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Bio-Efficacy of Plant-Derived Pesticides against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and Their Interactive Effects on Maize Agronomic Performance under Field Conditions

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第11期14卷 1535-1546页

作者： Junias Sogra Lux Jimmy Kenndy Kamik Alex Galus Department of Agriculture Papua New Guinea University of Technology Lae Papua New Guinea Department of Agriculture Sonoma Adventist College Kokopo Papua New Guinea Coconut Product Limited Rabaul Papua New Guinea National Agricultural Research Institute Kokopo Papua New Guinea

Maize is widely cultivated in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and provides farmers with nutrition and income. However, the fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) invasion is a threat to its production and supply. Hence, this field experiment was conducted to assess the bio-efficacy of plant-derived pesticides (PDPs) against FAW and their interactive effects on maize agronomic performance under field conditions. The treatments studied were turmeric rhizome extract (TRE), neem leaf ash solution (NLAS), neem bark extract (NBE), and untreated plots (control) and were replicated 5 times using the randomized complete block design. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were separated by Fisher’s protected least significant difference test. The result showed that the application of PDPs significantly reduced FAW infestation during the period of peak infestation. At 33 DAS, NBE significantly had the lowest number of FAW larvae (0.6) [F (4, 15) = 5.11, p = 0.02] and FAW attack intensity (29.8%) [F (4, 15) = 8.69, p F (4, 15) = 3.58, p = 0.04] and had the highest number of harvested ears (5.0) [F (4, 15) = 3.72, p = 0.04] and fresh ear weights (447 g) [F (4, 15) = 4.65, p = 0.02] compared to NLAS. The TRE and NLAS had performed poorly relative to the control. Hence, NBE can be used to control FAW infestation at a period of high attack intensity (33 DAS). Moreover, this study will provide basic information for future studies on biopesticidal plant extracts as a control of FAW infestation under field conditions in PNG.

关键词： FAW Larvae attack intensity Plant Height Harvested Ear Ear Fresh Weight

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Research on SynFlood attack Target Locating Method

Research on SynFlood Attack Target Locating Method

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2012年计算机应用与系统建模国际会议

作者： Liu Huiyu Chen Kai Chen Xiaosu school of computer sci. & tech. huazhong univ. of sci. & tech.

This paper proposes a new SynFlood attack target location method based on the Abnormal TCP Connection Graph (ATCG). The method build an Abnormal TCP Connection Graph based on the status of TCP connections. Then the method calculates the Abnormal Source Number (ASN) and attack intensity (AI). If such two values exceed the threshold defined in advance, the node which the IP address indicated can be determined as attack target. The simulation results indicate that the method has favorable accuracy and higher data packet processing capability. It can be deployed at the backbone router in a large or medium-sized network.

关键词： SynFlood attack Abnormal TCP Connection Graph attack intensity

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