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Germinomas of the basal ganglia and thalamus: Four case reports

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第19期8卷 4558-4564页

作者： Zhen-Chao Huang Qing Dong En-Peng Song Zhi-Jie Chen Jin-Hua Zhang Bo Hou Zheng-Qi Lu Feng Qin Department of Neurosurgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun YatSen UniversityGuangzhou 510630Guangdong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The early diagnosis of basal ganglia and thalamus germinomas is often difficult due to the absence of elevated tumor markers,and atypical clinical symptoms and neuroimaging *** SUMMARY Four male children aged 8 to 15 years were diagnosed with germinomas in the basal ganglia and thalamus by stereotactic biopsy from 2017 to *** patients developed hemiplegia except patient 4 who also had cognitive decline,speech disturbance,nocturnal enuresis,polydipsia,polyuria,precocious puberty and abnormalities of *** four cases were alpha-fetoprotein and beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin(p-HCG)negative except patient 3 who had slightly elevated p-HCG in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF).No malignant cells were detected in the patients'*** magnetic resonance imaging findings were diverse in these patients with the exception of the unique and common characteristics of ipsilateral hemisphere atrophy,especially in the cerebral *** patients were diagnosed with germinomas of the basal ganglia and thalamus by stereotactic brain *** Stereotactic brain biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of ectopic *** neuroimaging studies can not only differentiate disease but also determine the biopsy site.

关键词： Intracranial germinoma Stereotactic brain biopsy basal ganglia Thalamus Tumor marker Case report

Properties of oscillatory neuronal activity in the basal ganglia and thalamus in patients with Parkinson’s disease

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2018年第1期7卷 154-166页

作者： G.Du P.Zhuang M.Hallett Y.-Q.Zhang J.-Y.Li Y.-J.Li Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNo.45 Changchun StreetXicheng DistrictBeijing 100053China Human Motor Control Section Medical Neurology BranchNINDSNIHBethesdaMDUSA Center of Parkinson’s disease Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases(Capital Medical University) Ministry of EducationBeijingChina

Background:The cardinal features of Parkinson’s disease(PD)are bradykinesia,rigidity and rest *** activity in the basal ganglia is predicted to underlie the mechanism of motor *** study aims to characterize properties of oscillatory activity in the basal ganglia and motor thalamus in patients with ***:Twenty-nine patients with PD who underwent bilateral or unilateral electrode implantation for subthalamic nucleus(STN)DBS(n=11),unilateral pallidotomy(n=9)and unilateral thalamotomy(n=9)were *** recordings in the STN,globus pallidus internus(GPi)and ventral oral posterior/ventral intermediate of thalamus(Vop/Vim)were *** of the contralateral limbs was *** unit characteristics including interspike intervals were *** and coherence analyses were *** spontaneous firing rate(MSFR)of neurons was *** of variance and χ^(2) test were ***:Of 76 STN neurons,39.5% were 4–6 Hz band oscillatory neurons and 28.9% were β frequency band(βFB)oscillatory *** MSFR was 44.2±7.6 *** 62 GPi neurons,37.1% were 4–6 Hz band oscillatory neurons and 27.4% were βFB *** MSFR was 80.9±9.6 *** 44 Vop neurons,65.9% were 4–6 Hz band oscillatory neurons and 9%were βFB *** MSFR was 24.4±4.2 *** 30 Vim oscillatory neurons,70% were 4–6 Hz band oscillatory neurons and 13.3% were β FB *** MSFR was 30.3±3.6 *** analysis indicated that proportion of βFB oscillatory neurons in STN and GPi was higher than that of similar neurons in the Vop and Vim(Pbasal ganglia play a critical role in generation of parkinsonism.β os

关键词： Parkinson’s disease basal ganglia The subthalamic nucleus The globus pallidus internus The ventrolateral thalamus Oscillatory activity Microelectrode recordings

Relationship between abnormal vagus nerve tension and basal ganglia cerebral infarction induced paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第9期10卷 921-924页

作者： Wen-Bo Cheng Dong Li Qin Yang Yue-Mei Hou Department of Geriatrics Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus Department of Neurology Zaozhuang Mining Group Hospitals

Objective: To investigate the relationship between basal ganglia cerebral infarction and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation(PAF) caused by abnormal vagus nerve ***: A total of 1 483 cases of elder patients with cerebral infarction who received head CT or MRI examination during the period were enrolled, including 830 male and613 female, with the average age as 78 years. These cases were divided into basal infarction ganglia group(n = 1 045) and non-basal ganglia infarction group(n = 438)according to the anatomic site of cerebral infarction. The differences of the incidence of PAF, left atrial diameter and heart rate variability were compared between the two ***: In basal ganglia infarction group, the incidence rate of PAF was significantly higher than that of non-basal ganglia infarction group(P basal ganglia was age-related, in the >79 years basal ganglia cerebral infarction group, the incidence of PAF was significantly higher than that of nonbasal ganglia infarction group(P basal ganglia infarction group and non-basal ganglia infarction group. basal ganglia cerebral infarction patients with high PAF had higher heart rate variability than non-basal ganglia infarction ***: Elderly patients with basal ganglia infarction have high incidence of *** nerve damage in cerebral basal ganglia, increased vagal tension and cardiac vagal tension are the direct causes of PAF. The results indicates that the increased central vagal nerve tension mediated PAF probably is an indication of supplying sympathetic neurotransmitter or cardiac vagal denervation treatment.

关键词： basal ganglia Cerebral infarction Abnormal vagus nerve tension Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

DISTRIBUTION OF PARVALBUMIN, CALBINDIN-D28 AND CALRETININ IMMUNOREACTIVE NEURONS AND FIBERS IN THE MONKEY basal ganglia

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2002年第1期14卷 1-8页

作者：刘健张巧俊 Department of Neurology Second Hosp. of Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Xi' an 710004 China

Objective To investigate the cellular localization of parvalbumin (PV), calbindin-D28k (CB) and calretinin (CR) in the monkey basal *** Immunocytochemical technique was used to detect PV,CB and CR immunoreactivity in the basal ganglia. Results In the striatum, CB labeled medium-sized spiny projection neurons whereas PV and CR marked two separate classes of aspiny interneurons. The striatal matrix compartment was markedly enriched with CB while striatal patches displayed a CR-rich neuropil. In the pallidum, virtually all neurons contained PV but none express CB. CR occured only in a small subpopulation of large and small pallidal neurons. In the subthalamic nucleus, there existed a multitude of PV-positive cells and fibers but the number of CR and CB-positive neuronal elements was small. In the substantia nigra / ventral tegmental area complex, CB and CR occured principally in dopaminergic neurons of the dorsal tier of the pars compacta and in those of the ventral tegmental area. PV was strickly confined to the GABAergic neurons of the pars reticular and lateralis. CB-rich fibers abounded in the pars reticular and lateralis, while CR-positive axons were confined to the pars compacta. Conclusion CB and PV were distributed according to a strikingly complementary pattern in primate basal ganglia, and the use of CB and PV immunocytochemistry may be considered as an excellent tool to define distinct chemoarchitectonic and functional domains within the complex organization of the basal ganglia. CR was less ubiquitous but occured in small basal ganglia components where it labeled distinct subsets of neurons. Such highly specific patterns of distribution indicate that CB, PV and CR may work in synery within primate basal ganglia.

关键词： calcium-binding proteins basal ganglia monkey

The right inferior frontal gyrus as pivotal node and effective regulator of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical response inhibition circuit

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Psychoradiology 2023年第1期3卷 242-253页

作者： Qian Zhuang Lei Qiao Lei Xu Shuxia Yao Shuaiyu Chen Xiaoxiao Zheng Jialin Li Meina Fu Keshuang Li Deniz Vatansever Stefania Ferraro Keith M.Kendrick Benjamin Becker The Center of Psychosomatia Medicine Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental HealthSichuan Provincial People's HospitalThe University of Eectronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan Province 611731China Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders The Affliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiang Province 11121 China School of Psychology Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences Sichuan Normal UniversityChengdu610068China Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute(BCBDI) Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China School of Psychology and Cognitive Science East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Itelligence Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences The University of Hong KongHong Kong 99077 China Department of Psychology The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 990777 China

Background:The involvement of specific basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits in response inhibition has been extensively mapped in animal ***,the pivotal nodes and directed causal regulation within this inhibitory circuit in humans remains ***:The main aim of the present study was to determine the causal information flow and critical nodes in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical inhibitory circuits and also to examine whether these are modulated by biological factors(***)and behavioral ***:Here,we capitalize on the recent progress in robust and biologically plausible directed causal modeling(DCM-PEB)and a large response inhibition dataset(n=250)acquired with concomitant functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine key nodes,their causal regulation and modulation via biological variables(sex)and inhibitory performance in the inhibitory circuit encompassing the right inferior frontal gyrus(rIFG),caudate nucleus(rCau),globus pallidum(rGP),and thalamus(rThal).Results:The entire neural circuit exhibited high intrinsic connectivity and response inhibition critically increased causal projections from the rIFG to both rCau and *** comparison further demonstrated that response inhibition induced an increasing rIFG inflow and increased the causal regulation of this region over the rCau and *** addition,sex and performance influenced the functional architecture of the regulatory circuits such that women displayed increased rThal self-inhibition and decreased rThal to GP modulation,while better inhibitory performance was associated with stronger rThal to rIFG ***,control analyses did not reveal a similar key communication in a left lateralized ***:Together,these findings indicate a pivotal role of the rIFG as input and causal regulator of subcortical response inhibition nodes.

关键词： response inhibition basal ganglia inferior frontal gyrus effective connectivity DCM

Sonographic Alteration of basal ganglia in Different Forms of Primary Focal Dystonia： A Cross-sectional Study

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Chinese Medical Journal 2016年第8期129卷 942-945页

作者： Ying Zhang Ying-Chun Zhang Yu-Jing Sheng Xiao-Fang Chen Cai-Shan Wang Qi Ma Han-Bing Chen Li-Fang Yu Cheng-Jie Mao Kang-Ping Xiong Wei-Feng Luo Chun-Feng Liu Department of Ultrasound The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215004 China Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215004 China

Background：Few studies have addressed whether abnormalities in the lenticular nucleus （LN） are characteristic transcranial sonography （TCS） echo features in patients with primary *** study aimed to explore alterations in the basal ganglia in different forms of primary focal ***：A cross-sectional observational study was performed between December 2013 and December 20 1 4 in 80 patients with different forms of primary focal dystonia and 55 neurologically normal control *** was performed in patients and control *** comparisons of multiple rates were used to compare LN hyperechogenicity ratios between control and patient ***：Thirteen individuals were excluded due to poor temporal bone windows,and two subjects were excluded due to disagreement in evaluation by ***,70 patients （cervical dystonia,n =30;blepharospasm,n =30;oromandibular dystonia,n =10） and 50 normal controls were included in the final *** hyperechogenicity was observed in 51% （36/70） of patients with primary focal dystonia,compared with 12% （6/50） of controls （P 〈 0.001）.Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity did not differ between the two *** hyperechogenicity was observed in 73% （22/30） of patients with cervical dystonia,a greater prevalence than in patients withblepharospasm （33%,10/30,P =0.002） and oromandibular dystonia （40%,4/10,P =0.126）.LN hyperechogenicity was more frequently observed in patients with cervical dystonia compared with controls （73% vs.12%,P 〈 0.001）;however,no significant difference was detected in patients with blepharospasm （33% vs.12%,P =0.021） or oromandibular dystonia （40% vs.12%,P =0.088）.Conclusions：LN hyperechogenicity is more frequently observed in patients with primary focal dystonia than in *** does not appear to be a characteristic TCS echo feature in patients with blepharospasm or oromandibular dystonia.

关键词： basal ganglia Lenticular Nucleus Primary Focal Dystonia Transcranial Sonography

Conventional craniotomy versus conservative treatment in patients with minor spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia

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Chinese Neurosurgical Journal 2022年第4期8卷 258-267页

作者： Ning Wang Weiwei Lin Xuanhao Zhu Qi Tu Daqian Zhu Shuai Qu Jianjing Yang Linhui Ruan Qichuan Zhuge Brain Center Affiliated Zhejiang HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310000China Department of Neurosurgery Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang University88 Jiefang RoadHangzhou 310009ZhejiangChina Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000China Department of Neurosurgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000ZhejiangChina

Background:The treatment for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)is still controversial,especially for hematomas in the basal ganglia.A retrospective case-control study with propensity score matching was performed to compare the outcomes of conventional craniotomy and conservative treatment for patients with minor ICH in the basal ***:We retrospectively collected the data of consecutive patients with minor basal ganglia hemorrhage from January 2018 to August *** compared clinical outcomes of two groups using propensity score *** extended Glasgow outcome scale obtained by phone interviews based on questionnaires at a 12-month follow-up was used as the primary outcome *** to a previous prognosis algorithm,patients were divided into good and poor prognosis groups to obtain a dichotomized(favorable or unfavorable)outcome as the primary *** outcomes included hospitalized complications,mortality,and modified Rankin score at 12 ***:A total of 54 patients were analyzed,and the baseline characteristics of patients in the surgery and conservative treatment groups were well *** primary favorable outcome at 12 months was significantly higher in the conservative treatment group than in the surgery group(81%vs 44%;OR 1.833,95%CI 1.159-2.900;P=0.005).The incidence of pneumonia in the surgery group was significantly higher than that in the conservative treatment group(P=0.005).Conclusions:It is not recommended to undertake conventional craniotomy for patients with a minor hematoma(25-40 ml)in the basal *** open craniotomy might induce worse long-term functional outcomes than the conservative treatment.

关键词： basal ganglia Conservative treatment Craniotomy Intracerebral hemorrhage

Roles of the basal ganglia in Physiological SleepWake Cycles and Sleep Disorders of Parkinson's Disease

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神经药理学报 2019年第Z1期 21-22页

作者：黄志力中国睡眠研究会生理与药理专委会复旦大学基础医学院复旦大学药理学系

Sleep disorders are frequent in Parkinson’s disease and their prevalence increases with disease progression. Previous studies demonstrated that sleep disorders could appear as an initial manifestation of Parkinson’s disease even decades before motor signs,which highlight their clinical association in these early stages. Dysfunction of dopaminergic transmission in basal ganglia involves in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease and sleep disorders. The basal ganglia(BG) act as a cohesive functional unit that regulates motor function,habit formation,and reward/addictive behaviors. However,it is still not well understood how the BG maintains wakefulness and suppresses sleep to achieve all these fundamental functions until genetically engineered systems developed these years. We focused on the adenosine A2 A and dopamine D1 Receptors(R) in the BG and obtained following 4 findings:(1) Nucleus accumbens(NAc) dopamine D1 R-expressing neurons are essential in controlling wakefulness and are involved in physiological arousal via the lateral hypothalamus and midbrain circuits;(2) The rostromedial tegmental nucleus(RMTg),also called the GABAergic tail of the ventral tegmental area,projects to the midbrain dopaminergic system and other regions. Our findings reveal an essential role of the RMTg in the promotion of non-rapid eye movement(non-REM,NREM) sleep and homeostatic regulation;(3) Opposite to the D1 R in the NAc,A2 AR made a prominent contribution to sleep control associated with motivation.(4) Striatal adenosine A2 AR neurons control activeperiod sleep via parvalbumin neurons in external globus pallidus. Taken together,we proposed a plausible model in which the caudate-putamen and NAc integrate behavioral processes with sleep/wakefulness through adenosine and dopamine receptors. The impacts of the BG in physiological sleep and insomnia in Parkinson’s patients will be discussed.

关键词： adeno-associated virus optogenetics DREADD basal ganglia sleep-wake regulation

Bilateral traumatic hemorrhage of the basal ganglia

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2016年第4期19卷 247-248页

作者： Yun-Xu Zhang Shu-Qin Wei Yan-Yun Xing Qi Liu Wen-Jing He Hiser Medical Group Qingdao China

Hemorrhage of the basal ganglia is common in hypertensive patients, and most of the cases are spon- taneous unilateral hemorrhage. Traumatic basal ganglia hemorrhage is uncommon, while bilateral hemorrhage of the basal ganglia after trauma is an extremely rare entity. This report described a rare case of bilateral hemorrhage of the basal ganglia after head trauma. We also analyzed the mechanisms and reviewed relative literatures.

关键词： Bilateral hemorrhage basal ganglia Craniocerebral trauma Hypertension