style from showering to BBW or BBH improves the POMS Anger-Hostility scores of healthy young adults.

关键词： Bathtub bathing Warmth Herbal Extracts Mental Fitness Healthy Young Adults

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Hemodynamic Response during Japanese-Style bathing in Elderly Disabled Subjects

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Health 2014年第21期6卷 2999-3004页

作者： Naomi Iwane Takuzo Hano Yumi Koike Kanami Nishihara Medical Education and Population-Based Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Wakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan School of Health and Nursing Science Wakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan Department of Rehabilitation Wakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan

Aims: bathing in deep, Japanese-style bathtubs is associated with high rates of sudden death in the elderly in Japan. The predominant causes of death in such cases are cardiovascular events and drowning. Blood pressure changes induced by water pressure and high temperature during bathing may be an important cause of these accidents. Therefore, we investigated the changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation (SpO2) before and after bathing in elderly Japanese individuals. Methods: Forty-eight elderly (average age, 86.4 ± 7.5 years) persons were enrolled in this study. Results: Changes in systolic blood pressure after bathing correlated negatively with baseline blood pressure before bathing, and participants with baseline systolic blood pressures of bathing. Pulse rate was significantly increased after bathing, and the change in pulse rate correlated negatively with the baseline values. SpO2 did not differ significantly during bathing, but changes in SpO2 correlated negatively with baseline values. Lean participants showed a more marked elevation of SpO2, and those with hypertension showed reduced SpO2. Conclusion: These data suggest that the disabled elderly with low blood pressure experience trends in cardiovascular response during bathing which differ from those of young persons.

关键词： Elderly Blood Pressure Heart Rate SpO2 bathing Japanese-Style Bathtub

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A Survey of Dangers Experienced by Mothers and Families of Infants Aged 3 - 4 Months during Ablution and bathing

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Health 2021年第11期13卷 1242-1269页

作者： Sachi Chikazawa Ayako Sasaki Faculty of Nursing School of Nursing Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Osaka Japan Doctoral Program Graduate School of Nursing Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Osaka Japan

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the dangers experienced by mothers and families of infants aged 3 - 4 months in Japan during ablution and bathing. Method: We distributed an anonymous, self-reported questionnaire at infants’ 3 - 4-month health checkup, which was collected via postal service. 170 valid responses were received and formed our sample data. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed for each category surveyed. Inferential statistics were used to compare the dangerous incidents experienced with regard to differences between primi/multipara and the presence/absence of guidance concerning such incidents. This study was approved by the research ethics committees of the affiliated university. Results: 60.0% of mothers and families experienced dangers while washing their infant in a baby tub or similar apparatus (ablution), and 64.9% did while bathing their infant in the normal bath. For ablution, the most common dangers were, in order, nearly dropping the infant in the water and nearly getting soap suds in the mouth. For bathing, these were nearly getting soap suds in the mouth, near submersion of the face, and nearly dropping the infant in the water. The percentage of mothers and families who did not receive instruction regarding potential dangers and their prevention was 55.9% for ablution and 81.8% for bathing. Conclusion: This study revealed the dangers experienced by mothers and families of infants aged 3 - 4 months in Japan during ablution and bathing. Further consideration into the prevention of these dangers is necessary.

关键词： Ablution bathing Incidents Experience Infants

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Examination of the Appropriateness of Teaching Materials for Preventing Dangers during Ablution and bathing of Infants by Mothers and Family Members

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Health 2023年第2期15卷 186-214页

作者： Sachi Chikazawa Ayako Sasaki Department of Nursing Faculty of Nursing Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Takatsuki Japan

Purpose: This study aimed to develop teaching materials to prevent the dangers of ablution and bathing infants, based on the dangerous experiences of mothers and family members, and examine their appropriateness. Methods: A total of 20 midwives and public health nurses were selected as participants. Teaching materials and anonymous self-administered questionnaires were distributed, and the participants were asked to view the teaching materials and fill in the questionnaires. Retrieval was done by mail. The teaching materials included digital content, such as videos, sounds, and characters, which incorporated dangerous situations, preventions, and innovations in ablution and bathing procedures. The analysis was conducted by simple tabulation for each survey item. The free description was coded to preserve anonymity. This study was conducted with the approval of the Research Ethics Review Board of the authors’ affiliated university. Results: The teaching materials were found to be appropriate in terms of suitability to purpose, degree of difficulty of content, ease of viewing the videos, validity of time, appropriateness of expression, and usability. Conclusions: Ablution teaching materials that are used at the present time do not focus on dangers, and to date, no resources on bathing have been used as teaching materials. The created teaching materials in this study can be viewed multiple times, and mothers and family members who are unfamiliar with ablution and bathing can acquire knowledge regarding dangers and danger prevention. The addition of specific preventive measures and countermeasures for the occurrence of danger, along with practice, would result in the development of further appropriate teaching materials to reduce danger and alleviate anxiety.

关键词： Ablution bathing Danger Teaching Material Appropriateness

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夏日清洁大作战 Dog bathing

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宠物世界 2019年第6期 28-31页

作者：十五 DAKA(摄) 不详

炎热的夏天已经到来,是时候拥抱干净清爽的爱犬了.喜欢玩水吗?那就一起来洗澡吧.*所有产品标示价格均为参考价,仅供参考。多久洗一次狗狗皮脂腺散发出的独特味道,通常都会让爱干净的铲屎官难以忍受,那么如何根据狗狗的体形,选择合适的... 详细信息

炎热的夏天已经到来,是时候拥抱干净清爽的爱犬了.喜欢玩水吗?那就一起来洗澡吧.*所有产品标示价格均为参考价,仅供参考。多久洗一次狗狗皮脂腺散发出的独特味道,通常都会让爱干净的铲屎官难以忍受,那么如何根据狗狗的体形,选择合适的洗澡频率呢?通常来讲,小型犬每隔7到10天一次,中大型犬则每隔两周一次最佳。或者根据被毛的长度,短毛犬7到10天一次,长毛犬10到15天一次。

关键词： Dog bathing

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Efficient Body-Transfer Wheelchair for Assisting Functionally Impaired People

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 4881-4900页

作者： Chyi-Yeu Lin Bahrudin Salman Masroor Department of Mechanical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and TechnologyTaipei106TaiwanChina Center for Cyber-Physical Systems National Taiwan University of Science and TechnologyTaipei106TaiwanChina Taiwan Building Technology Center National Taiwan University of Science and TechnologyTaipei106TaiwanChina

Functionally impaired people always have difficulty accomplishing activities of daily *** this regard,tasks including toileting and bathing have a higher prevalence rate of injuries and greater risk of *** this study,a body-transfer wheelchair was developed to assist people in transferring from bed to wheelchair for bathing,and *** bodytransfer wheelchair is a semi-automatic wheelchair that has features such as a controlled leg and backrest,linkage commode slot,and height *** wheelchair consists of a seat and a main frame that can be detached to enable bathtub *** mechanism lets the user stay on the seat while being transferred into the bathtub without any risk of falling.A linkage mechanism was developed as a part of the seat for ease of *** and force analysis was conducted to calculate the force required for each *** has been proved by the experimental results that the wheelchair can securely and comfortably transfer a patient from the bed to the toilet or bathtub.A survey has been conducted to evaluate the wheelchair prototype design *** focus groups were chosen:one comprised of functionally impaired people,and the other comprised of *** results of the survey show that 60%of both functionally impaired people and caregivers would like to use the body-transfer wheelchair for toileting and bathing ***,on average 65%of both focus groups find it convenient to operate the body-transfer wheelchair independently.

关键词： Wheelchair functionally-impaired people toileting bathing bodytransfer

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Effects of dry and mist saunas on circulatory and thermoregulatory functions in humans

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Health 2013年第2期5卷 267-273页

作者： Satoshi Iwase Yuko Kawahara Naoki Nishimura Hiroki Takada Mayumi Nagata Yuki Niimi Chihiro Miwa Aichi Medical College for Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Kiyosu Japan Department of Human & Artificial Intelligent Systems Graduate School of Engineering University of Fukui Fukui Japan Department of Neurology Tsushima Municipal Hospital Tsushima Japan Department of Physiology Aichi Medical University Nagakute Japan Group of Home Systems & Appliance R&D Department of Home Systems & Appliance Sales Toho Gas Co. Ltd. Nagoya Japan Plumbing Fixtures Technology Research Institute Kitchen & Plumbing Fixtures Company LIXIL Corporation Tokoname Japan

To test the hypothesis that mist sauna is a safer way of bathing than dry sauna, we compared changes in circulatory and thermoregulatory functions during 10 min sauna bathing in mist sauna at 40℃ with relative humidity of 100%, and in dry sauna by infrared ray at 70℃ with relative humidity of 15%. Subjects were seven healthy young men aged 29 ± 6 yrs (mean ± SD). We measured blood pressure, heart rate, skin temperatures at chest, forearm, thigh, and leg, tympanic temperature (Tty) by thermistors, skin blood flow at forearm by laser Doppler flowmetry, and sweat rate by ventilated capsule method at 1 min intervals throughout the experiment. Total sweating and change of hematocrit were also measured for dehydration analysis. Blood pressure was elevated more and changes in heart rate and total sweating were larger in dry sauna than mist. A significant hematocrit increase was observed in dry sauna bathing only. Mean skin temperature and Tty in dry sauna were elevated higher than those in mist. Heat stress of the dry sauna may be stronger than that of the mist, leading to dehydration and hypovolemia by sweating. Percent plasma volume loss was significantly larger in the dry than mist sauna. Changes in skin blood flow and sweat rate/Tty during mist sauna were significantly larger than those during dry sauna bathing despite heat stress of the mist sauna. The mist sauna bathing may thus be safer physiologically, and provide more effective vascular dilatation and sweating than the dry sauna bathing.

关键词： Sauna bathing Mist Sauna Dry Sauna Heat Stress Hemodynamic Change Thermoregulatory Function

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