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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2014年第4期2卷 48-53页

作者： HAN Mei JIA Na LI Ke ZHAO Guo-xing LIU Bing-bing LIU Sheng-hua LIU Jie Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology

A method for the detection of bromate and bromide in drinking water by ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(IC-ICP-MS) was developed. The optimized conditions of IC including p H and concentration of the effluent were studied. The results showed that the above two species of bromine were baseline separated within nine minutes under the optimized conditions. The detection limits(S/N=3) of bromate and bromide were 0.23 and 0.12 μg/L, respectively. The RSD(n=6) of the peak areas was 1.2%-3.5%. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of the type bromide in drinking water samples. The recoveries were 95%-109%. The method can be used for the regular analysis of bromate and bromide in real drinking water samples.

关键词： Ion chromatography (IC) Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) Analysis bromate Bromide

Health Risk Assessment for bromate (BrO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>) Traces in Ozonated Indian Bottled Water

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2011年第5期2卷 571-580页

作者： Ajay Kumar Sabyasachi Rout R.K. Singhal 不详

For this study, bromide and bromate ions in various commercial brands of Indian bottled water samples were estimated using ion chromatography. The measured mean concentration of bromide and bromate ions in water samples was found to be 28.13 μg/L and 11.17 μg/L respectively. The average level of bromate in Indian bottled water was found to be slightly higher (~ 12%) than the acceptable limits (10 μg/L) recommended by USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency). Though, kinetically, it is predicted that 62.5% (6.25 μg/L) of bromide in bottled water is needed to convert into bromate upon ozonation to exceed the minimum acceptable limits, but the average formation of bromate determined to be only 26.77% of the predicted concentration. bromate concentration in bottled water showed a strong correlation with bromide suggesting that its formation in water is very much influenced and controlled by bromide content. The objective of the present study was to determine the BrO3–) content of commercially available different brands of bottled drinking water in India and to estimate the health risks to population due to ingestion. Results of estimated excess cancer risk and chemical toxicity risk to Indian population due to ingestion of bottled water were presented and discussed.

关键词： Bromide bromate Excess Cancer Risk Chemical Toxicity Risk Bottled Water

The Impacts of Different Bromide Concentrations and Advanced Oxidation Ways on the bromate Generation

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2015年第1期6卷 55-58页

作者： Yang Xiaoliang Jia Ruibao Sun Shaohua Song Wuchang Jinan Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Center Shandong Province City Water Supply and Drainage Water Quality Monitoring Center

Taking reservoir water diverting from Yellow River as raw water, and using 5 m^3/h of pilot device, the impacts of different bromide concentrations and advanced oxidation ways on bmmate generation in effluent of ozone -upward flow BAC -sand filtration technology. Results showed that when bromine ion of raw water was about 100 μg/L, and ozone dosage was 2 mg/L, bromate exceeding risk existed in the effluent of ozone - upward flow BAC technology, and bromate content in the effluent reached 10 μg/L. Moreover, generation amount of bromate had certain linear rela- tionship with bromine ion of influent. Both dosing hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate could effectively inhibit bromate production, and there was no bromate generation in final effluent of the technology. Moreover, it also could improve the removal of major pollutants in the water by the combined process. Compared with advanced oxidation of hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate pre-oxidation could better control production costs.

关键词： bromate Reservoir water from Yellow River Hydrogen peroxide Potassium permanganate Ozone China

X-Ray Crysatllographic and Vibrational Spectroscopic Studies of Thorium bromate Hydrate

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Crystal Structure Theory and Applications 2013年第2期2卷 70-74页

作者： M. Junaid Bushiri T. C. Kochuthresia S. Athimoolam V. Ramakrishnan V. K. Vaidyan Department of Physics Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi India Department of Physics University of Kerala Thiruvananthapuram India Department of Physics University College of Engineering Anna University Tirunelveli Region Nagercoil India School of Physics Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai India

Th(BrO3)3·H2O single crystals were grown from its aqueous solution at room temperature. Single crystal XRD, Raman and FTIR techniques were used to investigate the crystal structure. The crystal structure was solved by Patterson method. The as grown crystals are in monoclinic system with space group P21/c. The unit cell parameters are a = 12.8555(18) ?, b = 7.8970(11) ?, c = 9.0716(10)?, α = 90°, β = 131.568° and γ = 90° and unit cell volume is 689.1(2)?3. Z = 8, R factor is 5.9. The Raman and FTIR studies indicate the lowering of symetry of bromate anion from C3V to C1. Hydrogen bonds with varying strengths are present in the crystal. The centrosymmetric space group P21/c of the crystal is confirmed by the non-coincidence of majority of Raman and IR bands.

关键词： Thorium bromate X-Ray Diffraction IR Spectroscopy Raman Crystal Structure Anion

Mechanistic Study of Ruthenium(III) Catalyzed Oxidation of Cyclohexanone by Acidic bromate

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Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology 2018年第2期8卷 27-36页

作者： Yasir Arafat Lone Masood Ayoub Kaloo Faizan Danish Khaleel Department of Chemistry Lovely Professional University Phagwara India Department of Chemistry Government Degree College Shopian India Department of Chemistry Islamic University of Science and Technology Awantipora India

In this work, kinetics and mechanism of Ru(III) catalyzed oxidation of cyclohexanone by acidified solution of potassium bromate has been studied. Present study employ mercuric acetate Hg (OAc)2 as a scavenger for Br¯?ion to prevent parallel oxidation by bromine. The kinetics and mechanism have also been studied in the temperature range of 30°C - 45°C. The reaction exhibits first order kinetics with respect to Ru (III), while zero order kinetics with respect to KBrO3 and HClO4. The influence of Hg(OAc)2 and ionic strength on the rate of reaction was found to be insignificant. Positive effect in the reaction mixture was also observed upon addition of chloride ion;while as the negative effect was revealed with acetic acid. A suitable mechanism in conformity with the kinetic observations has been proposed and the rate law is derived on the basis of obtained data. The various activation parameters such as energy of activation (ΔE*), Arrhenius factor (A), entropy of activation (ΔS*) were calculated from the rate measurements at 30°C, 35°C - 40°C and 45°C.

关键词： Kinetics Ru (III) Oxidation Ketone bromate Acidic Order

Catalytic reduction of water pollutants:knowledge gaps,lessons learned,and new opportunities

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第2期17卷 173-188页

作者： Jinyong Liu Jinyu Gao Department of Chemical&Environmental Engineering University of California-RiversideRiversideCA 92521USA

In this paper,we discuss the previous advances,current challenges,and future opportunities for the research of catalytic reduction of water *** present five case studies on the development of palladium-based catalysts for nitrate,chlorate,and perchlorate reduction with hydrogen gas under ambient *** emphasize the realization of new functionalities through the screening and design of catalytic metal sites,including(i)platinum group metal(PGM)nanoparticles,(ii)the secondary metals for improving the reaction rate and product selectivity of nitrate reduction,(iii)oxygen-atom-transfer metal oxides for chlorate and perchlorate reduction,and(iv)ligand-enhanced coordination complexes for substantial activity *** also highlight the facile catalyst preparation approach that brought significant convenience to catalyst *** on our own studies,we then discuss directions of the catalyst research effort that are not immediately necessary or desirable,including(1)systematic study on the downstream aspects of under-developed catalysts,(2)random integration with hot concepts without a clear rationale,and(3)excessive and decorative *** further address some general concerns regarding using H2 and PGMs in the catalytic ***,we recommend future catalyst development in both“fundamental”and“applied”*** purpose of this perspective is to remove major misconceptions about reductive catalysis research and bring back significant innovations for both scientific advancements and engineering applications to benefit environmental protection.

关键词： Molybdenum Rhenium Rhodium Ruthenium Catalyst Support bromate

Micellar sensitized catalytic kinetic spectrophotometry for highly accurate and reproducible determination of Ⅴ(Ⅳ) and Ⅴ(Ⅴ)

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Rare Metals 2014年第4期33卷 466-478页

作者： Ramazan Grkan Can Emektas Department of Chemistry Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Cumhuriyet

A highly accurate and reproducible micellar sensitized kinetic method was proposed for determination of V（VI）. The method is based on its catalytic effect on the oxidation of Coomassie brilliant blue R 250 （CBB＋） by bromate at pH 2.0. The reaction was monitored spectro- photometrically by measuring absorbance change with a fixed-time method of 5 min at 594 and 552 nm with and without surfactant. The variables influencing the calibra- tion sensitivity were extensively investigated, and the optimal conditions were established. The linear calibration range was 10-1,600 μg.L-1 with a relative SD ranging from 0.35 % to 3.35 % （for five replicate measurements of 75, 500, 1,000, and 1,500 μg.L-1） and a detection limit of 3.8 μg.L-1. The selectivity was also investigated, and greatly enhanced by suitable masking agents. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of V（IV） in pre- sence of excess V（V） up to 25 fold in environmental waters with the recoveries of 100.0 %-102.8 % for V（IV） and 95.7 %-99.7 % for total V. Its accuracy was validated by analysis of certified reference material via the present kinetic method and standard flame atomic absorption spectrometric method after extractive preconcentration with good agreement between certified and found values.

关键词： Vanadium speciation Kineticspectrophotometry bromate Coomassie brilliant blue R250 Micellar effect

The role of metal oxides on oxidant decay and disinfection byproduct formation in drinking waters: Relevance to distribution systems

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第12期33卷 140-149页

作者： Chao Liu Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

Maintaining a residual disinfectant/oxidant(e.g., chlorine and chlorine dioxide), is a generally used strategy to control microbial contaminants and bacterial regrowth in distribution systems. Secondarily oxidant, such as hypobromous acid(HOBr), can be formed during chlorination of bromide-containing waters. The decay of oxidants and formation of disinfection byproducts(DBPs) due to the interaction between oxidants and selected metal oxides were studied. Selected metal oxides generally enhanced the decay of these halogencontaining oxidants via three pathways:(1) catalytic disproportionation to yield an oxidized form of halogen(i.e., halate) and reduced form(halide for chlorine and bromine or chlorite for chlorine dioxide),(2) oxygen formation, and(3) oxidation of a metal in a reduced form(e.g., cuprous oxide) to a higher oxidation state. Cupric oxide(Cu O) and nickel oxide(Ni O)showed significantly strong abilities for the first pathway, and oxygen formation was a side reaction. Cuprous oxide can react with oxidants via the third pathway, while goethite was not involved in these reactions. The ability of Cu O on catalytic disproportionation of HOBr remained stable up to four cycles. In chlorination process, bromate formation tends to be important(exceeding 10 μg/L) when initial bromide concentration is above 400 μg/L in the presence of dissolved organic matter. Increasing initial bromide concentrations increased the formation of DBPs and calculated cytotoxicity, and the maximum was observed at p H8.6 during chlorination process. Therefore, the possible disinfectant loss and DBP formation should be carefully considered in drinking water distribution systems.

关键词： Cupric oxide Disproportionation Bromine bromate Chlorine dioxide Chlorate

Orthogonal Experiments for Controlling the Formation of DBPs During Preozonation of Bromide-Containing Raw Water

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2014年第3期20卷 189-196页

作者：张怡然王启山王宏超靳冲李多鲁金凤 College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University

Orthogonal method was adopted to optimize the preozonation process and to minimize the bromate formation. Factors such as contact time, pH and ammonia concentration were investigated by orthogonal experiments to understand the interaction of various operation conditions on the formation of bromate and other disinfection byproducts(DBPs). Results showed that pH had the most significant influence on the minimization of bromate formation. The factors influencing the formation of bromate were in order of pH > contact time > ammonia concentration. For the formation of trihalomethanes(THMs) and haloacetic acids(HAAs), however, contact time significantly influenced their formation potential. In the practical preozonation process of waterworks, it is appropriate to set preozonation contact time to be 20 min. In order to minimize the formation of bromate, pH value of the raw water should be adjusted to 6. 0, and a certain concentration of ammonia could be added into the water to strengthen the minimization effect when the concentration of bromide in the raw water is higher than that in the experimental water.

关键词： orthogonal experiment preozonation bromate THMs HAAs

苯丙氨酸杯[4]芳烃键合毛细管电泳法测定自来水中的BrO3-

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苯丙氨酸杯[4]芳烃键合毛细管电泳法测定自来水中的BrO3-