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Response of wild avena species to fungal infection of grain

The Crop Journal 2017年第6期5卷 499-508页

作者： T.Yu.Gagkaeva O.P.Gavrilova A.S.Orina E.V.Blinova I.G.Loskutov All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection (VIZR) St-Petersburg Pushkin 196608 Russia N.I.Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) St-Petersburg 190000 Russia St-Petersburg State University St-Petersburg 199034 Russia

Sixty-six accessions belonging to avena species(A. atlantica, A. canariensis, A. clauda, A.damascena, A. hirtula, A. longiglumis, A. wiestii, A. agadiriana, A. barbata, A. vaviloviana, A.insularis, A. magna, A. murphyi, A.fatua, A. ludoviciana, A. occidentalis, A. sterilis, A. sativa, and A. byzantina) obtained from the N. I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources(VIR) were tested for the infection of grain by Alternaria and Cladosporium at the genus level and by a group of trichothecene-producing Fusarium fungi. Real-time PCR was performed to quantify fungal abundance and ELISA was performed for mycotoxin analysis in grain. The average amounts of all tested fungi in tetraploid avena species were higher than those in diploid and hexaploid species. Low amounts of deoxynivalenol(DON) were detected in seven hexaploid genotypes(A. sterilis, A. byzantina, A. sativa, and A. fatua) and one diploid genotype(A.lwiestii). The relationship between some morphological traits(1000-grain weight, percent of husk, trichome density, and plant height) of avena species and grain infection by fungi and mycotoxins was investigated. Alternaria and Cladosporium fungi could not penetrate the husk. A highly negative correlation of the amounts of their DNA with the proportions of husk in grain as well as with trichome density was found. In contrast, a significant positive correlation between the amount of Fusarium DNA and these traits was found. A strong negative correlation bctween plant height and DNA of the analyzed fungi was found. The oats least infected by Alternaria, Cladosporium, and Fusarium fungi and containing low amounts of DON were accessions of the hexaploids A. byzantina, A.fatua, A. sativa, A. sterilis,and the diploid A. lwiestii.

关键词： avena species Grain Fungal DNA Mycotoxin

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Protective Effects of Tribulus terrestris,avena sativa,and White Ginseng Powder on Bone Mineral Density in Hypercholesterolemic Rats

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2019年第6期7卷 286-292页

作者： Mehmet Akdogan Huri Tilla Ilce Ali Bilgili Basak Hanedan Department of Medical Biochemistry Faculty of MedicineSakarya UniversitySakarya 54050Turkey Department of Nuclear Medicine Faculty of MedicineSakarya UniversitySakarya 54050Turkey Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAnkara UniversityAnkara 06110Turkey Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAtaturk UniversityErzurum 25240Turkey

This study investigated the effects of the herbal compounds Tribulus terrestris(TT),avena sativa(AS),white ginseng(WG),and a triple combination(TC)powder on the serum total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),triglyceride,and the tibial bone mineral density(BMD)levels in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet.This study comprised Group I(normal pellet feed),Group II(pellet feed with 2%cholesterol),Group III(2%cholesterol plus 15%TT),Group IV(2%cholesterol plus 7.5%AS),Group V(2%cholesterol plus 5%WG)and Group VI(2%cholesterol plus 7.5 TT%+3.75%AS,2.5%WG).The serum total cholesterol,LDL-C,HDL-C,triglyceride,and tibial BMD(g/cm2)levels were measured.Significant decrease in the serum HDL-C levels in Group II than Group I,and significant increase in the serum LDL-C levels in Group II than Groups I and VI were determined.The tibial BMD levels were significantly lower in Groups II and IV than Group I.It was determined that WG and TC significantly prevented the serum total cholesterol increase;TC significantly prevented the serum LDL-C increase;and TT,WG,and TC were non-significantly effective in the improvement of tibial BMD levels.

关键词： Lipid and lipoproteins Tribulus terrestris avena sativa white ginseng bone mineral density

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Asymmetric somatic hybridization between wheat (Triticum aestivum) and avena sativa L.

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2003年第3期46卷 243-252页

作者：向凤宁夏光敏陈惠民 Life Science School Shandong University Jinan 250100 China

Protoplasts from cell suspensions of young-embryo-derived calli, which were non- regenerable for long-term subculture and protoplasts from embryogenic calli with the regeneration capacity of 75% of the same wheat Jinan 177, were mixed as recipient. Protoplasts from embryo-genic calli of avena sativa (with the regeneration capacity of less than 10%) irradiated with UV at an intensity of 300 mW/cm2 for 30 s, 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, 5 min were used as the donor. Proto-plasts of the recipient and the donor were fused by PEG method. Many calli and normal green plants were regenerated at high frequency, and were verified as somatic hybrids by chromosome counting, isozyme, 5S rDNA spacer sequence analysis and GISH (genomic in situ hybridization). Fusion combination between protoplasts either from the cell suspensions or from the calli and UV-treated avena sativa protoplasts could not regenerate green plants.

关键词： Triticum aestivum, avena sativa L, UV-irradiation, asymmetric fusion, hybrids regenerated plant.

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A genetic linkage map of hexaploid naked oat constructed with SSR markers

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The Crop Journal 2015年第4期3卷 353-357页

作者： Gaoyuan Song Pengjie Huo Bin Wu Zongwen Zhang Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Bioversity International Office for East Asia

Naked oat is a unique health food crop in China. Using 202 F2 individuals derived from a hybrid between the variety 578 and the landrace Sanfensan, we constructed a genetic linkage map consisting of 22 linkage groups covering 2070.50 c M and including 208 simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers. The minimum distance between adjacent markers was0.01 c M and the average was 9.95 c M. Each linkage group contained 2–22 markers. The largest linkage group covered 174.40 c M and the shortest one covered 36.80 c M, with an average of 94.11 c M. Thirty-six markers(17.3%) showing distorted segregation were distributed across linkage groups LG5 to LG22. This map complements published oat genetic maps and is applicable for quantitative trait locus analysis, gene cloning and molecular marker-assisted selection.

关键词： Oat avena nuda Simple sequence repeat Genetic map

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avena属远缘杂交后代株高性状遗传规律的研究

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河北农学报 1983年第4期 36-39页

作者：叶福钧察北牧场农业实验站

莜麦(avena nada)是高寒地区人民的主要粮食之一,含蛋白质15.77%,营养丰富。但抗倒力差,严重影响产量。莜麦抗倒伏能力的高低受许多因素的影响。就莜麦矮秆来讲,除茎秆的内部结构(如皮层的厚度、维管束数目及其矽质化程度等)、茎秆的粗... 详细信息

莜麦(avena nada)是高寒地区人民的主要粮食之一,含蛋白质15.77%,营养丰富。但抗倒力差,严重影响产量。莜麦抗倒伏能力的高低受许多因素的影响。就莜麦矮秆来讲,除茎秆的内部结构(如皮层的厚度、维管束数目及其矽质化程度等)、茎秆的粗细、韧性外,株高对抗倒伏力具有决定性影响。本世纪七十年代初,国内莜麦育种单位从世界各燕麦生产国引入不少低(矮)秆燕麦品种作远缘杂交亲本,选育低秆抗倒伏、抗病、丰产的莜麦新品种。有关杂交后代的株高性状的遗传规律,尚未见报道。

关键词：株高双亲遗传规律 avena 单交组合远缘杂交性状遗传

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Adaptability and Stability of Yield and Industrial Grain Quality with and without Fungicide in Brazilian Oat Cultivars

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第9期6卷 1560-1569页

作者： José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva Maisa Didoné Wohlenberg Emilio Ghisleni Arenhardt Antonio Costa de Oliveira Gustavo Mazurkievicz Mariele Müller Lorenzo Ghisleni Arenhardt Manuel Osorio Binelo Guilherme Arnold Rafael Pretto Department of Agrarian Studies Regional University of the Northwest of Rio Grande do Sul Ijuí Brazil Department of Crop Plants Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil Faculty of Agronomy EliseuMaciel Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Brazil Faculty of Agronomy University of Passo Fundo Passo Fundo Brazil Department of Exact Sciences and Engineering Regional University of the Northwest of Rio Grande do Sul Ijuí Brazil

The use of productive cultivars with adaptability and stability and less demanding to fungicide use are critical to the sustainability of production factors. The objective of this work was to determine the per se performance of white oat cultivars and parameters of adaptability and stability on yield and grain quality in the proposition of cultivars more responsive in reducing the use fungicide. The study was conducted in Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil, between the years 2010 and 2013. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates, three with and three without fungicide. The study evaluated 14 white oat cultivars for yield and industrial capability. The white oat cultivars FAEM 4 Carlasul and URS Corona indicate high grain yield with stability and general adaptability, independent of chemical control. The cultivar URS Corona shows together high yield and thousand grain weight and hectoliter with general adaptability and stability in the absence of fungicide. Although no stability has been detected in industrial yield without the use of fungicides, cultivars of URS Charrua, URS Corona and URS Taura show high means with general adaptability.

关键词： avena sativa L. Grain Quality Fungicide Climatic Variations

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Nutritional Quality of Oat from Different Producing Areas in China

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Asian Agricultural Research 2020年第4期12卷 47-51页

作者： Wenting LIU Xinjun ZHANG Cai YANG Jing BAI Xiaohong YANG Tianliang LI Haitao ZHOU Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhangjiakou 075000 China

[Objectives]This study aimed to provide some theoretical support for breeders and processing enterprises in choosing suitable locations,in order to cultivate varieties of different functional types and complete the processing needs of different purposes.[Methods]The oat varieties that are currently being grown in large areas in different production areas were selected.In 11 provinces across China's main oat producing areas,15 pilot sites were deployed for unified planting management.After harvest,the contents of protein,crude fat,starch,β-glucan,avenanthramides(AVEs)and other components in oat kernels were determined.[Results]The protein content in oat kernels ranged from(10.68±1.35)%to(16.65±0.81)%,highest in Ningxia and lowest in Tibet;the fat content in oat kernels ranged from(5.15±1.06)%to(7.54±1.51)%,highest in Yunnan and lowest in Ningxia;the starch content in oat kernels was in the range of(60.70±1.62)%-(67.84±2.09)%,highest in Tibet and lowest in Jilin;theβ-glucan content in oat kernels ranged from(3.67±0.42)%to(4.48±0.33)%,highest in Xinjiang and lowest in Tibet;and the AVEs content in oat kernels was in the range of(58.67±20.25)%-(535.83±133.64)%.[Conclusions]The protein andβ-glucan contents in oat kernels were significantly positively correlated with latitude and longitude,and were significantly negatively correlated with altitude;the starch and fat contents in oat kernels were negatively correlated with latitude and longitude and were significantly positively correlated with altitude;theβ-glucan content in oat kernels and precipitation showed a negative correlation;and the AVEs content in oat kernels was negatively correlated with latitude and was positively correlated with longitude and precipitation.

关键词： avena nuda L. Environmental factor Nutritional quality Correlation

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REDISTRIBUTION OF ABSCISIC ACID CONTENT IN WHEAT COLEOPTILE IN ITS PHOTOTROPIC RESPONSE

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1987年第2期32卷 122-125页

作者：潭志一嵇松杨 Department of Biology Beijing Normal University Department of Biology Beijing Normal Universityhototropic movement of plants is one of the important problems in plant physiology. With his study on phototropie response of the Avena coleoptile Went discovered the first photohormone(auxiu) and suggested that the curvature was elicited by the asymmetric distribuion of auxin content between the light and dark sides. This is well known as the Cholodny-Went theory to explain the causc of phototropism and geotropism in plants.

Phototropic movement of plants is one of the important problems in plant physiology. With his study on phototropie response of the avena coleoptile, Went discovered the first photohormone(auxiu), and suggested that the curvature was elicited by the asymmetric distribuion of auxin content between the light and dark sides. This is well known as the Cholodny-Went theory to explain the causc of phototropism and geotropism in plants.

关键词： avena auxin explain curvature ACID asymmetric wheat Wheat length physiology

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INTERCELLULAR MIGRATION OF NUCLEUS IN SOMATIC TISSUES

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中国科学A辑(英文版) 1959年第8期 853-871页

作者：吴素萱 Institute of Botany Academia Sinica

In this paper, a brief review is given of the recently published works dealing with the phenomenon of intercellular migration of the nuclei in reproductive and vegetative organs of the lower plants as well as the higher plants and also of the modern interpretations for such a phenomenon. The materials. employed in general for this study were the vegetative organs of bulb plants (Allium) and the somatic tissues of the ovules of some cereal plants (Triticum, avena and Hordeum). The present report is chiefly based upon the studies of paraffin sections. Preparations of total mounts were also made for supplement. With the paraffin sections evidence is presented that the nuclear migration not only takes place in the epidermal tissues, in the underlying parenchymal tissues, but also occurs in the elements of the vascular bundles of the rapidly growing leaf sheath, young bud sheath, scale and clove sheath of the garlic plant. It is especially interesting to note that the nuclear material presses on the outer surface of the vessel and protrudes via the unthickened portions of the wall into the vessel. In the same material, enormous or extraordinarily long nuclei, which sometimes take a zigzag form, have usually been observed in the elements, including vessels, of the vascular bundles. These phenomena may have an important bearing on the mechanism of translocation of organic materials in plants-a view we have advanced earlier. As the leaf sheath or the young bud sheath begins to wither and its inclusion is being withdrawn, the intercellular migration of the nuclei again makes its appearance in the epidermis, underlying parenchyma and the vascular tissues. The nuclei, however, migrate in a different manner. They generally tend to traverse the side walls of the cells and move toward the vascular bundle.After fertilization, the antipodal cells of Triticurn, avena and Hordeum plants multiply and increase a great deal in size. In the course of the development of endosperm sac, the cells of the nucellar tissue gradually diso

关键词： migration migrate sections sometimes nuclei sheath experienced inclusion intercellular avena

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EFFECT OF CROWN ETHER DYES ON K^+ AND Na^+ ION TRANSPORT IN WHEAT ROOTS

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1982年第8期27卷 871-875页

作者：欧惠春付庭治黄德培王德粉张进琪黄良保阙如生张正仁 Department of Biology Nanjing University Coordination Chemistry Institute Nanjing University Institute of Spartina and Tidal Land Development Nanjing University Institute of Spartina and Tidal Land Development Nanjing Universityt has been found in recent years that some antibiotics and synthetic compounds can promote the selective penetration of the metal ions in biomembranes and synthetic draft-lipid dimolecule layers e. g. valinomycin as well as dibenzo-18-crown-6 can promote the penetration and absorption of potassium ion in the Avena root system.

It has been found in recent years that some antibiotics and synthetic compounds can promote the selective penetration of the metal ions in biomembranes and synthetic draft-lipid dimolecule layers, e. g. valinomycin as... 详细信息

关键词： penetration avena dibenzo draft antibiotics potassium crown wheat absorbed lipid

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