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Enhanced auditory evoked potentials in musicians:A review of recent findings

Journal of Otology 2016年第2期11卷 63-72页

作者： Himanshu Kumar Sanju Prawin Kumar All India Institute of Speech and Hearing Department of Audiology All India Institute of Speech and Hearing

auditory evoked potentials serve as an objective mode for assessment to check the functioning of the auditory system and *** has reported enhanced electrophysiological responses in musicians, which shows neuroplasticity in musicians. Various databases including Pub Med, Google, Google Scholar and Medline were searched for references related to auditory evoked potentials in musicians from 1994 till date. Different auditory evoked potentials in musicians have been summarized in the present article. The findings of various studies may support as evidences for music-induced neuroplasticity which can be used for the treatment of various clinical disorders. The search results showed enhanced auditory evoked potentials in musicians compared to non-musicians from brainstem to cortical levels. Also, the present review showed enhanced attentive and pre-attentive skills in musicians compared to non-musicians.

关键词： Neuroplasticity auditory evoked potential Review Musicians Electrophysiological

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Decoding effects of psychoactive drugs in a high-dimensional space of eye movements in monkeys

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National Science Review 2023年第11期10卷 20-33页

作者： Xu Liu Zhixian Cheng He Lin Jiangxiu Tan Wenyao Chen Yichuan Bao Ying Liu Lei Zhong Yitian Yao Liping Wang Jijun Wang Yong Gu Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders Shanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Lingang Laboratory The Third Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Institute of NeuroscienceChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Oculomotor behavior has been shown to be correlated with mental disorders in clinics, making it promising for disease diagnosis. Here we developed a thorough oculomotor test toolkit, involving saccade, smooth pursuit, and fixation, allowing the examination of multiple oculomotor parameters in monkey models induced by psychoactive drugs. Eye movements were recorded after daily injections of phencyclidine(PCP)(3.0 mg/kg), ketamine(0.8 mg/kg) or controlled saline in two macaque monkeys. Both drugs led to robust reduction in accuracy and increment in reaction time during high cognitive-demanding tasks. Saccades,smooth pursuit, and fixation stability were also significantly impaired. During fixation, the involuntary microsaccades exhibited increased amplitudes and were biased toward the lower visual field. Pupillary response was reduced during cognitive tasks. Both drugs also increased sensitivity to auditory cues as reflected in auditory evoked potentials(AEPs). Thus, our animal model induced by psychoactive drugs produced largely similar abnormalities to that in patients with schizophrenia. Importantly, a classifier based on dimension reduction and machine learning could reliably identify altered states induced by different drugs(PCP, ketamine and saline, accuracy = 93%). The high performance of the classifier was reserved even when data from one monkey were used for training and testing the other subject(averaged classification accuracy = 90%). Thus, despite heterogeneity in baseline oculomotor behavior between the two monkeys, our model allows data transferability across individuals, which could be beneficial for future evaluation of pharmaceutical or physical therapy validity.

关键词： oculomotor monkey schizophrenia phencyclidine ketamine auditory evoked potential

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A zebrafish model for hearing loss and regeneration induced by blast wave

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Journal of Bio-X Research 2019年第2期2卷 87-97页

作者： Jiping Wang Zheng Yan Yazhi Xing Ke Lai Jian Wang Dongzhen Yu Haibo Shi Shankai Yin Department of Otolaryngology Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Underwater Acoustic Antagonizing Shanghai Marine Electronic Equipment Research Institute ShanghaiChina School of Human Communication Disorder Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada

Zebrafish have the potential to regrow injured organs and tissues,but their use as a model for hearing regeneration following blast injury has never been *** this study,zebrafish were exposed to a blast wave produced by an underwater blast wave *** first peak sound pressures produced by this generator were up to 224dB and 160kPa,measured at 25cm away from the *** hearing sensitivity was examined by analyzing auditory evoked potentials from 1 to 35 days post blast wave *** death and cell proliferation in inner ear organs,including the saccule,lagena,and utricle,were investigated using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling assay,and cell proliferation assay using 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine,*** differences in auditory evoked potential thresholds were observed between exposed and control groups,demonstrating both blast wave-induced hearing loss and recovery of hearing *** apoptosis assay revealed significantly increased numbers of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labelingpositive cells in the inner ear sensory epithelia of exposed groups compared with the control ***,numbers of 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine-positive cells in the inner ear of exposed groups recovered to a normal level within 10 post blast wave ***,blast wave exposure caused brain injury with increased cell apoptosis and decreased *** with drug or noise-induced zebrafish models,our blast wave-induced model elicited more serious hearing loss phenotypes,which required more time to return to a normal ***,this zebrafish model can provide a reliable animal model for both hearing loss and regeneration *** study was approved by the Shanghai 6th Hospital Animal Care and Use Committee,China(approval No.2017-0196)on February 28,2017.

关键词： blast wave zebrafish hearing loss brain injury auditory evoked potential hair cell apoptosis regeneration

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