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Differences in leaf cuticular wax induced by whole-genome duplication in autotetraploid sour jujube

Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第1期10卷 66-76页

作者： Meng Li Chenxing Zhang Lu Hou Xinru Liu Hanqing Zhao Xiaoming Pang Wenhao Bo Yingyue Li National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants Ministry of EducationCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

Drought-resistant plants exhibit strong water retention capability.In this regard,the autotetraploid sour jujube leaves exhibit better water retention than diploid leaves.Morphological comparisons and physiological comparisons of diploid and autotetraploid leaves showed that the autotetraploid leaves had thicker leaf cuticles and more leaf wax accumulation than the diploid leaves,which could reduce cuticle permeability and improve the drought tolerance of leaves.In this study,the cuticular wax crystalloids on the adaxial and abaxial sides of young and mature jujube leaves were observed in the two ploidy types,and unique cuticular wax crystalloids covering a large area of the cuticle on autotetraploid sour jujube leaves may provide an advantage in reducing leaf non-stomata transpiration and improving plant drought tolerance.Based on the transcriptome,115 differentially expressed genes between diploids and autotetraploids were further analyzed and found to be involved in the accumulation of cuticular wax components,including terpenoids,fatty acids,and lipids,as well as ABC transporter and wax biosynthetic process.Finally,14 genes differentially expressed between glossy autotetraploid leaves and nonglossy diploid leaves,such as LOC107414787,LOC107411574 and LOC107413721,were screened as candidate genes by qRT-PCR analysis.This findings provided insights into how polyploidization improved drought tolerance.

关键词： autotetraploid Jujube Drought tolerance Cuticular wax RNA-seq

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Megasporogenesis and Megagametogenesis in autotetraploid Indica/Japonica Rice Hybrid

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Rice science 2010年第4期17卷 296-302页

作者： Muhammad Qasim SHAHID Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding South China Agricultural University

autotetraploid indic, a/japonica rice hybrid combines both the advantages of polyploidy and the heterosis between indica and japonica rice. Embryo sac abortion is an important factor influencing spikelet fertility in autotetraploid dce hybrid. To clarify the cytological mechanism of embryo sac abortion, the megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis in an autotetraploid japonicaAndica hybrid were examined by the whole-mount eosin B-staining confocal laser scanning microscopy （WE-CLSM） technique. Abnormalities were observed from the megasporocyte stage to the mature embryo sac stage. The degeneration of the tetrad cells and the functional megaspore was the characteristic of abnormalities during megasporogenesis. Abnormal small embryo sacs and disordered number of nuclei were frequently observed during embryo sac development. Some interesting phenomena, such as two functional megaspores, the diplospory-like megasporocyte, and five-nucleate embryo sac were found. The abnormalities that occurred during female gametophyte development resulted in more than five types of abnormal embryo sacs （i.e. embryo sac degeneration, embryo sac without female germ unit, embryo sac without egg apparatus, embryo sac with abnormal polar nuclei and abnormal small embryo sac） in autotetraploid japonica/ndica hybdd. Embryo sac fertility was lower in diploid japonica/ndica hybdd than in autotetraploid japonicaAndica hybrid although many abnormal phenomena were observed in autotetraploid hybrid.

关键词： Oryza sativa japonica/tndica hybrid embryo sac autotetraploid abnormality whole-mount eosin B-staining confocal laser scanning microscopy

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Genome Assembly of Alfalfa Cultivar Zhongmu-4 and Identification of SNPs Associated with Agronomic Traits

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2022年第1期20卷 14-28页

作者： Ruicai Long Fan Zhang Zhiwu Zhang Mingna Li Lin Chen Xue Wang Wenwen Liu Tiejun Zhang Long-Xi Yu Fei He Xueqian Jiang Xijiang Yang Changfu Yang Zhen Wang Junmei Kang Qingchuan Yang Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99163USA School of Grassland Science Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Plant and Germplasm Introduction and Testing ResearchProsserWA 99350USA

Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)is the most important legume forage crop worldwide with high nutritional value and yield.For a long time,the breeding of alfalfa was hampered by lacking reliable information on the autotetraploid genome and molecular markers linked to important agronomic traits.We herein reported the de novo assembly of the allele-aware chromosome-level genome of Zhongmu-4,a cultivar widely cultivated in China,and a comprehensive database of genomic variations based on resequencing of 220 germplasms.Approximate 2.74 Gb contigs(N50 of 2.06 Mb),accounting for 88.39%of the estimated genome,were assembled,and 2.56 Gb contigs were anchored to 32 pseudo-chromosomes.A total of 34,922 allelic genes were identified from the allele-aware genome.We observed the expansion of gene families,especially those related to the nitrogen metabolism,and the increase of repetitive elements including transposable elements,which probably resulted in the increase of Zhongmu-4 genome compared with Medicago truncatula.Population structure analysis revealed that the accessions from Asia and South America had relatively lower genetic diversity than those from Europe,suggesting that geography may influence alfalfa genetic divergence during local adaption.Genome-wide association studies identified 101 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)associated with 27 agronomic traits.Two candidate genes were predicted to be correlated with fall dormancy and salt response.We believe that the alleleaware chromosome-level genome sequence of Zhongmu-4 combined with the resequencing data of the diverse alfalfa germplasms will facilitate genetic research and genomics-assisted breeding in variety improvement of alfalfa.

关键词： Alfalfa autotetraploid Genome assembly Resequencing Genome-wide association study

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CHH methylation of genes associated with fatty acid and jasmonate biosynthesis contributes to cold tolerance in autotetraploids of Poncirus trifoliata

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第12期64卷 2327-2343页

作者： Yue Wang Lanlan Zuo Tonglu Wei Yu Zhang Yang Zhang Ruhong Ming Dahro Bachar Wei Xiao Khan Madiha Chuanwu Chen Qijun Fan Chunlong Li Ji-Hong Liu Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology(MOE) College of Horticulture and Foresty SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Citrus Biology Guangxi Academy of Specialty CropsGuilin 541004China

Polyploids have elevated stress tolerance,but the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive.In this study,we showed that naturally occurring tetraploid plants of trifoliate orange(Poncirus trifoliata(L.) Raf.) exhibited enhanced cold tolerance relative to their diploid progenitors.Transcriptome analysis revealed that whole-genome duplication was associated with higher expression levels of a range of well-characterized cold stress-responsive genes.Global DNA methylation profiling demonstrated that the tetraploids underwent more extensive DNA demethylation in comparison with the diploids under cold stress.CHH methylation in the promoters was associated with up-regulation of related genes,whereas CG,CHG,and CHH methylation in the 3’-regions was relevant to gene down-regulation.Of note,genes involved in unsaturated fatty acids(UFAs) and jasmonate(JA)biosynthesis in the tetraploids displayed different CHH methylation in the gene flanking regions and were prominently up-regulated,consistent with greater accumulation of UFAs and JA when exposed to the cold stress.Collectively,our findings explored the difference in cold stress response between diploids and tetraploids at both transcriptional and epigenetic levels,and gained new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying enhanced cold tolerance of the tetraploid.These results contribute to uncovering a novel regulatory role of DNA methylation in better cold tolerance of polyploids.

关键词： autotetraploid cold tolerance DNA methylation JA Poncirus trifoliata unsaturated fatty acid

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Endosperm Development in autotetraploid Rice

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Rice science 2005年第2期12卷 83-91页

作者： WANG Lan LIU Xiang-dong LU Yong-gen FENG Jiu-huan Xu Xue-bin Xu Shi-xiong （S. Y. Zee） Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecttlar Breeding. South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642China Botany Department University of Hong Kong and Hrmg Kong Baptist University-United International College in ZhuhaiChina

By using the laser scanning confocal microscope and plastic （Leica 7022 historesin embedding kit） semi-thin sectioning technique, comparative studies on the development of endosperm were carried out between autotetraploid and diploid rices. About one third of the ovaries in the autotetraploid showed normal endosperm development as those in the diploid. In these ovaries, one of the polar nuclei would fuse with the sperm nucleus, and the primary endosperm nucleus formed and underwent the first division in 4 hours after pollination; the anticlinal wall began to grow centripetally between the free nuclei starting from the wall ingrowths of the embryo sac near the micropylar end, and some of the phragmoplasts formed transformed into periclinal walls. In addition, some of the cell wall situated in the middle of the endosperm appeared to originate from phragmoplasts, whereas others seemed to develop randomly without the obvious formation of phragmoplasts. Cellulose began to accumulate in the wall of aleurone cell layer at 6 days after pollination. The cellulose wall of the cells of the aleurone cell layer appeared to have completely formed within 7 to 8 days after pollination. On the other hand, about two thirds of the ovaries in the autotetraploid showed abnormality in endosperm development with various types, such as non-fertilization, abnormal fertilization, endosperm development-delay and non-synchronization in the development of cellulose wall of cells of the aleurone layer. These abnormalities usually resulted in decreased seed setting in autotetraploid rice.

关键词： rice autotetraploid endosperm development laser scanning confocal microscopy

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Biochemical Composition and Disease Resistance in Newly Synthesized Amphidiploid and autotetraploid Peanuts

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第2期4卷 169-176页

作者： Krishna Shilpa Gururaj Sunkad Srinivasu Kurella Swati Marri Kollipara Padmashree Deepak R. Jadhav Kanwar Lal Sahrawat Nalini Mallikarjuna All India Coordinated Research Project on Groundnut Main Agricultural Research Station University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur India Department of Biotechnology School of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad Hyderabad India. Department of Plant Sciences School of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad Hyderabad India International Crops Research Institute for Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Patancheru India

Genetic diversity in peanut (Arachishypogaea L.) is narrow due to its evolution and domestication processes. Amphidiploids and autotetraploids (newly synthesized tetraploids) were created to broaden its genetic base. Molecular analysis has shown that the newly synthesized tetraploids had broader genetic base;and were genetically divergent when compared to cultivated peanut. Nutritional composition relative to oil, fatty acid composition, O/L ratio, protein, iodine value and presence of plant proteinase inhibitors such as trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors were studied in the synthesized tetraploids. Some of the newly synthesized tetraploids had higher amounts of proteinase inhibitors. Evaluation of newly synthesized tetraploids revealed several lines resistant to late leaf spot (LLS) and peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND).

关键词： Amphidiploid autotetraploid Biochemical Disease Resistance Fatty Acid Late Leaf Spot Peanut

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RAPD and microsatellite analysis of autotetraploid,diploid and reciprocal interploid triploids of blunt snout bream,Megalobrama amblycephala

RAPD and microsatellite analysis of autotetraploid,diploid a...

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2005水产科技论坛

作者： ZOU Shu-ming, LI Si-fa , CAI Wan-qi, YANG Huai-yu (Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Resources and Aquacultural Ecosystem Certificated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Fisheries University, Jungong Road 334, Shanghai 200090, China)

＜正＞RAPD and microsatellite markers were used to investigate levels of genetic variation within autotetraploid （auto-4n）, diploid （2n） and reciprocal inter-ploid triploids （3n- and 3n+） of blunt snout bream. The specific 390-bp and 510-bp fragment amplified by S137 primer was present in 2n and auto-4n population, respectively, and both 390 bp and 510 bp fragments were present in 3n-and 3n+ population. The mean percentages of polymorphic loci by RAPD were 21. 76% , 20. 23% in 3n-and 3n+ , respectively, similar to that （21. 02% ） of the 2n group, but significantly （P ＜0. 05） higher than 13. 85% in auto-4n. The average genetic diversity indices estimated by using Shannon’s index of phenotypic diversity by RAPD were 0. 322, 0. 314 in 3n- and 3n+, respectively;significantly （P ＜0. 05） higher than 0. 205 in auto-4n. The mean numbers of genotypes per microsatellite locus were 4. 25, 4. 00 in 3n- , 3n+, respectively, higher than 3. 5, 3. 5 in auto-4n and 2n, respectively. Relative high ratio of tri-allelic heterozygote by microsatellite analysis was found in both populations of 3n- and 3n+. Dendrogram generated from the genetic distance of RAPD and microsatellite was similar. The topology showed two monophylies. One consisted of the autotetraploid and 2n populations. The other was composed of 3n+ and 3n- populations.

关键词： Megalobrama amblycephala autotetraploid interploid 3n- inter-ploid 3n+ microsatellite, RAPD

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