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Glutamine,glutamate,and aspartate differently modulate energy homeostasis of small intestine under normal or low energy status in piglets

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 216-226页

作者： Jing Wang Nan Wang Ming Qi Jianjun Li Bie Tan College of Animal Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128HunanChina Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and RegulationSchool of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081HunanChina Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical RegionNational Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry ProductionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125HunanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10008China

Weaning stress may cause reduced energy intake for maintenance of mucosal structure.Gln,Glu,and Asp are major energy sources for the small intestine.This study investigated whether Gln,Glu,and Asp improve the intestinal morphology via regulating the energy metabolism in weaning piglets.A total of 198 weaned piglets were assigned to 3 treatments:Control(Basal diet+1.59%L-Ala);T1(Basal diet+1%L-Gln+0.5%L-Glu+0.1%L-Asp);T2(Low energy diet+1%L-Gln+0.5%L-Glu+0.1%L-Asp).Jejunum and ileum were obtained on d 5 or 21 post-weaning.T1 enhanced growth performance.T1 and T2 treatments improved small intestinal morphology by increasing villus height,goblet cell number and decreasing crypt depth.Days post-weaning affected the efficacy of T2,but not T1,on energy metabolism.At normal energy supplementation,Gln,Glu,and Asp restored small intestinal energy homeostasis via replenishing the Krebs'cycle and down-regulating the AMPK(adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase)pathway.As these are not sufficient to maintain the intestinal energy-balance of piglets fed with a low energy diet on d 5 post-weaning,the AMPK,glycolysis,beta-oxidation,and mitochondrial biogenesis are activated to meet the high energy demand of enterocytes.These data indicated that Gln,Glu,and Asp could restore the energy homeostasis of intestinal mucosa of weaning piglets under normal energy fed.Low energy feeding may increase the susceptibility of piglets to stress,which may decrease the efficacy of Gln,Glu,and Asp on the restoration of energy balance.These findings provide new information on nutritional intervention for insufficient energy intake in weaning piglets.

关键词： Glutamine Glutamate aspartate Small intestine Energy metabolism

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor functions altered by neuronal PTP1B activation in Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia models

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2208-2210页

作者： Alexandre F.R.Stewart Hsiao-Huei Chen Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Ottawaand University of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawaONCanada Centre for Infection Immunity and InflammationOttawaONCanada Medicine Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Ottawa Brain and Mind InstituteOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaONCanada

Glutamate is the main exc i tatory neurotransmitter in the brain and binds to two major classes of receptors,theα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid(AMPA)and the N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)receptors.Unlike AMPA receptors that are immediately activated by glutamate release,NMDA receptors are blocked by magnesium and can only be activated by glutamate after membrane depolarization.Thus,NMDA receptors are only activated after repeated AMPA receptor activation by glutamate.NMDA receptors are,for the most part,calcium-permeable channels.Calcium influx through NMDA receptors modulates synaptic transmission in neurons based on prior history of excitation,and provides a means of scaling the strength of synapses required for Hebbian plasticity.

关键词： PTP1B aspartate NMDA

Baseline aspartate aminotransferase/alanine transaminase ratio is associated with 3-year mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第13期135卷 1622-1624页

作者： Ruoxi Liao Xueli Zhou Dengyan Ma Jing Tang Hui Zhong Department of Nephrology West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China.

To the Editor:Peritoneal dialysis(PD)is a well-established renal replacement therapyin end-stage renal disease(ESRD)patients.Despite significant advances in technologies in recent decades,the mortality of PD patients remains high.Identifying prognostic factors for PD patients may help to identify patients at high risk.The aspartate aminotransferase(AST)/alanine transaminase(ALT)ratio was originally proposed as a marker of hepatic diseases.In recent years,researchers have found this ratio to be related to morbidity and mortality in other populations as well.[1,2]Therefore,we conducted this study to evaluate the prognostic value of the aspartate aminotransferase/alanine transaminase ratio(AST/ALT)ratio in PD patients.

关键词： patients dialysis aspartate

Targeting TRPM2- and TRPM4-extrasynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor coupling in ischemic stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第11期18卷 2383-2384页

作者： Pengyu Zong Cindy X.Li Jianlin Feng Lixia Yue Department of Cell Biology Calhoun Cardiology CenterUConn HealthFarmingtonCTUSA

Ischemic stroke represents a heavy burden on public health.Currently,recanalization is the only effective therapy for ischemic stroke in a small population of eligible patients.However,there is no effective adjunct medication for preventing neuron loss after reperfusion to mitigate longlasting brain injury.Extrasynaptic N-methyl-Daspartate receptors (esNMDARs) are the major cause of ischemic neuronal death.However,there is no inhibitor selectively ta rgeting esNMDARs without compromising the function of other"beneficial"syna ptic NMDARs.

关键词： aspartate ischemic medication

Glutamate and aspartate alleviate testicular/epididymal oxidative stress by supporting antioxidant enzymes and immune defense systems in boars

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2020年第1期63卷 116-124页

作者： Wenjie Tang Jian Wu Shunshun Jin Liuqin He Qinlu Lin Feijun Luo Xingguo He Yanzhong Feng Binsheng He Pingping Bing Tiejun Li Yulong Yin Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessNational Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry ProductionChangsha 410125China National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality ControlHunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical PurposeCollege of Food Science and EngineeringCentral South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China Academics Working Station at The First Affiliated Hospital Changsha Medical UniversityChangsha 410219China Sichuan Academy of Animal Sciences Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu 610066China ^Changsha Green LecrfBiotechnology Co. Ltd.Changsha 610066Hunan Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin 150086China

Several potential oxidative agents have damaging effects on mammalian reproductive systems.This study was conducted to investigate the effects of glutamate(Glu)and aspartate(Asp)supplementation on antioxidant enzymes and immune defense systems in the outer scrotum of boars injected with H2O2.A total of 24 healthy boars were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups:control(basal diet,saline-treated),H2O2(basal diet,H2O2-challenged outer scrotum(1 m L kg^–1 BW)),Glu(basal diet+2%Glu,H2O2-challenged),and Asp(basal diet+2%Asp,H2O2-challenged).Our results showed that both Glu and Asp supplementation improved testicular morphology and decreased the genital index in the H2O2-treated boars.Glu and Asp administration increased the antioxidant enzyme activities and affected the testicular inflammatory cytokine secretion but had no effect on sex hormone levels.Furthermore,the m RNA expression of CAT,Cu Zn SOD,and GPx4 was altered in the testes and epididymis of boars treated with Asp and Glu.Glu and Asp supplementation also modulated the expression of TGF-β1,IL-10,TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1βin the testis and epididymis.These results indicate that dietary Glu and Asp supplementation might enhance antioxidant capacity and regulate the secretion and expression of inflammatory cytokines to protect the testes and epididymis of boars against oxidative stress.

关键词： glutamate aspartate boars oxidative stress inflammatory cytokines

Diagnostic value of gamma-glutamyltransferase/aspartate aminotransferase ratio, protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II, and alpha-fetoprotein in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第36期25卷 5515-5529页

作者： Qiang Wang Qi Chen Xia Zhang Xiao-Lan Lu Qin Du Tao Zhu Guo-Yuan Zhang Dong-Sheng Wang Qu-Ming Fan Department of Laboratory Medicine Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000 Sichuan Province China Faculty of Laboratory Medicine Center for Translational Medicine North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000 Sichuan Province China Department of Laboratory Medicine Affiliated Sichuan Ba-Yi Rehabilitation Center of Chengdu University of TCM Chengdu 610000 Sichuan Province China Department of Laboratory Medicine of the Ninth People’s Hospital of Chongqing Chongqing 400700 China Department of Preventive Medicine North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000 Sichuan Province China

BACKGROUND Researchers have investigated the diagnostic value of protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II (PIVKA-II) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and obtained abundant clinical diagnostic data. However, PIVKA-II and AFP have unsatisfactory specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of early-stage HBV-related HCC. Gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are common biomarkers for evaluating liver function, and we hypothesized that the γ-GT/AST ratio in combination with PIVKA-II and AFP would improve the diagnosis of early-stage HBV-related HCC. AIM To evaluate the diagnostic value of γ-GT/AST ratio alone or in combination with PIVKA-II and AFP in HBV-related HCC. METHODS Serum levels of γ-GT, AST, PIVKA-II, and AFP were detected and analysed in 176 patients with HBV-related HCC and in 359 patients with chronic hepatitis B. According to tumour size and serum level of HBV DNA, HBV-related HCC patients were divided into the following categories: Early-stage HCC patients, HCC patients, HBV DNA positive (HBV DNA+) HCC patients, and HBV DNA negative (HBV DNA-) HCC patients. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyse and compare the diagnostic value of the single and combined detection of various biomarkers in different types of HBV-related HCC. RESULTS Tumour size was positively correlated with serum levels of PIVKA-II and AFP in HCC patients (r = 0.529, aP 0.05). When PIVKA-II was combined with the γ-GT/AST ratio in the diagnosis of earlystage HCC, HCC, and H

关键词： Gamma-glutamyltransferase aspartate aminotransferase Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II Alpha-fetoprotein Hepatitis B virus Hepatocellular carcinoma

Dietary glutamine,glutamate,and aspartate supplementation improves hepatic lipid metabolism in post-weaning piglets

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第2期6卷 124-129页

作者： Ming Qi Jing Wanga Bi'e Tan Jianjun Li Simeng Liao Yanhong Liu Yulong Yin Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionNational Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry ProductionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100008China Department of Animal Science University of CaliforniaDavis 95616CAUSA

A previous study has demonstrated that early weaning significantly suppressed hepatic glucose metabolism in piglets.Glutamate(Glu),aspartate(Asp)and glutamine(Gln)are major metabolic fuels for the small intestine and can alleviate weaning stress,and therefore might improve hepatic energy metabolism.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of administration of Glu,Asp and Gln on the expression of hepatic genes and proteins involved in lipid metabolism in post-weaning piglets.Thirty-six weaned piglets were assigned to the following treatments:control diet(Control;basal diet+15.90 g/kg alanine);Asp,Gln and Glu-supplemented diet(Control+AA;basal diet+1.00 g/kg Asp+5.00 g/kg Glu+10.00 g/kg Gln);and the energy-restricted diet supplemented with Asp,Gln and Glu(Energy^-+AA;energy deficient diet+1.00 g/kg Asp+5.00 g/kg Glu+10.00 g/kg Gln),Liver samples were obtained on d 5 and 21 post-weaning.Piglets fed Energy^-+AA diet had higher liver mRNA abundances of acyl-CoA oxidase 1(ACOX1),succinate dehydrogenase(SDH),mitochondrial transcription factor A(TFAM)and sirtuin 1(SIRT1),as well as higher protein expression of serine/threonine protein kinase 11(LKB1),phosphor-acetyl-CoA carboxylase(P-ACC)and SIRT1 compared with piglets fed control diet(P<0.05)on d 5 post-weaning.Control+AA diet increased liver malic enzyme 1(ME1)and SIRT1 mRNA levels,as well as protein expression of LKBl and P-ACC on d 5 post-weaning(P<0.05).On d 21 post-weaning,compared to control group,Glu,Gln and Asp supplementation up-regulated the mRNA levels of ACOX1,ME1 and SIRT1(P<0.05).These findings indicated that dietary Glu,Gln and Asp supplementation could improve hepatic lipid metabolism to some extent,which may provide nutritional intervention for the insufficient energy intake after weaning in piglets.

关键词： Glutamate aspartate Glutamine Post-weaning piglets Hepatic lipid metabolism

aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index in hepatitis C virus and Schistosomiasis coinfection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第46期21卷 13132-13139页

作者： Moutaz Derbala Mohammed Elshiekh Elbadri Aliaa Mohamed Amer Saad Al Kaabi Khaleel Hassan Sultan Yasser Medhat Kamel Eman Hassan Satti Elsayed Tony Yervant Avades Prem Chandra Fatma M Shebl Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hamad Medical CorporationHamad General Hospital Gastroenterology and Hepatology Theodor Bilharz Research Institute Medical Department Weill Cornell Medical College Laboratory Medicine and pathology Hematology SectionHamad Medical CorporationHamad General Hospital General Medicine Medical EducationHamad Medical CorporationHamad General Hospital Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Hamad Medical CorporationHamad General Hospital Medical Research Center Hamad Medical CorporationHamad General Hospital Chronic Disease Epidemiology DepartmentYale School of Public Health

AIM: To assess the diagnostic accuracy,of aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index(APRI) alone and with antischistosomal antibody(Ab) in patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV) and schistosomiasis coinfection. METHODS: This retrospective study included medical records of three hundred and eighty three Egyptianmen patients who had undergone percutaneous liver biopsy between January 2006 to April 2014 in tertiary care hospital in Qatar for diagnosis or monitoring purpose were selected. Data of patients > 18 years of age were included in the study. The values of HCV RNA titer and antischistosomal antibody titer were also taken into consideration. Patients were excluded from the study if they had any other concomitant chronic liver disease,including; history of previous antiviral or interferon therapy,immunosuppressive,therapy,chronic hepatitis B infection,human immunodeficiency virus co-infection,autoimmune hepatitis,decompensated liver disease,hepatocellular carcinoma,prior liver transplantation,and if no data about the liver biopsy present. RESULTS: Median age of patients was 46 years. About 7.1% had no fibrosis,whereas 30.4%,37.5%,20.4%,and 4.6% had fibrosis of stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ respectively. In bivariate analysis,APRI score,levels of AST,platelet count and age of patient showed statistically significant association with liver fibrosis(P < 0.0001); whereas antischistosomal antibody titer(P = 0.52) and HCV RNA titer(P = 0.79) failed to show a significant association. The respective AUC values for no fibrosis,significant fibrosis,severe fibrosis and cirrhosis of APRI score were 63%,73.2%,81.1% and 88.9% respectively. This showed good sensitivity and specificity of APRI alone for grading of liver fibrosis. But the inclusion of anti-Schistosoma antibody did not improve the prediction of fibrosis stage. CONCLUSION: The study results suggest that noninvasive biochemical markers like APRI are sensitive and specific in diagnosing the degree of fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with coinfection of HCV and schistosomiasis as

关键词： Hepatitis C Schistosomiasis aspartate transaminase

Is aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index a biomarker in the evaluation of advanced fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?

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Gastroenterology Report 2014年第4期2卷 323-324页

作者： Mehmet Agilli Fevzi Nuri Aydin Tuncer Cayci Yasemin Gulcan Kurt Department of Biochemistry Agri Military HospitalAgriTurkey Department of Biochemistry Sirnak Military HospitalSirnakTurkey Department of Medical Biochemistry Gulhane Military Medical AcademyAnkaraTurkey

Dear Editor,We read with great interest the recent article by Tapper et al.[1].The authors aimed to determine the clinical predictors of advanced histology in the referral population.In multivariate logistic regression analyses,they have demonstrated that body mass index(BMI)30 kg/m2,female gender,and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)>40 IU/L were associated with a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)activity score>4.They have also shown that ASTto-platelet ratio index(APRI)>1 was the most significant predictor of advanced fibrosis.Additionally,they have suggested that patients with suspected NAFLD should be routinely evaluated for advanced liver disease,including non-invasive indices of fibrosis such as APRI,and serious consideration given to liver biopsy.Understanding the value of non-invasive indices of fibrosis such as APRI in patients with NAFLD,we consider this large,retrospective study to be very important;however,we have some questions that should be mentioned as contributory factors.

关键词： aspartate routine NAFLD