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Dataset of temperature and precipitation over the major Belt and Road Initiative regions under different temperature rise scenarios

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Big Earth Data 2023年第2期7卷 375-397页

作者： Yuanhuang Zhuang Jingyong Zhang Tianjin Meteorological Observatory TianjinChina Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Changes in temperature and precipitation have a profound effect on the ecological environment and socioeconomic systems.In this study,we focus on the major Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)regions and develop a dataset of temperature and precipitation at global temperature rise targets of 1.5°C,2°C,and 3°C above pre-industrial levels under the Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)8.5 emission scenario using 4 downscaled global model datasets data at a fine spatial resolution of 0.0449147848°(~5 km)globally from EnviDat.The temperature variables include the daily maximum(Tmax),minimum(Tmin)and average(Tmp)surface air temperatures,and the diurnal temperature range(DTR).We first evaluate the performance of the downscaled model data using CRU-observed gridded data for the historical period 1986-2005.The results indicate that the downscaled model data can generally reproduce the pattern characteristics of temperature and precipitation variations well over the major BRI regions for 1986-2005.Furthermore,we project temperature and precipitation variations over the major BRI regions at global temperature rise targets of 1.5°C,2°C,and 3°C under the RCP8.5 emission scenario based on the dataset by adopting the multiple-model ensemble mean.Our dataset contributes to understanding detailed the characteristics of climate change over the major BRI regions,and provides data fundamental for adopting appropriate strategies and options to reduce or avoid disadvantaged consequences associated with climate change over the major BRI regions.The dataset is available at https://***/10.57760/sciencedb.01850.

关键词： Climate change multiple-model ensemble projection high-resolution downscaled model dataset global temperature rise scenarios BRI

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Climate technology transfer in BRI era:needs,priorities,and barriers from receivers’perspective

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2020年第1期6卷 93-104,92页

作者： Minpeng Chen Lei Zhang Fei Teng Jingjing Dai Zhuang Li Ziqi Wang Yuting Li School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development Renmin University of ChinaBeijingChina School of Environment and Natural Resources Renmin University of ChinaBeijingChina Institute of Energy Economy and EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina School of International Studies Renmin University of ChinaBeijingChina

Technology is an instrument to build BRI relationships,mitigate the environmental and climate impacts of BRI projects,as well as to enhance environmental sustainability in the regions.This study aims to reposition China in global climate technology transfer in BRI era and to obtain initial knowledge on needs,priorities,and barriers from the receivers’perspective.Focus group method with aid of questionnaire survey and follow-up face-to-face interviews was adopted to capture the major issues directly expressed by receivers from these countries.A total of 63 valid questionnaires were collected,and 13 respondents were face-to-face interviewed.The results confirmed that energy and agriculture were the most prioritized sectors for mitigation and adaptation in the developing countries alongside OBOR.The prioritized technologies for mitigation included cogeneration,solar photovoltaic,and biomass/biogas electricity.Irrigation,conservation agriculture,and soil management were prioritized for adaptation in agricultural sector,and water recycling and reuse,source water protection,and urban drainage management in water resource sector.Technology cost during installation and operation was stressed as the most important factor constraining the application and diffusion of climate technologies.But communication including language,information,and ways of communication,was also identified as an important factor.This implied that the conventional climate technology transfer need adapt to changing contexts of BRI and be complemented with innovative approaches involving multi-actors in different phases of climate technology development.Due to the limited representativeness of the sample,the results can hardly be generalized to all the countries,but raised interesting topics for future researches.

关键词： Climate technology transfer BRI receivers’perspective

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BRI’s Effects on Foreign Investments:DID Test Based on China’s Greenfield Investments in 2005-2016

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China Economist 2022年第1期17卷 12-23页

作者：吕越 China Institute for WTO Studies University of International Business and Economics(UIBE)BeijingChina

This paper employs relatively more detailed and accurate data currently available from the Global Corporate Greenfield Investments Database 2005-2016 for an all-round analysis of the investment effects of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)based on the difference-in-differences(DID)model as an effective identification method for event evaluation.Our findings suggest that the BRI has sharply increased growth in outbound greenfield investments by Chinese companies and led to an increase in the number of investment projects in BRI countries by around 32%.A series of validity and robustness tests has demonstrated the existence of such positive effects.The BRI has facilitated greenfield investments by Chinese companies through“five links,”i.***.infrastructure interconnection,policy communication,financial intermediation,trade,and people-to-people exchanges.Our heterogeneity analysis found that geographically,the BRI has played a more significant role in facilitating investment growth in the Maritime Silk Road countries and China’s neighboring countries involved in the BRI,and no significantly positive effect exists for investment in economies with high political risks.From a dynamic perspective,the BRI stimulates investment by expanding the intensive margins,i.***.spurring investment growth in existing investment projects or economies home to those projects.Judging by the results of the difference-in-differences-in-differences(DDD)model,the BRI’s positive effects on outbound investment are focused on infrastructure sectors such as energy,transportation and communication.In terms of the sources of investment,the BRI did not create any significant investment promotion effect for key Chinese provinces involved in the BRI.

关键词： BRI OFDI DID greenfield investment “five links”

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The Emerging Dimensions of China-Pakistan Economic Cooperation and CPEC:Significance and Challenges

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2022年第4期15卷 531-551页

作者： Muhammadi Hongsong Liu Iqtidar Hussain Center for International Strategic Studies(CISS) Suite#5065Th Floor Evacuee Trust ComplexAgha Khan RoadF-5/1IslamabadPakistan School of Public Administration and Sociology Asian Research CenterHohai UniversityNanjingJiangsuPeople’s Republic of China School of International and Public Affairs Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNo.1954-Huashan RoadShanghai200030People’s Republic of China Strategic Vision Institution Plot No:10B/10CSRB Business CenterLower Ground FloorSuper MarketF 6 MarkazIslamabadPakistan School of Public Administration and Sociology Hohai UniversityNanjingJiangsuPeople’s Republic of China

This study examines the economic dimensions of China–Pakistan cooperation,mainly focusing on the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC).CPEC is a key project under China’s Belt and Road Initiative.The project is considered significant for Beijing’s initiatives to“BRIdging the gap”with its landlocked regions,especially its Xinjiang autonomous region.CPEC is regarded as a“game-changer project”for Pakistan’s economy,a“flagship project,”and a“gateway project”for BRI overall.CPEC plays a significant role in developing both countries,particularly Pakistan,through regional integration,connectivity,and economic growth.Besides the importance of CPEC,this study examines specific challenges for the CPEC project.It identifies the influential role of the US in South Asia as a global challenge,India’s proxies and political uncertainty in Afghanistan as regional challenges,and security,terrorism,and lack of consensus among political parties and provinces as internal challenges.This study is carried out by using exploratory case studies for qualitative data relying on primary data,including the interviews of high officials,academics,and other experts on the subject,and secondary sources such as journal articles and books,among others.The paper provided policy input to the Government of Pakistan and China regarding the importance of CPEC for the country's economic development and urged both countries to look into domestic,regional,and global challenges for this project.

关键词： China-Pakistan relations Economic dimensions CPEC BRI Challenges Opportunities

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The crossroads of receptor-mediated signaling and endocytosis in plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第9期60卷 827-840页

作者： Lucas Alves Neubus Claus Daniel V.Savatin Eugenia Russinova Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University9052 GhentBelgium Center for Plant Systems Biology VIB9052 GhentBelgium

Plants deploy numerous plasma membrane receptors to sense and rapidly react to environmental changes. Correct localization and adequate protein levels of the cell-surface receptors are critical for signaling activation and modulation of plant development and defense against pathogens. After ligand binding, receptors are internalized for degradation and signaling attenuation. However, one emerging notion is that the Iigand-induced endocytosis of reCeptor complexes is important for the signal duration, amplitude, and specificity. Recently, mutants of maior endocytosis players, including clathrin and dynamin, have been shown to display defects in activation of a subset of signal transduction pathways, implying that signaling in plants might not be solely restricted to the plasma membrane. Here, we summarize the up-to-date knowledge of receptor complex endocytosis and its effect on the signaling outcome, in the context of plant development and immunity.

关键词： The crossroads of receptor-mediated signaling and endocytosis in plants BRI PM

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Creating Inclusive Global Value Chains under the BRI from the Perspective of Public Goods Supply and Demand

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China Economist 2021年第4期16卷 60-69页

作者：马涛陈曦 Institute of World Economy and Politics(IWEP) Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(CASS)BeijingChina Beijing Institute of Science and Technology Information Beijing Academy of Science and TechnologyBeijingChina

Supply and demand of public goods provide a brand-new theoretical framework for research on the creation of inclusive global value chains(GVCs)under the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).The supply of international public goods is an important positive variable for creating global value chains under the BRI,in which China and other developing countries involved,as well as their small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs),are microscopic entities.When the BRI’s supply of instrumental,institutional,and conceptual international public goods is in equiliBRIum with the demand of GVC entities for public goods,the BRI creates necessary conditions for the extension of GVCs.GVCs created under the BRI are of great value in promoting inclusiveness,fair income distribution,balanced regional development,and the restructuring of international economic governance.Under the current GVC system,some developed countries have been wary about the BRI and even developed misgivings and biases.Nevertheless,developed countries may play an active role in BRIdging gaps in the BRI’s development and complement their respective strengths with developing countries for win-win cooperation.

关键词： BRI inclusive global value chains supply and demand of public goods developing countries SMEs

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The Belt and Road Initiative and International Law:Viewed from the Perspective of the Supply of International Public Goods

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Social Sciences in China 2021年第4期42卷 20-37页

作者： Shi Jingxia 邵亚楠 Law School Renmin University of China the School of Foreign Languages at Tianjin Chengjian University

The international community is facing the dilemma of an insufficient supply of public goods due to the conjunction of various forces and factors including the profound impact of the economic crisis,increased trade protectionism,changes in the global governance system and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic.The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)is a non-rivalrous and non-excludable public good provided to the international community by China as a responsible major country in the new era of historical development.International law has an important role in promoting and guaranteeing the supply of international public goods(IPGs).Since the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative,the international governance environment has changed dramatically,with the rule of law being the basic premise and important guarantee of the long-term and smooth implementation of the BRI.In pursuing the BRI,buttressed as it is by the rule of law,China should pay attention to diversified governance based on a combination of international soft and hard law and make judicious use of existing bilateral,regional and multilateral international legal mechanisms.In addition,China must also pay close attention to the latest developments in international economic and trade rules and must innovate and improve its ability to supply rules for investment,trade liberalization,etc.Buttressed by international law,the BRI should focus not only on recent concrete initiatives in trade and investment liberalization,but also on the long-term planning and sustainable development of institutional supply,so as to realize the vision and goals of the BRI.

关键词： BRI international public goods BRI buttressed by the rule of law international governance international law

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BRI:A Solution for Global Common Development

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China Economist 2020年第5期15卷 2-14页

作者：王镭 Bureau of International Cooperation Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(CASS)BeijingChina

Our world is currently experiencing lackluster growth,poor governance and uneven development.The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)launched by China in 2013 conforms with the trend of economic globalization,change in the global system of governance,and people’s expectations for a better life.This paper offers a systematic and in-depth elucidation of the BRI,in the context of economic globalization,as providing an effective solution for global development,increasing the momentum of global economic growth,improving global governance,and addressing imbalances in global development.In this new era of high-quality development,the BRI will contribute to the creation of a community of shared future for humankind by overcoming challenges in global economic development,undergirding the foundation of global economic development,and promoting balanced global economic development for win-win results.

关键词： BRI economic globalization and growth momentum governance addressing development imbalances interconnectivity

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Does the Belt and Road Initiative Promote Bilateral Political Relations?

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China & World Economy 2021年第5期29卷 57-83页

作者： Yue Lu Wei Gu Ka Zeng School of International Trade and Economics University of International Business and Economics(UIBE)China Department of Economics The Chinese University of Hong KongChina Department of Political Science University of ArkansasUSA

This paper examines the role of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in enhancing political relations between China and its partner countries. We postulate that an international economic cooperation scheme such as the BRI may facilitate commercial exchanges and increase the participating countries’ economic gains. This should generate incentives for these countries to avoid political tensions that may jeopardize mutually beneficial economic exchanges, and to expand the constellation of domestic coalitions in support of cordial diplomatic and political relations. We test the effect of the BRI on bilateral political relations using data on political relations between China and 91 countries along the BRI route between 2006 and 2018. Treating the promulgation of the BRI in 2013 as a policy shock, our difference-in-difference analysis lends substantial support to our hypotheses. Further analyses of the underlying causal mechanisms suggest that the BRI bolsters political relations by strengthening economic ties with partner countries through trade and investment related to economic cooperation.

关键词： BRI international economic cooperation political relations

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Synergies between the Belt and Road Initiative and the 2030 SDGs: from the perspective of development

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Economic and Political Studies 2018年第3期6卷 278-292页

作者： Ling Jin China Institute of International Studies BeijingChina

The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)has its own development logic,which draws mainly from China’s development and cooperation experiences.In addition to aid,the BRI prioritises ownership,infrastructure connectivity and comprehensive approaches to development.The 2030 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),drawing many lessons from the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs),mark a visible shift from the past donor–recipient relationship to an equal development partnership in the international development narrative.Comparing the two initiatives,this paper identifies synergies between the BRI and the SDGs from the perspective of development and concludes that an emphasis on ownership is the basis for docking the two development visions.The docking process should begin at the stage of strategic dialogue and policy planning between China and its development partners,and infrastructure connectivity is an area of special importance when seeking synergies and developing differentiated approaches to working in different contexts.

关键词： BRI 2030 SDGs development logic synergies

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