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Analysis of atmospheric effects on the continuous variable quantum key distribution

Chinese Physics B 2022年第11期31卷 211-218页

作者：刘涛赵硕 Ivan B.Djordjevic 刘舒宇王思佳吴彤李斌王平平张荣香 Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003China Hebei Key Laboratory of Power Internet of Things Technology North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003China Baoding Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Optical Communication Technology North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Arizona1230 E Speedway BlvdTucsonArizona 85721USA College of Physics Science and Technology Hebei UniversityBaoding 071002China

atmospheric effects have significant influence on the performance of a free-space optical continuous variable quantum key distribution(CVQKD)*** this paper,we investigate how the transmittance,excess noise and interruption probability caused by atmospheric effects affect the secret-key rate(SKR)of the *** signal wavelengths,two weather conditions,two detection schemes,and two types of attacks are considered in our *** expression aims at calculating the interruption probability is proposed based on the Kolmogorov spectrum *** results show that a signal using long working wavelength can propagate much further than that of using short ***,as the wavelength increases,the influence of interruption probability on the SKR becomes more significant,especially within a certain transmission ***,interruption probability must be considered for CVQKD by using long-signal ***,different detection schemes used by the receiver will result in different transmission distances when subjected to individual attacks and collective attacks,respectively.

关键词： atmospheric effect continuous variable key distribution free space quantum communication secret-key rate

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Science and technology of atmospheric effects on optical engineering：Progress in 3rd quinquennium of 21st century

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2017年第12期60卷 1771-1783页

作者： RAO RuiZhong Key Laboratory of atmospheric Optics Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China

Brief introduction with remarks is given for recent work in optical properties of turbulent and turbid atmospheres and their effects on optical engineering. Emphasis about turbulence investigation is paid on spatial structure characteristics of optical turbulence,turbulence profiling with lidar technology, and turbulence prediction based on mesoscale atmospheric model. Discussion of turbid atmosphere study is focused on light scattering by non-spherical aerosol particles, high resolution atmospheric transmittance from solar radiation measurement, total sky imaging with high spectral resolution, and the modulation transfer function of a turbid medium. Key points about light propagation through turbulence include non-Kolmogorov turbulence effects, probability distribution models of scintillation, and combined beam propagation. atmospheric effects on quantum communication are discussed, and statistical characteristics of atmospheric effects on optical engineering are introduced.

关键词： optical engineering atmospheric effect light propagation turbulence aerosol particles

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The Role of atmospheric Pressure, Temperature, and Humidity on Cosmic Ray Muons at a Low Latitude Station

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2023年第3期13卷 236-258页

作者： Abdullrahman H. Maghrabi Safia A. Alzahrani Aied S. Alruhaili National Institute for Climate Change Technology King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology Riyadh Saudi Arabia Astronomy and Space Science Department King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between atmospheric conditions and cosmic ray (CR) muons using daily and monthly CR data collected by the KAAU muon detector in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between 2007 and 2012. Specifically, the study examined the effects of atmospheric pressure, air temperature, and relative humidity on CR muons at different time scales (annual, seasonal, and monthly). The results of the analysis revealed that atmospheric pressure and air temperature had a negative impact on CR muons, while relative humidity had a positive impact. Although air temperature and relative humidity had small mean values across all time scales, their coefficients varied significantly from month to month and season to season. In addition, the study conducted multivariable correlation analyses for each day, which showed that pressure coefficients had consistently negative mean values, while the temperature and humidity coefficients had varying effects, ranging from positive to negative values. The reasons for the variations in the coefficients are not yet fully understood, but the study proposed several possible terrestrial and extraterrestrial explanations. These findings provide important insights into the complex interactions between the Earth’s atmosphere and cosmic rays, which can contribute to a better understanding of the potential impacts of cosmic rays on the Earth’s climate and environment.

关键词： Cosmic Rays Jeddah atmospheric effect High Rigidity Muons

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DEFPOS and Its First Results

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Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2005年第2期5卷 211-220页

作者： M.■ahan .Ye■ingil N.Aksaker .Kιzιo■lu M.Akyιlmaz Department of Physics Cukurova University 01330AdanaTurkeyDepartment of Physics Cukurova University01330AdanaTurkey Department of Physics Cukurova University01330AdanaTurkeyDepartment of Physics Middle East Technical UniversityAnkaraTurkeyDepartment of Physics Cukurova University01330AdanaTurkey

A spectrometer was built to examine the interstellar medium (ISM) using the hydrogen Balmer α line. It is called Dual Etalon Fabry-Perot Optical Spectrometer (DEFPOS). DEFPOS will be coupled to coudé exit of the 150 cm telescope (RTT150) installed at TüBITAK National Observatory (TUG). DEFPOS was ready for observations about two years ago, but work was still continuing on the RTT150 coudé exit alignment. So we have started observing HII regions with DEFPOS without the RTT150. We present here some characteristics of the instrument and some of the results obtained.

关键词： ISM: general ISM: HII regions instrumentation: Interferometers techniques:interferometric atmospheric effect

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Using Earth’s Moon as a Testbed for Quantifying the effect of the Terrestrial Atmosphere

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Natural Science 2017年第8期9卷 251-288页

作者： Gerhard Kramm Ralph Dlugi Nicole Molders Engineering Meteorology Consulting FairbanksAKUSA Arbeitsgruppe Atmospharische Prozesse(AGAP) MunichGermany Department of atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Institute University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAKUSA

In the past, the planetary radiation balance served to quantify the atmospheric greenhouse effect by the difference between the globally averaged near-surface temperature of and the respective effective radiation temperature of the Earth without atmosphere of resulting in . Since such a “thought experiment” prohibits any rigorous assessment of its results, this study considered the Moon as a testbed for the Earth in the absence of its atmosphere. Since the angular velocity of Moon’s rotation is 27.4 times slower than that of the Earth, the forcing method, the force-restore method, and a multilayer-force-restore method, used in climate modeling during the past four decades, were alternatively applied to address the influence of the angular velocity in determining the Moon’s globally averaged skin (or slab) temperature, . The multilayer-force-restore method always provides?the highest values for , followed by the force-restore method and the forcing method, but the differences are marginal. Assuming a solar albedo of , a relative emissivity , and a solar constant of and applying the multilayer-force-restore method yielded and for the Moon. Using the same values for α, ε, and S, but assuming the Earth’s angular velocity for the Moon yielded and quantifying the effect of the terrestrial atmosphere by . A sensitivity study for a solar albedo of commonly assumed for the Earth in the absence of its atmosphere yielded , , and . This means that the atmospheric effect would be more than twice as large as the aforementioned difference of 33 K. To generalize the findings, twelve synodic months (i.e., 354 Earth days) and 365 Earth days, where , a Sun-zenith-distance dependent solar albedo, and the variation of the solar radiation in dependence of the actual orbit position and the tilt angle of the corresponding rotation axis to the ecliptic were considered. The case of Moon’s true angular velocity yielded and . Whereas Earth’s 27.4 times higher angular velocity yielded , and . I

关键词： atmospheric effect Planetary Radiation Budget Planetary Albedo effective Radiation Temperature Skin Temperature Slab Temperature Forcing Method Force-Restore Method Multilayer-Force-Restore Method Global Averaging

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