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Reconstructing Missing Hourly Real-Time Precipitation Data Using a Novel Intermittent Sliding Window Period Technique for automatic weather station Data

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2017年第4期31卷 774-790页

作者： Nagaraja HEMA Krishna KANT Department of Computer Science and Engineering/Information Technology Jaypee Institute of Information Technology Noida 201307 India

Precipitation is the most discontinuous atmospheric parameter because of its temporal and spatial variability. Precipitation observations at automatic weather stations（AWSs） show different patterns over different time periods. This paper aims to reconstruct missing data by finding the time periods when precipitation patterns are similar, with a method called the intermittent sliding window period（ISWP） technique—a novel approach to reconstructing the majority of non-continuous missing real-time precipitation data. The ISWP technique is applied to a 1-yr precipitation dataset（January 2015 to January 2016）, with a temporal resolution of 1 h, collected at 11 AWSs run by the Indian Meteorological Department in the capital region of Delhi. The acquired dataset has missing precipitation data amounting to 13.66%, of which 90.6% are reconstructed successfully. Furthermore, some traditional estimation algorithms are applied to the reconstructed dataset to estimate the remaining missing values on an hourly basis. The results show that the interpolation of the reconstructed dataset using the ISWP technique exhibits high quality compared with interpolation of the raw dataset. By adopting the ISWP technique, the root-mean-square errors（RMSEs）in the estimation of missing rainfall data—based on the arithmetic mean, multiple linear regression, linear regression,and moving average methods—are reduced by 4.2%, 55.47%, 19.44%, and 9.64%, respectively. However, adopting the ISWP technique with the inverse distance weighted method increases the RMSE by 0.07%, due to the fact that the reconstructed data add a more diverse relation to its neighboring AWSs.

关键词： automatic weather station intermittent sliding window period interpolation mean absolute error reconstruction of missing precipitation data

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Adaptive Coding Design of automatic weather station Message for"Cloud+End"Networking

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2023年第1期14卷 35-40页

作者： Fei GUO Lihong LUO Qinqiang ZHOU Binghuai CHEN Maoming Meteorological Bureau of Guangdong Province Maoming 525000China Guangdong Ecological Meteorology Center Guangzhou 510640China Guangdong Meteorological Observation Data Center Guangzhou 510640China

A large number of automatic weather stations with different observation elements and gradient configurations are connected for operation,in order to meet the meteorological service needs of different *** station density and observation frequency are encrypted to obtain observation data with higher spatial and temporal *** original message with fixed element data location is the data combination of all observation elements and the maximum observation gradient of each element,which not only has higher invalid data redundancy,but also restricts the efficiency of data collection and processing,and also increases communication *** adaptive coding design method for the original message of automatic weather station is *** embedded software coding algorithm of the weather station collector is optimized according to"plug and output"to realize intelligent networking,intelligent identification of observation elements and gradients,and dynamic flexible output of messages with variable *** intelligent networking and business application of nearly 4000 automatic weather stations across the province show that the networking data acquisition and processing are efficient and stable.

关键词： automatic weather station Higher spatial and temporal resolution Message Coding Design

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Towards Increasing Data Availability for Meteorological Services: Inter-Comparison of Meteorological Data from a Synoptic weather station and Two automatic weather stations in Kenya

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American Journal of Climate Change 2021年第3期10卷 300-316页

作者： Richard Muita Paul Kucera Stella Aura David Muchemi David Gikungu Samuel Mwangi Martin Steinson Paul Oloo Nicholas Maingi Ezekiel Muigai Mwaura Kamau Kenya Meteorological Department Institute for Meteorological Training and Research Nairobi Kenya University Corporation for Atmospheric Research/National Centre for Atmospheric Research (UCAR/NCAR) Boulder USA

Meteorological data is useful for varied applications and sectors ranging from weather and climate forecasting, landscape planning to disaster management among others. However, the availability of these data requires a good network of manual meteorological stations and other support systems for its collection, recording, processing, archiving, communication and dissemination. In sub-Saharan Africa, such networks are limited due to low investment and capacity. To bridge this gap, the National Meteorological Services in Kenya and few others from African countries have moved to install a number of automatic weather stations (AWSs) in the past decade including a few additions from private institutions and individuals. Although these AWSs have the potential to improve the existing observation network and the early warning systems in the region, the quality and capacity of the data collected from the stations are not well exploited. This is mainly due to low confidence, by data users, in electronically observed data. In this study, we set out to confirm that electronically observed data is of comparable quality to a human observer recorded data, and can thus be used to bridge data gaps at temporal and spatial scales. To assess this potential, we applied the simple Pearson correlation method and other statistical tests and approaches by conducting inter-comparison analysis of weather observations from the manual synoptic station and data from two automatic weather stations (TAHMO and 3D-PAWS) co-located at KMD Headquarters to establish existing consistencies and variances in several weather parameters. Results show there is comparable consistency in most of the weather parameters between the three stations. Strong associations were noted between the TAHMO and manual station data for minimum (r = 0.65) and maximum temperatures (r = 0.86) and the maximum temperature between TAHMO and 3DPAWS (r = 0.56). Similar associations were indicated for surface pressure (r = 0.99) and R

关键词： Meteorological Data Manual weather station automatic weather station Correlation

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Fault Analysis and Maintenance of DZZ Series of automatic weather stations

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2018年第3期9卷 35-37页

作者： Lv Weiwei Lv Xiaohua Tang Zuoyang Xie Xiaohua Xiao Yong Xinshao Meteorological Office Xinshao 422900China Shaoyang Meteorological Office Shaoyang 422000China

The instruments of regional automatic weather station are placed outside to measure daily changes of meteorological factors. Due to common influence of sun,wind,rain and other factors,it is very easy to cause various faults and damages of the instrument. The construction of regional automatic weather station network plays an important role in improving forecast accuracy,servicing local government and ecological civilization construction,providing scientific disaster prevention and relief decision-making basis for government department. In this paper,based on daily operation situation of regional automatic weather station in Shaoyang region,combining communication,hardware and software,fault situation of collector,temperature and humidity sensor,wind sensor and rainfall sensor in automatic weather station is analyzed in detail. Moreover,some common fault cases are listed and analyzed,some troubleshooting methods are summarized,and daily maintenance measures are proposed.

关键词： DZZ series automatic weather station Instrument fault Analysis Maintenance

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EVALUATION OF TEMPERATURE RECORDS OBTAINED BY AWS IN HAINAN PROVINCE AND ADJUSTMENT OF CLIMATOLOGICAL TIME SERIES

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2008年第2期14卷 117-120页

作者：辛吉武许向春邢旭煌严经敏 Hainan Institute of Meteorological Science Hainan Climate Center of Information Technology Hainan meteorological information center

Based on the parallel air temperature data of automatic sounding and manual observations at 16 weather stations in Hainan province from 2004 to 2005, a comparative analysis and evaluation is made for validity according to relevant standards. The results indicate that there are daily and seasonal differences between temperature observations recorded by automatic weather stations (AWSs) and with conventional methods. The reasons for the differences are the systematic error, the sensitivity of the two types of instruments to the environmental temperature change, the difference of the observation time and the effect of solar radiation. Because the long-range data were obtained from manual observation, an empirical conversion formula between the temperature records obtained by the instruments is provided for continuous use of the climate data after the changes in instruments.

关键词： automatic weather station temperature evaluation adjustment

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Application of RIA Technology in WEB Platform in the Regional automatic Meteorological station

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2010年第12期1卷 59-62页

作者：于文革孙莹李惠琳董海涛辽宁省丹东市气象局辽宁丹东118000

Started from the business reality of automatic weather station,the basic idea that the information platform(system) of regional automatic weather station was designed and realized by using RIA technology was put *** on that RIA technology and the client-side development technology FLEX were expounded,'Regional automatic weather station Information Platform' which had the non-refresh operation,the good user experience and data processing capability was designed and realized by introducing ArcGIS API for Flex,and the technology advantage of RIA was fully embodied.

关键词： RIA Flex automatic weather station WEB platform China

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Design and Data Analysis of a New Type of Antifreezing Cup-Type Wind Velocity Sensor

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2023年第4期11卷 672-681页

作者： Jiajia Zhang Jianguang Han Jianan Yin Zheng Liu Ting Ma Hebei Provincial Meteorological Technology Equipment Center Shijiazhuang China Hengshui City Meteorological Bureau Hengshui China Hebei Provincial Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Environmental Meteorology Center Shijiazhuang China

In most areas of China, affected by the environment of low temperature and high humidity, the wind speed sensor and wind direction sensor are frozen and cannot output data in autumn, winter or the alternation of winter and spring. In order to solve the freezing situation of the wind sensor, this paper designs a new type of antifreeze wind speed sensor. After meteorology performance testing and field observation tests, the correlation coefficient of the observation data is demonstrated, and the data curve is fitted. The result shows the sensor is stable, and has a good antifreeze effect, the data output is reliable.

关键词： automatic weather station Wind Speed Sensor Wind Direction Sensor Freeze Cold-Resistant Technology

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Analysis and Treatment of Faults in the Operation of Rainfall Sensors in automatic weather stations

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2023年第2期14卷 1-3页

作者： Qichao TANG Yuan LIU Yiping LIN Weibiao ZHANG Shaoguan Meteorological Bureau Shaoguan 512028China

Based on the structure and working principle of rain sensors in new automatic weather stations,according to the abnormal precipitation records found in the observation business,the possible faults of rain sensors were analyzed,and treatment methods were discussed. Daily maintenance and management measures were put forward to ensure the normal operation of rain sensors and improve the quality of surface meteorological observation business.

关键词： Rainfall sensor Fault analysis Treatment automatic weather station

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Comparative Analysis of Climate Characteristics of Extremely Short-Time Severe Precipitation in Guizhou Based on Two Types of Rainfall Data

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2021年第1期12卷 63-69,74页

作者： Wenyu ZHOU Donghai ZHANG Dongpo HE Qiuhong HU Xingju WANG Guizhou Meteorological Observatory Guiyang 550002China Guizhou Climate Center Guiyang 550002China Anshun Meteorological Bureau of Guizhou Province Anshun 561000China

In order to fill the gaps of the research on the data of automatic weather stations(referred to as automatic stations)not used for the climate characteristics of extremely short-time severe precipitation in Guizhou Province,the climate characteristics of extremely short-time severe precipitation in Guizhou Province were compared and analyzed based on the hourly precipitation data of the automatic stations and the national weather stations(referred to as the national stations)from April to September during *** results show that the average state of maximum hourly precipitation of all stations(the automatic stations and the national stations)and national stations both are representative,but the data of all stations are more representative when the maximum hourly precipitation is *** 99.5 th quantile is the most reasonable threshold of extremely short-time severe precipitation in each *** spatial distribution of extremely short-time severe precipitation intensity in all stations and national stations is generally that the southern region is stronger than the northern region,and the intensity values are concentrated in the range of 40-50 mm/*** stations data can better reflect the distribution characteristics ofstations data underestimates the precipitation intensity in the southern and northeastern marginal areas of Guizhou,and slightly exaggerates the precipitation intensity in the northern part of *** monthly and diurnal variations of the frequency of extremely short-time severe precipitation in all stations and national stations are very obvious and the variation trend is the same,but the intensity of extremely short-time severe precipitation has no obvious monthly variation *** is no significant diurnal variation in the intensity of extremely short-time severe precipitation in all stations,but the diurnal variation in the data of national stations is *** the frequency o

关键词： automatic weather station National weather station Extremely short-time severe precipitation Comparative analysis

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Changing Characteristics of Urban Heat Island Effect in Weihai City

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2023年第6期14卷 8-15页

作者： Di WANG Qianqian SUN Wenpeng XIN Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Shandong Jinan 25000China Weihai Meteorological Bureau Weihai 264200China

Based on the local climate zoning theory and the observation data of hourly temperature of 22 automatic weather stations from 2012 to 2021, K-means clustering algorithm was used to analyze the daily, monthly, seasonal, annual and spatial variation characteristics of urban heat island effect in Weihai City in the past 10 years. The results showed that in recent 10 years, the average urban heat island intensity was 1.24 ℃, showing a gradual weakening trend of -0.169 3 ℃/10 a;the summer average heat island intensity was 0.86 ℃, showing a gradual weakening trend of -0.047 5 ℃/10 a. The heat island intensity had obvious diurnal variation characteristics, that is, "it was weak in the day and strong at night". In terms of seasonal variation, heat island effect was the weakest in summer, stronger in spring and autumn, and the strongest in winter. The diurnal, seasonal and annual changes of heat island intensity showed a reverse trend to those of temperature. The high-value area of urban heat island was highly consistent with human residential activity areas and industrial and commercial intensive areas, and the extension trend of heat island intensity was the same as the direction of urban development and construction. The "cold island phenomenon" in some offshore areas was related to the geographical location, terrain and the southeast monsoon trend in summer. The adverse effects of urban heat island effect can be reduced by optimizing the types and distribution of vegetation communities, rationally planning and constructing urban water body, promoting green building materials and adjusting shape design, etc.

关键词： Urban heat island effect Local climate zoning K-means clustering algorithm automatic weather station

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