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Qualitative Assessment of Postharvest Stomata and Chloroplast Degradation in Contrasting Abscission Resistant balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第9期14卷 1009-1028页

作者： Gaye MacDonald Rajasekaran R. Lada C. D. Caldwell Chibuike C. Udenigwe Mason T. Maconald Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie University Bible Hill Canada School of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Canada

balsam fir is an important Christmas tree species, especially in eastern Canada. The natural Christmas tree industry faces a challenge in postharvest needle abscission. Though there have been many studies describing the physiological triggers and consequences in postharvest balsam fir, there have been no studies describing morphological or ultrastructural changes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine changes in stomata and chloroplast of postharvest needles. Branches were collected from low and high needle abscission resistance balsam fir genotypes, placed in water, and displayed in typical household conditions for 11 weeks. Needle abscission, chlorophyll fluorescence, and water uptake were monitored throughout. Needles stomata and chloroplasts were examined under a scanning and transmission electron microscope, respectively, each week. All branches had increased abscission, decreased chlorophyll fluorescence, and decreased water uptake over time. Needle surfaces accumulated fungal hyphae, especially in stomata. Chloroplasts demonstrated some dysfunction within two weeks, with notable decreases in chloroplast starch and increases in plastoglobulins. Within several weeks thylakoid membranes had been dismantled as chloroplasts transformed into gerontoplasts. All biophysical and structural changes were more pronounced in low needle abscission resistant genotypes. This research identifies a potential role for needle fungi in postharvest needle abscission and confirms the postharvest senescence of chloroplasts. Though it was previously speculated that chloroplasts must senesce postharvest, this study identifies how quickly this process occurs and that it occurs at different rates in contrasting genotypes.

关键词： Abies balsamea balsam fir Christmas Tree Fluorescence Needle Abscission Resistance Scanning Electron Transmission Electron

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