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The correlation between nitrogen species in coke and NO_x formation during regeneration

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016年第5期24卷 606-611页

作者： Teng Li Chaohe Yang Xiaobo Chen Libo Yao Wei Liang Xuemei Ding State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum

nitrogen oxides （NOx） emission during the regeneration ofcoked fluid catalytic cracking （FCC） catalysts is an en- vironmental issue. In order to identify the correlations between nitrogen species in coke and different nitrogen- containing products in tail gas, three coked catalysts with multilayer structural coke molecules were prepared in a fixed bed with model compounds （o-xylene and quinoline） at first. A series of characterization methods were used to analyze coke, including elemental analysis, FT-IR, XPS, and TG-MS. XPS characterization indicates all coked catalysts present two types of nitrogen species and the type with a higher binding energy is related with the inner part nitrogen atoms interacting with acid sites. Due to the stronger adsorption ability on acid sites for basic nitrogen compounds, the multilayer structural coke has unbalanced distribution of carbon and ni- trogen atoms between the inner part and the outer edge, which strongly affects gas product formation. At the early stage of regeneration, oxidation starts from the outer edge and the product NO can be reduced to N2 in high CO concentration. At the later stage, the inner part rich in nitrogen begins to be exposed to 02. At this period, the formation of CO decreases due to lack of carbon atoms, which is not beneficial to the reduction of NO. There- fore, nitrogen species in the inner part of multilayer structural coke contributes more to NOx formation. Based on the multilayer structure model of coke molecule and its oxidation behavior, a possible strategy to control NOx emission was discussed merely from concept.

关键词： NOx basic nitrogen compounds FCC catalyst Coking Reaction Multilayer

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Color stability of FCC gasoline

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Petroleum Science 2012年第2期9卷 257-261页

作者： Song Lechun Li Peibo Lu Liang Chen Jihai Zhou Yulu Xiang Yuzhi Xia Daohong State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of PetroleumQingdaoShangdong 266580China

The color changes of one representative FCC gasoline were studied. The red substance in the FCC gasoline was concentrated and separated by chromatography and analyzed by elemental analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The main components of the red substance were found to be aromatic amines. Complexes formed from quinones and aromatic amines are the reason why gasoline being red, and acids can destroy the complex by reaction with aromatic amines leading to decoloration of red gasoline. A mechanism for the color change of gasoline is proposed.

关键词： Gasoline color stability phenol basic nitrogen compounds

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