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The Jiao Tong University Spectroscopic Telescope Project

astronomical Techniques and Instruments 2024年第1期1卷 16-30页

作者： JUST Team Chengze Liu Ying Zu Fabo Feng Zhaoyu Li Yu Yu Hua Bai Xiangqun Cui Bozhong Gu Yizhou Gu Jiaxin Han Yonghui Hou Zhongwen Hu Hangxin Ji Yipeng Jing Wei Li Zhaoxiang Qi Xianyu Tan Cairang Tian Dehua Yang Xiangyan Yuan Chao Zhai Congcong Zhang Jun Zhang Haotong Zhang Pengjie Zhang Yong Zhang Yi Zhao Xianzhong Zheng Qingfeng Zhu Xiaohu Yang Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Astronomy School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Nanjing Institute of astronomical Optics&Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210042China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences NanjingNanjing 211135China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408China Lenghu Technology Innovation Industrial Park Management Committee Lenghu 817400China Shanghai astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China National astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China

The Jiao Tong University Spectroscopic Telescope(JUST)is a 4.4-meter f/6.0 segmented-mirror telescope dedicated to spectroscopic observations.The JUST primary mirror is composed of 18 hexagonal segments,each with a diameter of 1.1 m.JUST provides two Nasmyth platforms for placing science instruments.One Nasmyth focus fits a field of view of 10′and the other has an extended field of view of 1.2°with correction optics.A tertiary mirror is used to switch between the two Nasmyth foci.JUST will be installed at a site at Lenghu in Qinghai Province,China,and will conduct spectroscopic observations with three types of instruments to explore the dark universe,trace the dynamic universe,and search for exoplanets:(1)a multi-fiber(2000 fibers)medium-resolution spectrometer(R=4000-5000)to spectroscopically map galaxies and large-scale structure;(2)an integral field unit(IFU)array of 500 optical fibers and/or a long-slit spectrograph dedicated to fast follow-ups of transient sources for multi-messenger astronomy;(3)a high-resolution spectrometer(R~100000)designed to identify Jupiter analogs and Earth-like planets,with the capability to characterize the atmospheres of hot exoplanets.

关键词： astronomical instrumentation Optical telescopes Large-scale structure of the universe Redshift surveys Time domain astronomy Exoplanet astronomy

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Design and application of an autonomous Master Control System for a multi-layer magnetic and helioseismic telescope

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astronomical Techniques and Instruments 2024年第3期1卷 187-196页

作者： Liyue Tong Yingzi Sun Xiao Yang Jiaben Lin Yuanyong Deng Xianyong Bai Bingxiang Wang Xiaoming Zhu Yang Bai Yi Shang Hui Wang National astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhan 430023China

With the growing significance of space weather forecasting,multi-layer magnetic and helioseismic telescopes are emerging as a key area of research.However,owing to the diverse operational processes and sophisticated hardware configurations of these devices,there is an urgent need for efficient autonomous observation capabilities.An autonomous Master Control System(MCS)can ensure efficient performance,data consistency,and stability,and the prototype presented here adopts a microservices architecture,breaking down the hardware into multiple subsystems and converting their functions into individual services.A central decision-making system leads the operations,supported by three auxiliary systems and three device control systems.Through inter-subsystem service calls,it achieves rapid imaging and spectroscopic monitoring.To verify system stability and observation efficiency,the system was tested on the Solar Full-disk Multi-layer Magnetograph.Experimental results verify this system can operate automatically for 4 consecutive months,acquire photospheric vector magnetic and Doppler velocity fields within a 15-minute interval,and measure chromospheric longitudinal magnetic and Doppler velocity fields in under 180 s.This ensures consistent and stable solar monitoring and serves as a practical methodological benchmark for the development of similar devices.

关键词： astronomical instrumentation Telescopes Solar optical telescopes Automated telescopes

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Investigations of Thermal Deformation Based on the Monitoring System of Tianma 13.2 m VGOS Telescope

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第9期22卷 35-46页

作者： Shize Song Zhongkai Zhang Guangli Wang Yong Zheng Shanghai astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 20030China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing.100049China Information Engineering University Zhengzhou 450000China Henan Industrial Technology Academy of Spatio-Temporal Big Data Zhengzhou 450000China

The thermal expansion of radio telescopes has been recognized as a significant systematic error in Very Long Baseline Interferometry(VLBI) data analysis. Although the thermal expansion model recommended by International Earth Rotation Service(IERS) Conventions 2010 can achieve millimeter accuracy for the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry(IVS) routine telescopes, both the International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2020(ITRF2020) in preparation and the VLBI2010 project encourage the scientific community to reconsider its modeling. To this end, we developed a monitoring system for the Tianma 13.2 m VLBI Global Observing System(VGOS) telescope. Based on the observed data, we refined the IERS expansion model, with results showing that the accuracy of our modified model was improved by 1.9 times. It suggested that the IERS thermal expansion model can achieve the declared millimeter accuracy, and refining its modeling can meet the requirement of 0.3 mm rms stability of the VGOS antenna reference point for the VLBI2010 project.

关键词： astronomical instrumentation Methods and Techniques methods:analytical methods:data analysis telescopes

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Modeling and Measuring Friction of the Leighton 10m Telescope

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第12期22卷 311-321页

作者： Yongwei Guo David Woody Nicolas Matinez Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy Camino El Observatorio 1515Las CondesSantiagoChile National astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China California Institute of Technology Owens Valley Radio ObservatoryBig PineCA 93513USA Universidad de Concepcion Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y MatematicasConcepcion403000Chile

Estimating and identifying friction are important aspects of simulating a mechanical drive system. Accurate friction modeling helps to improve a telescope's performance. However, the friction conditions inside are complex and hard to measure. We did simulations with mathematical transfer functions for the Leighton 10 m Telescope and employed a polyline model to identify sources of friction. We made a two-stage model for the Leighton 10 m Telescope. Based on measurements of the motor's currents and speeds, we constructed a curve containing the friction information of the transmission elements. We simulated the system using a step function input under many combinations of friction parameters. By comparing simulation results with the measured ones, we determined the various friction components. This model accurately reproduced the telescope performance including the nonlinearities.

关键词： astronomical instrumentation methods and techniques telescopes methods:analytical

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Prognostics and health management of FAST cable-net structure based on digital twin technology

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020年第5期20卷 109-116页

作者：李庆伟姜鹏李辉 National astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Key Laboratory of FAST National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST)will be fully commissioned later in 2019.Once commissioned,operation and maintenance of FAST will be the most prominent task.The unique working mode of active shape-changing of FAST cable-net structure makes the traditional maintenance way,which combines routine inspection with preventive maintenances not only expensive,but also unable to effectively avoid potential risks in operations.Therefore,it is necessary to develop an economical and reliable operation/maintenance technology for FAST cable-net structure.In this paper,a Prognostics and Health Management(PHM)system is proposed based on the advanced Digital Twin(DT)technology.Through the finite element analysis of DT model,the current safety status of FAST cablenet is evaluated,and the fatigue life of components in the cable-net is predicted.Hence Condition-Based Maintenance(CBM)of FAST cable-net structure can be realized.The PHM system described in this paper can effectively guarantee the healthy and safe operation of the FAST cable-net structure,greatly improve the maintenance efficiency and reduce the cost for maintenance works.

关键词： telescopes astronomical instrumentation methods and techniques methods:analytical methods:data analysis

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Distributed Control Software for the Active Surface System of Tian-ma Radio Telescope

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2023年第11期23卷 225-231页

作者： Dong Zhang Rong-Bing Zhao Zhen Yan Wei-Hua Shang-Guan Qian Ye Zhi-Qiang Shen Qing-Hui Liu Jin-Qing Wang Li Fu Chu-Yuan Zhang Dong-Fang Song Si-Yu Liu Shanghai astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Chongqing Jiaotong University Chongqing 400074China

The Tian-ma Radio Telescope(TMRT) applies an Active Surface System(ASFS), which corrects for large-scale deformations due to gravity and thermal on the primary reflector. The centralized and automated management of the ASFS using software has become a challenge, for which we have developed the TMRT Active Surface System Control Software(TASCS). This paper describes the design and implementation of TASCS for device control,status monitoring, human-computer interaction, and data management functionalities. TASCS adopts the opensource Tango Controls framework and distributes middleware technology to realize real-time automated adjustment of the primary reflector through remote centralized control of a large number of actuators. At present, it has been successfully deployed on the TMRT and has played an important role in Event Horizon Telescope observations.

关键词： astronomical instrumentation Methods and Techniques telescopes instrumentation:high angular resolution techniques:high angular resolution

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Investigating the efficiency of the Beijing Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera(BFOSC)of the Xinglong 2.16-m reflector

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2018年第9期18卷 53-62页

作者： Yong Zhao Zhou Fan Juan-Juan Ren Liang Ge Xiao-Ming Zhang Hong-Bin Li Hui-Juan Wang Jian-Feng Wang Peng Qiu Xiao-Jun Jiang Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The Beijing Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera （BFOSC） is one of the most important instruments operating in conjunction with the 2.16-m telescope at Xinglong Observatory. Every year there are - 20 SCI-papers published based on observational data acquired with this telescope. In this work, we have systemically measured the total efficiency of the BFOSC that operates as part of the 2.16-m reflector, based on observations of two ESO flux standard stars. We have obtained the total efficiencies of the BFOSC instrument of different grisms with various slit widths in almost all ranges, and analyzed factors which effect the efficiency of this telescope and spectrograph. For astronomical observers, the result will be useful for them to select a suitable slit width, depending on their scientific goals and weather conditions during observations. For technicians, the result will help them to systemically identify the real efficiency of the telescope and spectrograph, and to further improve the total efficiency and observing capacity of the telescope technically.

关键词： astronomical instrumentation methods and techniques - instrumentation： spectrographs

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The Edge Sensor of Segmented Mirror Based on Fringes of Equal Thickness

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2023年第6期23卷 238-251页

作者： Xi Zhang Heng Zuo Yong Zhang Ye-Ping Li Nanjing Institute of astronomical Optics and Technology National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210042China Key Laboratory of astronomical Optics and Technology Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210042China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China National astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Co-phase and co-focus detection is one of the key technologies for large-aperture segmented mirror telescopes.In this paper,a new edge sensor based on fringes of equal thickness is developed,which can detect each segment's relative piston,tilt,and tip errors from the interferograms.Based on the co-focus demand for many ground-based seeing limited segmented mirror telescopes,an edge sensor prototype based on such a principle is built and applied in the indoor segmented mirror experiment system in the lab.According to the co-focus requirement of the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope,many simulations and experiments are carried out for cofocus error detection of the segmented mirror system.Experiment results show that the co-focus accuracy is better than 002 rms,which can meet the co-focus requirements of most large or extremely large segmented mirror astronomical telescopes.

关键词： instrumentation:interferometers astronomical instrumentation methods and techniques techniques:interferometric

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Narrowband EUV Sc/Si Multilayer for the Solar Upper Transition Region Imager at 46.5 nm

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2023年第10期23卷 210-217页

作者： Runze Qi Jiali Wu Jun Yu Chunling He Li Jiang Yue Yu Zhe Zhang Qiushi Huang Zhong Zhang Zhanshan Wang Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-structured Materials Ministry of EducationTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Institute of Precision Optical Engineering School of Physics Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

The transition region is the key region between the lower solar atmosphere and the corona, which has been limitedly understood by human beings. Therefore, the Solar Upper Transition Region Imager(SUTRI) was proposed by Chinese scientists and launched in 2022 July. Right now, the first imaging observation of the upper transition region around 46.5 nm has been carried out by SUTRI. To ensure the spectral and temporal resolution of the SUTRI telescope, we have developed a narrowband Sc/Si multilayer. Based on the extreme ultraviolet(EUV)reflectivity measurements, the multilayer structure has been modified for ensuring the peak position of reflectivity was at 46.5 nm. Finally, the narrowband Sc/Si multilayer was successfully deposited on the hyperboloid primary mirror and secondary mirrors. The deviation of multilayer thickness uniformity was below than 1%, and the average EUV reflectivity at 46.1 nm was 27.8% with a near-normal incident angle of 5°. The calculated bandwidth of the reflectivity curve after primary and secondary mirrors was 2.82 nm, which could ensure the requirements of spectral resolution and reflectivity of SUTRI telescope to achieve its scientific goals.

关键词： astronomical instrumentation Methods and Techniques instrumentation:high angular resolution Sun:UV radiation

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Direct Ion Beam Figuring Process and Rotational Measurement Method for Ultra-smooth Aspherical Surfaces of a 46.5 nm Telescope

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2023年第11期23卷 136-149页

作者： Weichen Gu Jun Yu Pengfeng Sheng Qiaoyu Wu Qiushi Huang Zhanshan Wang Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-structured Materials Ministry of EducationTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Institute of Precision Optical Engineering School of Physics Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

This paper describes a fabrication process for the hyperboloidal concave mirror of a 46.5 nm telescope. The180 mm aperture hyperboloidal concave mirror and 70 mm aperture compensator are machined directly from chemical mechanical polishing of a spherical surface to a high-accuracy aspherical surface by ion beam figuring.The aspherical measurement method is the Dall null test. To minimize system errors in the measurement process,the rotational measurement method with six rotations is used in the null test. The results of the analysis for the ME(first solve the machined surface profile, then solve the system errors) and EM(first solve the system errors, then solve the machined surface profile) methods of calculation in the measurement are given. The ME method is a more accurate rotational test method, and the six rotations are appropriate for rotational measurements. After the figuring process, the hyperboloidal concave mirror surface profile reached 8.27 nm rms and the compensator surface profile is approximately 4 nm rms. The roughness of the hyperboloidal concave mirror is smooth to0.160 nm rms.

关键词： astronomical instrumentation Methods and Techniques instrumentation:high angular resolution telescopes

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