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Vulnerability and adaptation of an oasis social–ecological system affected by glacier change in an arid region of northwestern China

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2019年第1期11卷 29-40页

作者： JianPing Yang Man Li ChunPing Tan HongJu Chen Qin Ji State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Geography Sciences Shanxi Normal University Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction Sichuan University Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Hexi Inland River Basin in an arid region of northwestern China was chosen as the study area for this research. The authors define the vulnerability of an oasis social-ecological system to glacier change; select 16 indicators from natural and socioeconomic systems according to exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity; and construct a vulnerability-assessment indicator system aimed at an inland river basin in the arid region of Northwestern China. Vulnerability of the oasis socialecological system affected by glacier change in the study area is evaluated by Spatial Principal Component Analysis(SPCA) under the circumstance of glacier change. The key factors affecting the vulnerability are analyzed. The vulnerability of the oasis social-ecological system in the Hexi Inland River Basin affected by glacier change is of more than medium grade, accounting for about 48.0% of the total number of counties in the study area. In terms of the spatial pattern of the vulnerability, the oasis economic belt is the most vulnerable. With the rapid development of the area's society and economy, the exposure of the system to glacial changes is significantly increased; and an increase in glacial meltwater is not enough to overcome the impact of increased exposure, which is the main reason for the high vulnerability. Based on the result of the vulnerability analysis and combined with the present industrial structure in the Hexi Inland River Basin, near-,medium-, and long-term adaptation initiatives are put forward in the article.

关键词： oasis social-ecological system Hexi Inland river basins glacier change vulnerability adaptation

Regional gravity survey and application in oil and gas exploration in China

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China Geology 2019年第3期2卷 382-390页

作者： Ming-hua Zhang Ji-hua Qiao Geng-xin Zhao Xue-yi Lan Development and Research Center China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100037China Tianjin Center China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesTianjin 300170China Anhui Academy of Geoexploration Hefei 230031China

Ground gravity survey for regional structure unit delineation and oil and gas exploration in China is addressed in this paper with examples. Gravity survey scales, coverage, technical regulations and achievements at the national level are introduced, including data processing and anomaly interpretation techniques. Bouguer anomalies of terrestrial territories of China and classification of anomalous feature zones are also described;they are well correlated with lithotectonical boundaries, fault zones, and unexposed igneous plutons. Recent study results of petroliferous sedimentary basins are presented as well, including concealed boundaries and major structures of large basins. It is concluded that gravity survey is the most effective and economic method in unveiling unexposed and deep-seated structures, targeting and delineating oil and gas-bearing sedimentary basins, and locating main trap structures within prolific basins in early stage of exploration in China. Suggestions for improving exploration of both conventional and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs in China are also given in the paper.

关键词： Concealed and deep-seated structures Oil and gas basins Gravity survey Data integration Deep oil and gas exploration engineering China

SEDIMENTARY PROCESS OF THE CENOZOIC BASIN AND ITS RESPONSE TO THE SLIP-HISTORY OF THE ALTYN TAGH FAULT, NW CHINA

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地学前缘 2000年第S1期7卷 245-246页

作者： Chen Zhengle 1, Zhang Yueqiao 1, Chen Xuanhua 1,Wang Xiaofeng 1, Z.Washburn 2,J.Arrowsmith 2[WT5,5”BX](1 The Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081,China 2.Department of Geology, Arizona State Unive

The NEE\|striking Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) has been well known as one major point to know the growth history of the Tibetan plateau. Lots of investigations done since 1970’s were mostly focus on active features, particularly on determining slip, slip rate and their distribution along the fault. However, Cenozoic slip\|history of this fault remains poorly understood, and the age of initiation and total offset are controversial. Several Cenozoic sedimentary basins develop in Suo’erkulinan to Mangya regions (Fig.1). Their sedimentary processes are closely related with the ATF. The studies of the Neogene sedimentary sequences and the reconstruction of the paleo\|geography are essential to establish the displacement history of the fault during Late *** at the southern side of the ATF, the Suo’erkulinan basin consists of more than 600\|meter\|thick Pliocene Shizigou Formation below and about 120\|meter\|thick Early to Middle Pleistocene Qigequan Formation above according to the 1∶200000 geological map by Xinjiang Province. An obvious erosional surface can be seen on the top of the lower sequence. Sediments in the Shizigou Formation are characterized by 400\|meter\|thick yellow to red cobble\|sized conglomerates in the bottom, up\|grading to sandstones and grey\|green mudstones. This indicated that the sedimentary facies changed from alluvial fan to fluvial fan and sediments became more and more mature. The upper sequence, the Qigequan Formation, corresponds to an alluvial facies series composed of yellow to white cobble\|sized conglomerates intercalated with lenticular sandstones. Paleo\|current indicators showed that the Shizhigou conglomeratic series were sourced from northwest. Well\|developed syn\|sedimentary faults, normal faults mostly inherited from syn\|sedimentary faults, and some striation lineations on the surface indicated transtensional tectonic environment of the strike\|slip faulting.

关键词： Altyn Tagh fault Cenozoic basins sedimentary process slip\| history reconstruction of the paleo\|geography

Floods and Hydrograms of Floods of Rivers in Arid Zones of the Mediterranean, Case of the Kingdom of Morocco

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International Journal of Geosciences 2020年第10期11卷 651-666页

作者： Boutoutaou Djamel Zeggane Houari Belagoune Fares Department of Applicated Science Laboratory for the Exploitation and Development of Natural Resources in Arid Zones Ouargla University Ouargla Algeria

The Moroccan territory is often exposed to brutal and destructive floods. The latter is triggered by intense rains and sudden duration (rain showers, thunderstorms). The human and material damage caused by these floods has always been very high. The violence of the flood (1000 m3/s) of Oued Ourika on Aug 17, 1995, killed 730 people. The material damage caused by torrential rain only for the years 2008 and 2009 on the road network (roads and civil engineering works) represents more than 2.9 billion dirhams. The development of flood protection studies requires the values of the instantaneous frequency flow of a certain probability and the corresponding flood hydrogram, generally, these values are not available in the watersheds studied. The objective of this study is to propose for the Moroccan territory a method of calculating flood flows and hydrographs of floods for stream and wadis ungauged for the benefit of engineers and planners for possible studies of flood protection. The proposed method is based on the delimitation of homogeneous regions of Moroccan territory (three homogeneous regions). The frequency analysis carried out for these three zones made it possible to identify the climatic parameters necessary to calculate the flood index and consequently the frequency floods. The proposed Galton type flood hydrograph includes three parameters namely the rise time, the shape parameter and the flood index. These latter parameters are easily calculated by the formulas proposed.

关键词： Floods Arid Watersheds basins Hydrograph

Analysis of the Suitability of Surface Water for Irrigation Purposes: The Southwestern and Coastal River Systems in Ghana

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2011年第10期3卷 695-710页

作者： Sandow Mark Yidana Patrick Asamoah Sakyi Gareth Stamp 不详

Surface water basins all over the world are very crucial in irrigation industries. Irrigation schemes are particularly crucial in the agricultural economies due largely to the fact that global climate change has led to drastic changes in rainfall patterns. As a result, rain-fed agriculture alone is no more sustainable and irrigation schemes are being encouraged as poverty reduction/eradication strategies in the developing countries. This study was conducted to assess the overall controls on surface water resources in the coastal and south-western river basins in Ghana, and determine the suitability of these surface waters for irrigation activities. Multivariate statistical methods were applied to data on the physico-chemical parameters from the coastal and southwestern river basins. This study finds that the quality of surface water from these basins is controlled principally by leachate of chemicals from solid and mine wastes, the chemistry of rainfall, weathering of underlying silicate mineral-rich rocks and sediments, agricultural and domestic wastes. All the parameters are within the acceptable national concentration ranges for most domestic and industrial purposes. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was used to assess the quality of water from the two basins for irrigation activities. The SAR values for all the months and years sampled are lower than 4 and the electrical conductivity values are equally low due to generally low ionic concentrations. When plotted on the Wilcox diagram, the data for all the months for the two years of the study, plot within the “excellent to good” category, suggesting that water from the area is of acceptable quality for irrigation activities.

关键词： Coastal basins Southwestern basins Multivariate Analysis Sodium Adsorption Ratio Electrical Conductivity

Hydrology and Estimation of Real Erosion in the Patria Nueva Micro-Basin for Five Return Periods

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2022年第12期14卷 783-789页

作者： Martín Mundo-Molina José Luis Pérez-Díaz Investigation Centre Faculty of Engineer Autonomous University of Chiapas Chiapas Mexico

This paper will discuss the actual erosion estimation of the Patria Nueva micro basin in tons/ha/year (E), located in Tuxtla Gutiérrez Chiapas, Mexico. We used the universal soil loss equation (USLE), considered one of the best theoretical tools for planning and soil preservation in the USA and other countries. The actual erosion rates were estimated for 5, 20, 50, 100, and 500 years return periods (Rp), with elevated results due to high degrees of anthropogenic alteration of the micro-basin, especially in the last 50 years. High erosion rates generate the following problems: loss of soil, which is unfavorable for plant life, due to the soil being a non-renewable resource, the undermine can never renovate, the hydraulic area in the main channel reduces during the rainy season (when the river overflows). The sediment accumulates at the lower part of the micro-basin along with waste, garbage, and mud.

关键词： Erosion Return Periods basins USLE Sediment

Transport-Limited Denudation Regime Inferred from Sand Petrography and Chemical Composition: Cenozoic Sediments from the Guadiana Basin (SW Spain)

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International Journal of Geosciences 2014年第5期5卷 478-496页

作者： José Arribas Meaza Tsige Guillermina Garzón Rosa Tejero Departamento de Geodinámica Facultad de CC. Geológicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain Departamento de Petrología y Geoquímica Facultad de CC. Geológicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain

The Guadiana Basin is an E-W intraplate Cenozoic basin located in SW of the Iberian Peninsula, covering an area close to 6000 km2. NE-SW Alpine faults divide the basin into two subbasins: the Vegas Altas (VA) to the East, and the Vegas Bajas (VB) to the West. Sedimentary record consists of <200 m thick of sediments, arranged in two main depositional sequences, DS1 and DS2. Petrographic analysis of sediment sandy-fraction combined with geochemical analysis of <2 mm fraction permit to infer provenance and factors controlling sediment composition. Petrographic analysis of sandy-fraction reveals provenance from basin margins lithologies. In VA subbasin, quartzolithic petrofacies characterized eastern subbasin infill related to the erosion of Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic metasediments. To the West quartzofeldspathic petrofacies predominates, associated with the erosion of coarse-grained plutonites and short distance transport of their products. Intermediate petrofacies characterizes clastic deposits from the VB. Chemical analysis of clastic deposits corroborates a main felsic origin of sediments with a composition that fits well with the upper crust compositional norm and with the Neoproterozoic Iberian Average Shale (NIBAS). In addition, minor contributions from mafic sources can be identified in DS1 from VB, manifested by anomalies in the content of Co, Ni, Cr, V and Sc. Different stages of weathering (from intermediate to intense) can be deduced by the analysis of both, sandy-fraction petrography and bulk sediment geochemistry. This fact is related to the great hiatus at the base of the Cenozoicbasin infill. Transport-limited denudation regimes can be inferred by the presence of high and intermediate weathered and texturalyinmature sediments. In addition, trace element ratios suggest local enrichment in dense minerals, attributable to recycling processes from metasediments. Finally, the sedimentary record of the Guadiana Basin is constituted by immature sediments for

关键词： Provenance Geochemistry Sediment Composition Intraplate basins Denudation Regimes

Adaptation as a Water Resource Policy Challenge —Institutions and Science

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第4期5卷 1-6页

作者： David Lewis Feldman Department of Planning Policy and Design and Political Science University of California Irvine USA

Adaptation is the pursuit of active, deliberate measures to enhance humankind’s capacity to manage water supply and attenuate demand in the face of climate uncertainty. This article contends that worsening constraints upon freshwater due to climate variability demand concerted, imaginative, science-based solutions. These solutions must join creative management to co-production of climate knowledge. Through a series of case studies, we analyze the need for adaptation approaches to prevail over climate variability, and the role of these factors to facilitate their implementation. We also examine how translation of climate knowledge is helping spur adaptation at various spatial levels. These experiences point to the challenges in adaptation, and the adversity various regions will be faced if we do not.

关键词： Adaptation Climate Change Translational Science River basins Megacities

Analyzing Factors Affecting Erosion and Sedimentary Deposits Using the Empirical Method of PSIAC

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Open Journal of Geology 2017年第8期7卷 1078-1093页

作者： Abdolreza Alijani Armita Alijani Nader Kohansal Ghadimvand Mohsen Aleali Geology-Sedimentary Lithology and Sedimentology Department of Geology Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Offshore and Marine Structure Engineering Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Department of Geology North Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Department of Geology Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran

PSIAC empirical method is considered as one of the methods calculating and estimating the amount of erodibility and sedimentation of sedimentary deposits in sedimentary basins and dams’ reservoirs. This method is based on analyzing nine influential factors including: surface geology, solid, weather, runoff, unpaved area, limited plant coverage, land usage, high lands erosion, river erosion and sediment transportation. These factors are rated according to their level of importance. The case study of this research is Lali Water Catchment, Khuzestan, Iran. The amount and intensity of adorability will be ranked as low, moderate and high. This research is based on field work, laboratorial studies and analyzing results obtained from statistics. Results indicated that the unpaved area and high land erosion are identified as the most effective factors, respectively. In contrast, runoff and surface geology are considered as the lowest rate. Other factors reflect moderate effects. Since any significant studies have not been done in this regard, the current research can present a new method to scrutinize the empirical effects of these factors. It is noteworthy to highlight that different methods are compared with each other in order to scrutinize the amount of erodibility in most studies, but the present study has analyzed the influential factors of the sub-methods of one major method. This essay focuses on the affectability of each one of the nine factors, independently. In conclusion, the outcomes of this research can contribute to identify and determine suitable alternatives to stabilize sedimentary basins and increase the life span of dams and watershed management projects and also reduce the destructive effects of floods. Additionally, it contributes civil projects in such lands.

关键词： Erodibility Sedimentation PSIAC Empirical Method Sedimentary basins Dams’ Reservoir