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Zika Virus Controversies: Epidemics as a Legacy of Mega Events?

Health 2016年第7期8卷 711-722页

作者： Alberto Krayyem Arbex Vagner Rosa Bizarro Mikele Torino Paletti Odirlei Joanir Brandt Ana Luísa Conceição de Jesus Ian Werner Luiggi Miguez Dantas Mirella Hansen de Almeida Post Graduation in Public Health and Bioethics Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro Brazil Former Visiting Scholar Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Boston USA Post Graduation in Endocrinology IPEMED Medical School Rio de Janeiro Brazil School of Medicine Federal University of Sergipe Aracaju Brazil Graduation in Chemistry Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Division of Infectology Central Air Force Hospital Rio de Janeiro Brazil Division of Endocrinology Central Air Force Hospital Rio de Janeiro Brazil

The current knowledge of the Zika Virus epidemic clearly lacks a comprehensive understanding of its determinants and clinical outcomes. Until recently regarded as a “simple” dengue-like infection, it nowadays turned into a real challenge to Public Health around the world. The Zika Epidemic shows a quick spread, affects unprepared health systems, and presents with severe neurological complications of newborns—a concrete threat to pregnancies. This re-emerging infectious disease is a source of deep doubts and harsh debates regarding Public Health and even bioethical issues. Several doubts still remain on how to deal with the various possible transmission ways of the disease, the surge of a generation of thousands of microcephalic newborns (and questions on how to handle them within limited health systems), and severe malformations concentrated so far in Northeastern Brazil. Finally, a debate is raised about how the “Endemic State” of Brazil, deeply merged in a health care crisis for almost 40 years now, currently confronts 3 current epidemics of the arboviruses Dengue, Chikungunya and now Zika, all associated with a lack of basic sanitation. Brazil must deal with these biological threats in the context of the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, since Chikungunya has probably been brought to Brazil during the FIFA Soccer World Cup (2014) and Zika Virus spread is associated with the Soccer Confederations Cup (2013).

关键词： Zika Virus Epidemic Microcephaly Bioethics Public Health Guillain-Barré Syndrome Rio 2016 Chikungunya Dengue Olympic Games Legacy basic sanitation

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