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bromate ion formation in dark chlorination and ultraviolet/chlorination processes for bromide-containing water

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第2期20卷 246-251页

作者： HUANG Xin GAO Naiyun DENG Yang State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Department of Construction Management and Civil Engineering Technology Georgia Southern University R O. Box 8047 Statesboro GA 30460-8047 USA

Bormate （BrO3^-） is a carcinogenic chemical produced in ozonation or chlorination of bromide-containing water. Although its formation in seawater with or without sunlight has been previously investigated, the formation of bromate in dilute solutions, particularly raw water for water treatment plant, is unknown. In this article, the results of bench scale tests to measure the formation rates of bromate formation in dilute solutions, including de-ionized water and raw water from Yangtze River, were presented in dark chlorination and ultraviolet （UV）/chlorination processes. And the effects of initial pH, initial concentration of NaOCl, and UV light intensity on bromate formation in UV/chlorination of the diluted solutions were investigated. Detectable bromate was formed in dark chlorination of the two water samples with a relatively slow production rate. Under routine disinfecting conditions, the amount of formed bromate is not likely to exceed the national standards （10 μg/L）. UV irradiation enhanced the decay of free chlorine, and, simultaneously, 6.6%-32% of Br^- was oxidized to BrO3^-. And the formation of bromate exhibited three stages： rapid stage, slow stage and plateau. Under the experimental conditions （pH = 4.41-11.07, CCl2= 1.23-4.50 mg/L）, low pH and high chlorine concentration favored the generation of bromate. High light intensity promoted the production rate of bromate, but decreased its total generation amount due to acceleration of chlorine decomposition.

关键词： bromate chlorination raw water Yangtze River ultraviolet (UV) irradiation

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bromate formation during oxidation of bromide-containing water by the CuO catalyzed peroxymonosulfate process

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第11期33卷 4786-4791页

作者： Jingxin Yang Hongrui Ma Chuan Wang Hong Liu Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta Ministry of EducationInstitute of Environmental Research at Greater BayGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China

bromate formation has been found in the SO_(4)^(•−)-based oxidation processes,but previous studies primarily focused on the bromate formation in the homogeneous SO_(4)^(•−)-based oxidation *** kinetics and mechanisms of bromate formation are poorly understood in the heterogeneous SO_(4)^(•−)-based oxidation processes,although which have been widely studied in the eliminations of *** this work,we found that the presence of CuO,a common heterogeneous catalyst of peroxymonosulfate(PMS),appreciably enhanced the bromate formation from the oxidation of bromide by *** conversion ratio of bromide to bromate achieved over 85%within 10 min in this *** was demonstrated to play a multiple role in the bromate formation:(1)catalyzed PMS to generate SO_(4)^(•−),which then oxidizes bromide to bromate;(2)catalyzed the formed free bromine to disproportionate to bromate;(3)catalyzed the formed free bromine to decomposed back into *** the CuO-PMS-Br system,bromate formation increases with increasing CuO dosages,initial CuO and bromide concentrations,but decreases with increasing bicarbonate *** presence of NOM(natural organic matter)resulted in a lower formed bromate accompanied with organic bromine ***,CuO catalyzes PMS to transform more than 70%of initial bromide to bromate even after recycled used for six *** formation of bromate in the PMS catalysis by CuO system was also confirmed in real water.

关键词： bromate Peroxymonosulfate(PMS) CuO SO_(4)^(•−) Bromide Heterogeneous catalyst

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Inhibition of bromate formation by reduced graphene oxide supported cerium dioxide during ozonation of bromidecontaining water

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2019年第6期13卷 81-89页

作者： Bei Ye Zhuo Chen Xinzheng Li Jianan Liu Qianyuan Wu Cheng Yang Hongying Hu Ronghe Wang Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen InstituteTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental SafetyGraduate School at ShenzhenTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control(SMARC)School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Division of Energy and Environment Graduate School at ShenzhenTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China

Ozone(O3)is widely used in drinking water disinfection and wastewater ***,when applied to bromide-containing water,ozone induces the formation of bromate,which is *** previous study found±at graphene oxide(GO)can enhance the degradation efficiency of micropollutants during ***,in this study,GO was found to promote bromate formation during ozonation of bromide-containing waters,with bromate yields from the O3/GO process more than twice those obtained using ozone *** promoted bromate formation was attributed to increased hydroxyl radical production,as confirmed by the significant reduction(almost 75%)in bromate yield after adding t-butanol(TBA).Cerium oxide(less tfian 5 mg/L)supported on reduced GO(xCeO2/RGO)significantly inhibited bromate formation during ozonation compared with reduced GO alone,and the optimal Ce atomic percentage(x)was determined to be 0.36%,achieving an inhibition rate of approximately 73%.Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectra indicated the transformation of GO into RGO after hydrothermal treatment,and transmission electron microscope(TEM)results showed that CeO2 nanoparticles were well dispersed on the RGO *** X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)spectra results demonstrated that the Ce^3+/Ce^4+ratio in xCeO2/RGO was almost 3-4 times higher than that in pure CeO2,which might be attributed to the charge transfer effect from GO to ***,Ce+on thexCeO2/RGO surface could quench Br-and BrO-to further inhibit bromate ***,0.36CeO2/RGO could also enhance the degradation efficiency of N,N-diethyl-zn-toluamide(DEET)in synthetic and reclaimed water during ozonation.

关键词： bromate Catalytic ozonation Graphene oxide Cerium dioxide

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Pilot study on bromate reduction in ozonation of water with low carbonate alkalinities by carbon dioxide

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第9期23卷 1491-1496页

作者： Ji Li Li Zou Lulu Guo Jialin Ji Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China

A pilot study was carried out to explore the application of carbon dioxide for pH depression in a bubble column and its ability to inhibit bromate formation for water with a low *** showed that in the absence of ammonia,CO 2 was capable of reducing bromate 38.0%–65.4% with one-unit pH *** 2 caused a slightly lower bromate reduction （4.2%） than did H 2 SO 4 when the pH was depressed to 7.4,and a more a pronounced lower reduction （8.8%） when the pH was depressed to *** the presence of 0.20 mg/L-N ammonia,bromate was largely inhibited with 73.9% *** the pH was depressed to 7.4,CO 2 and H 2 SO 4 showed an 11.3% and 23.5% bromate reduction respectively,demonstrating that the joint use of CO 2 and ammonia might be a plausible strategy of blocking all three bromate formation *** 2 could be applied through the aeration diffuser together with ozone gas,resulting in a similar bromate reduction compared with the premixing method through Venturi mixer.

关键词： ozone bromate carbon dioxide

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Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Amounts of Vanadium(Ⅴ) by Means of Its Catalytic Effect on Oxidation of Azomethine-H by bromate

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Rare Metals 2000年第2期19卷 123-130页

作者：高锦章张煊赵保卫杨武赵彦春袁莉王希文康敬万西北师范大学化学研究所甘肃兰州 730070 西北师范大学甘肃兰州 730070

A new selective and sensitive kinetic method for determination of trace amounts of vanadium(Ⅴ) (0.5～40ng/ml) based on its catalytic effect on the oxidation of azomethine H by bromate at pH 4.2 and 25 ℃ was reported and its reaction mechanism was *** reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the increase in absorbance of oxidation product of azomethine H at 436 nm after a fixed time ( 5 min ).The detection limit of the method is down to 2.0×10 -10 g/ml and the relative standard deviation (RSD) for 30 ng/ml of V(Ⅴ) is 0.26 % ( n =6). The effect of foreign ions on V(Ⅴ) determination was also discussed,and the method is mostly free from interferences of other *** proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amounts of vanadium in water samples.

关键词： Vanadium(Ⅴ) determination Catalytic spectrophotometry Azomethine H bromate

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Formation control of bromate and trihalomethanes during ozonation of bromide-containing water with chemical addition: Hydrogen peroxide or ammonia?

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第12期33卷 111-118页

作者： Zhengdi Wu Yubin Tang Weiwei Li Zhimin Qiang Huiyu Dong Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212100China Engineering Design Institute The Sixth Engineering Bure CrecBeijing 100036China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

To ensure the safety of drinking water,ozone (O3) has been extensively applied in drinking water treatment plants to further remove natural organic matter (NOM).However,the surface water and groundwater near the coastal areas often contain high concentrations of bromide ion (Br-).Considering the risk of bromate (Br O3-) formation in ozonation of the sand-filtered water,the inhibitory efficiencies of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ammonia(NH3) on Br O3-formation during ozonation process were *** addition of H2O2effectively inhibited Br O3-formation at an initial Br-concentration amended to 350μg/*** inhibition efficiencies reached 59.6 and 100%when the mass ratio of H2O2/O3was 0.25and>0.5,*** UV254and total organic carbon (TOC) also decreased after adding H2O2,while the formation potential of trihalomethanes (THMs FP) increased especially in subsequent chlorination process at a low dose of *** control the formation of both Br O3-and THMs,a relatively large dose of O3and a high ratio of H2O2/O3were generally ***3addition inhibited Br O3-formation when the background ammonia nitrogen(NH3–N) concentration was *** was no significant correlation between Br O3-inhibition efficiency and NH3dose,and a small amount of NH3–N (0.2 mg/L) could obviously inhibit Br *** oxidation of NOM seemed unaffected by NH3addition,and the structure of NOM reflected by synchronous fluorescence (SF) scanning remained almost unchanged before and after adding *** the formation of Br O3-and THMs,the optimal dose of NH3was suggested to be 0.5 mg/L.

关键词： bromate Trihalomethanes Ozone Hydrogen peroxide Ammonia Water treatment

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Removal of bromate ion using powdered activated carbon

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第12期22卷 1846-1853页

作者： Lian Wang Jie Zhang Jingze Liu Hong He Min Yang Jianwei Yu Zichuan Ma Feng Jiang College of Life Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050016 China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China College of Chemistry & Material Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050016 China Beijing YADU Indoor Environmental Protection Science and Technology Co. Ltd. Beijing 102206 China

bromate ion （BrO3-） removal from drinking water by powdered activated carbons （PACs） in bath mode was evaluated under various operational conditions. Six kinds of PACs, including wood-based carbon, fruit-based carbon, coal-based carbon, and these three carbons thermally deoxidized in a nitrogen atmosphere, were selected to investigate their capacity on BrO3- removal. With the highest zeta potential value and being richly mesoporous, coal-based carbon had a high and an excellent BrO3- adsorption efficiency. The removal content of BrO3- by per gram of coal-based carbon was 0.45 mg within 5 hr in 100 μg/L bromate solution. The surface characteristics of PACs and bromide formation revealed that both physical and chemical PACs properties simultaneously affected the adsorptionreduction process. Under acidic conditions, PACs possessed high zeta value and adequate basic groups and exhibited neutral or positive charges, promoting BrO3- adsorption-reduction on the carbon surface. Interestingly, the PACs thermally deoxidized in N2 atmosphere optimized their properties, e.g. increasing their zeta values and decreasing the oxygen content which accelerated the BrO3- removal rate. The maximum adsorption capacity of fruit-based carbon was the highest among all tested carbons （99.6 mg/g）, possibly due to its highest pore volume. Remarkably, the thermal regeneration of PACs in N2 atmosphere could completely recover the adsorption capacity of PACs. The kinetic data obtained from carbons was analyzed using pseudo second-order and intraparticle diffusion models, with results showing that the intraparticle diffusion was the more applicable model to describe adsorption of BrO3- onto PACs.

关键词： bromate powdered activated carbons adsorption-reduction process adsorption capacity

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bromate removal by activated carbon adsorption:material selection and impact factors study

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2011年第5期18卷 81-85页

作者：刘彤冕赵志伟崔福义刘冬梅王欢朱琦 National Engineering Research Center of Urban Water Resources School of Municipal & Environmental EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Material Sciences Heilongjiang University

Studies are conducted by using activated carbon process aimed at bromate removal from the raw *** of activated carbon for bromate removal was performed in different activated *** Merck possesses the highest iodine number and surface area,the highest number of basic groups and Vmeso,thereby contains the highest adsorption velocity and adsorption *** factors of bromate removal on activated carbon were *** static absorption experiments we studied the effect of adsorption time,pH,temperature,anions and organic matter on bromate *** the decrease of pH,removal of bromate enhanced,suggests that it may be possible to increase bromate reduction through pH *** increase of temperature will be favorable to adsorption of bromate on activated *** and organic matter can inhibit the adsorption of bromate on activated carbon through competing active *** removal can be improved by controlling key water quality parameters.

关键词： bromate activated carbon adsorption impact factors

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Control of bromate and THM Precursors Using Ozonation Combined System

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2007年第3期20卷 217-225页

作者： SHU-GUANG XIE DONG-WEN SHI DONG-HUI WEN RUI WANG DAN-LI XI Department of Environmental Sciences College of Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 200051 China Zhenzhou Water Supply Corp. Zhengzhou 450013 Henan China

Objective To investigate the feasibility of reducing THM precursors and controlling bromate taste and odor in drinking water taken from the Yellow River by an ozonation combined system. Methods The appropriate ozone dosage was determined, and then the changes of TOC, UV254 and THM formation potential （THMFP） in the combined system were evaluated. Results One mg/L ozone could effectively remove taste and odor and meet the maximum allowable bromate level in drinking water. The pre-ozonation increased THMFP, but the conventional treatment system could effectively reduce the odor. The bio-ceramic filter could partly reduce CHC13FP, but sometimes might increase CHCl2BrFP and CHClBr2FP. The biological activated carbon （BAC） filter could effectively reduce CHC13FP and CHCl2BrFP, but increase CHClBr2FP. Compared with other filters, the fresh activated carbon （FAC） filter performed better in reducing THMFP and even reduced CHClBr2FP. Conclusion The combined system can effectively reduce taste, odor, CHC13FP, and CHCl2BrFP and also bring bromate under control.

关键词： bromate Ozonation Disinfection by-products Activated carbon

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NEW　OSCILLATING　REACTIONS　CATALYZED　BY　TETRAMETHYLTETRAAZACYCLOTETRAENE　（TIM）NICKEL（Ⅱ）COMPLEX　IN　bromate－PYRUVIC　ACID　──SULFURIC　ACID　SYSTEM

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Chinese Chemical Letters 1994年第4期5卷 295-298页

作者： You Jin ZHANG(Dept. of Processing, Hefei Economical and Technological College, Hefei 230052)Zhi Qiang XU Liang ZHAO Nai Liang HU Fu Xin XIE Shi Sheng NI(Dept. of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230039)(National Key Lab. of Coord. Chem. in Nanjing U

New oscillating reaction with the participation of a macrocyclic nickel(Ⅱ) complex ion [Ni(TIM )]2+ as catalyst and pyruvic acid as organic substrate in acidic bromate medium are described' This complex ion contains the ligand: 2, 3,9, 10-tetramethyl - 1, 4, 8, 11 - tetraazacyclotetradeca - 1, 3, 8, 10 - tetraene. The [Ni (TIM ) ]2+ion can undergo oxidation reaction of Ni (Ⅱ ) Ni (Ⅲ ). Detailed research on the system's oscillation characters and influential factors is made and the mechanism is briefly discussed.

关键词： ACID PYRUVIC SULFURIC NICKEL TIM bromate

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