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Interannual variation of annual precipitation and urban effect on precipitation in the Beijing region

Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2007年第9期17卷 1042-1050页

作者： Yu Shuqiu(State Key Laboratory on Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological sciences,Beijing 100081,China) State Key Laboratory on Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China

The large scale character of the interannual variation of precipitation and the urban effect on local annual precipitation anomaly are investigated in this paper based on the 1960-2000 annual precipitation observations at 20 stations in the Beijing region.The results show that:the annual precipitation in the Beijing region possesses the large scale variation character with the linear trend of-1.197/10 yr,which corresponds to a total reduction of 27.82 mm in annual precipitation in the 41 years;the local annual precipitation anomalies(percent of the normal 1960-2000)show a positive center near the urban area,i.***.urban precipitation island(UPI),whose intensity increases with the linear trend of 0.6621%/10 yr,opposite to the interannual trend of large scale precipitation over the Beijing region;changes in the UPI are also associated with the intensity of synoptic processes of precipitation,and when the synoptic processes are strong(wet years),the intensity of UPI strengthens,while the synoptic processes are weak(dry years),and the UPI disappears in the Beijing region.

关键词： urban precipitation island effect interannual climate variation precipitation Beijing atmospheric science

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INTERACTIONS OF MULTIPLE TYPHOONS AND RELATIONSHIPS OF HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL VORTICITY

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2017年第1期23卷 25-36页

作者：丁治英邢蕊徐海明高勇 Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisastersNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044 China PLA Unit 93966 JiuquanGansu 735006 China

Three typhoons, Goni, Morakot and Etau which were generated in Western Pacific in 2009, are successfully simulated by the WRF model. The horizontal and vertical vorticity and their interaction are analyzed and diagnosed by using the simulation results. It is shown that their resultant vectors had a fixed pattern in the evolution process of the three typhoons: The horizontal vorticity converged to the tropical cyclone(TC) center below 900 h Pa level, flowed out from it at around 900 to 800 h Pa, and flowed in between 800 h Pa and 700 h Pa. If multiple maximum wind speed centers showed up, the horizontal vorticity converged to the center of the typhoon below the maximum wind speed center and diverged from the TC center above the maximum wind speed center. At low levels, the three typhoons interacted with each other through vertical circulation generated by the vortex tube. This circulation was mainly generated by the eastward or westward horizontal vorticity vectors. Clouds and precipitation were generated on the ascending branch of the vertical circulation. The vortex tubes often flowed toward the southwest of the right TC from the northeast of the left TC. According to the full vorticity equation, the horizontal vorticity converted into the vertical vorticity near the maximum wind speed center below 850 h Pa level, and the period of most intense conversion was consistent with the intensification period of TC, while the vorticity advection was against the intensification. The vertical vorticity converted into the horizontal vorticity from 800 h Pa to 600 h Pa, and the wind speed decreased above the maximum wind speed region at low levels.

关键词： atmospheric science typhoon horizontal and vertical vorticity numerical simulation interaction

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Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa 1

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丛书名： Water science and Technology Library

2002年

作者： Mamdouh Shahin

ISBN: (数字)9780306480652

ISBN: (纸本)9781402008665;9789401742108

Africa, the cradle of many old civilizations, is the second largest world continent, and the homeland of nearly one-eighth of the world population. Despite Africa’s richness in natural resources, the average income per person, after excluding a few countries, is the lowest all over the world, and the percentage of inhabitants infected with contagious diseases is the highest. Development of Africa to help accommodate the ever-increasing population and secure a reasonable living standard to all inhabitants, though an enormous challenge is extremely necessary. Water is the artery of life, without it all living creatures on earth cannot survive. As such, a thorough knowledge of the meteorological and hydrological processes influencing the yield and quality of the water resources, surface and subsurface, and their distribution and variability in time and space is unavoidable for the overall development of any part of the world. It is highly probable that the said knowledge is at present a top priority to Africa, a continent that has been for so long-and probably still-devastated by the endless ambitions of colonial powers not to forget the corruption and destruction practiced by the internal powers, at least in some countries. The present book “Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa” is written with the aim of bringing together in one volume a fair amount of knowledge any professional involved in hydrology and water resources of Africa needs to know.

关键词： Geology atmospheric science Physical Geography Freshwater and Marine Ecology

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Flight Vehicle Performance and Aerodynamic Control

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丛书名： AIAA Education Series

2001年

作者： Frederick O. Smetana

ISBN: (数字)9781600861857

ISBN: (纸本)9781563474637

Flight Vehicle Performance and Aerodynamic Control is designed to serve as a text for either an 11-week or a 16-week course at the sophomore level. It explains typical methods used to estimate aircraft performance, the theoretical basis of these methods, and how various parameters derived from the aircraft geometry can be used to estimate the requirements of control surfaces and the aerodynamic forces required to actuate these surfaces. This book includes time-tested computer programs that perform the analyses in a manner that reduces student error and improves result accuracy. Because the source code is given, users with a FORTRAN compiler can modify the program to suit particular needs. The major advantage of the software is that more realistic problems may be treated and the effects of parametric programs are more accurate than calculators. The programs are available as executables for Windows machines as well as in ASCII source code versions that can be readily compiled and then executed on Unix, Linux, and Macintosh machines, and on mainframes.

关键词： Aerodynamic Performance Aerodynamics Aeronautical Engineering Aeronautics Aerospace Engineering Aerospace sciences Aircraft Carriers Aircraft Components and Structure Aircraft Conceptual Design Aircraft Design Aircraft Dynamic Modes Aircraft Engines Aircraft Instruments Aircraft Operations Aircraft Operations and Technology Aircraft Performance Aircraft Stability and Control Aircraft Stabilizer Aircraft Wing Components Aircraft Wing Design Aircrafts Airfoil Airfoil Nomenclature Airspeed Astrodynamics Astronautics atmospheric science Aviation Aviation Authorities and Organizations Aviation Safety Avionics Civil Aviation Combat Aircraft Combustion Chambers Compressors Energy Energy Conversion Energy Economics Energy Forms Energy Forms, Production and Conversion Energy Production Fixed-Wing Aircraft Flight Control Surfaces Flight Dynamics Flight Mechanics Flight Test Flight Training Fluid Dynamics Fluid Flow Properties Fluid Mechanics Fossil Fuels Fuel Injection Fuels Gas Turbine Guidance, Navigation, and Control Systems Heat Engines Helicopters Hydraulics Hydrodynamics Ignition Systems Jet Aircraft Liquid Fuels Longitudinal Static Stability Military Airbases Military Aircraft Military Aviation Non-Renewable Energy Petroleum Power Station Propulsion and Power Reciprocating Engine Rocket Engine Rocketry Rotorcrafts Sensors Short Takeoff and Landing Takeoff and Landing Transducers Turbines Turbomachinery Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Wind Engineering Wind Tunnels Wind Turbine Wing Configurations Wing Planforms

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