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Teaching of pharmacology in Universiti Malaya and the other medical schools in Malaysia - a historical perspective

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第9期25卷 107-117页

作者： Si Mui SIM 50603 Kuala Lumpur Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Malaysia University of Malaya

Traditional pharmacology teaching has focused more on drug instead of therapeutics, such that although pharmacological knowledge is acquired, practical skills in prescribing remain weak. In Malaysia many new medical schools (both public and private) have been set up in the last 12 years due to a change in government policy, resulting in a wide spectrum of medical curricula. Universiti Malaya (UM) being the oldest medical school in

关键词： pharmacology teaching basic sciences Malaysian medical schools integrated curriculum problem-based learning

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Flexner has fallen:Transitions in medical education system across time,a gradual return to pre-Flexnerian state(de-Flexnerization)

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第21期11卷 4966-4974页

作者： Nasser A N Alzerwi Department of Surgery Majmaah UniversityMajmaah 11952RiyadhSaudi Arabia

The modern medical education system has gradually evolved starting from 1910 incorporating the suggestions by Abraham Flexner,his public disclosure of the poor conditions at many medical schools provided a means to galvanize all the constituencies needed for reform to *** could say what other reformers could not,due to their links to the medical education *** now we are again going back to a pre-Flexnerian state due to multiple reasons such as gradually diminishing importance of basic science subjects for the students,the decline in the number and quality of investigator initiated research among clinical researchers,lesser emphasis to bedside training by means of detailed clinical examination and making appropriate observation of signs to reach to a diagnosis rather than over reliance on the laboratory tests and radiological modalities for the diagnosis,poor exposure to basic clinical skills starting from college throughout residency and the trend of disrespect and absenteeism from both theoretical and clinical/practical *** attitude of students is just to complete their required attendance so that they are not barred from appearing in *** de-Flexnerization trend and regression to pre-Flexnerian era standards,ideologies,structures,processes,and attitudes,are bound to beget pre-Flexnerian outcomes,for you get what you designed for.

关键词： Flexner era Medical education system Outcome based curriculum basic sciences Early clinical exposure

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Nervous System 1 Har/Cdr

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丛书名： Cambridge Illustrated Surgical Pathology

2009年

作者： Hannes Vogel

ISBN: (纸本)9780521881616

Nervous System is the new atlas-oriented resource in central nervous system pathology. As the fourth book in the Cambridge Illustrated Surgical Pathology series it is the most comprehensive text of methods utilized by pathologists to accurately diagnose diseases affecting the brain, meninges, and spinal cord. The book is a richly illustrated guide to surgical neuropathology, including all primary brain tumors as well as others arising near the nervous system that are also within the scope of neurosurgical practice. Numerous neuroimaging examples are provided to underscore the importance of knowing the basics of radiographic studies in accurately diagnosing CNS pathology. A complete spectrum of nonneoplastic neuropathological entities is also illustrated, including infectious, inflammatory, and epilepsy-related neuropathology. Additional chapters address intraoperative consultation and frozen sections, as well as CSF cytopathology.

关键词： surgical pathology illustrated cambridge system nervousAnatomy basic sciences Medical Professional & Technical

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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New Perspective for the Philosophy of Science： Re-Construction and Definition of New Branches ＆ Hierarchy of sciences

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2016年第7期6卷 377-416页

作者： Refet Ramiz Near East University

In this work, author evaluated past theories and perspectives behind the definitions of science and/or branches of science. Also some of the philosophers of science and their specific philosophical interests were expressed. Author considered some type of interactions between some disciplines to determine, to solve the philosophical/scientific problems and to define the possible solutions. The purposes of this article are：（i） to define new synthesis method, （ii） to define new perspective for the philosophy of science, （iii） to define relation between new philosophy perspective and philosophy of science, （iv） to define and organize name, number, relations, and correct structure between special science branches and philosophy of science, （v） to define necessary and sufficient number of branches for philosophy of science, （vi） to define and express the importance and place of new philosophy of science perspective in the new system, （vii） to extend the definition/limits of philosophy of science, （viii） to re-define meanings of some philosophical/scientific theories, （ix） to define systematic solution for the conflicts, problems, confusions about philosophy of science, sciences and branches of science, （x） to define new branches of science, （xi） to re-construct branches and hierarchy of science, （xii） to define new theories about science and branches of science. Author considered R-Synthesis as a method for the evaluation oftbe philosophy, philosophy of science, sciences and branches of science. This R-Synthesis includes evaluation of eight categories of general/specific perspective, 21-dimensions, and 12 general subjects （with related scope and contents） for the past 12,000 years. It is a kind of synthesis of science and non-science, physical science and non-physical science, religious science and non-religious science, and others. In this article, author defined 27 possible definitive/certain result cases for this new synthesis. Author defined the possible formation st

关键词： Philosophy New Era Philosophy philosophy of electromagnetics philosophy of science basic sciences Electromagnetic sciences Hybrid sciences Information sciences New Era Science Ideal Scientific System

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