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Morphological characterization of fungi associated with the ascochyta blight complex and pathogenic variability of Mycosphaerella pinodes on field pea crops in central Alberta

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The Crop Journal 2015年第1期3卷 10-18页

作者： Hafiz Ahmed Kan-Fa Chang Sheau-Fang Hwang Heting Fu Qixing Zhou Stephen Strelkov Robert Conner Bruce Gossen Crop Diversification Centre North Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science University of Alberta Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Morden MB R6M 1Y5 Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Saskatoon SK S7N 0X2 Canada

Field pea crops in central Alberta were surveyed for ascochyta blight from 2011 to 2012 and fungal isolates were recovered from foliar lesions on selected plants. Cultural and microscopic characterization of the 275 isolates obtained revealed that 272 were of Mycosphaerella pinodes and three were of Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella. ascochyta pisi or Phoma koolunga were not identified. Isolates of M. pinodes were divided into two groups,GI and GII, based on visual assessment of culture characteristics. GI isolates(light to dark, mostly gray colony color; pycnidial distribution radial and concentric; conidia10.5–14.5 × 4.2–6.2 μm most with one septum, occasionally two, constricted at the septum;spore mass light buff to flesh color) were predominant(83%), while GII isolates(dark to gray colony color; pycnidia abundant; conidia 8–16 × 3.5–6.2 μm most with 1 septum, constricted at the septum; spore mass light buff to flesh color) were less common(17%). The cultures of GII isolates were similar to recent descriptions of A. pisi, but they differed in spore color. In a host differential study, 13 pathotypes of M. pinodes were identified from 110 single-spore isolates. Pathotype I was predominant(88 isolates) and virulent on all nine differential genotypes. The other pathotypes(pathotypes II–XIII) were rare(1–6 isolates of each).Comparison of the present results with earlier studies suggests that pathotype I has been prevalent for many years, and that its aggressiveness on the host differentials has increased over time. Emphasis should be placed on breeding for resistance to M. pinodes in field pea cultivars intended for deployment in central Alberta.

关键词： ascochyta Phoma Resistance Virulence Pathotype

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壳二孢叶枯病病原菌ascochyta rabiei胁迫下鹰嘴豆防御相关基因的表达分析

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植物保护学报 2019年第5期46卷 1121-1131页

作者：蔡军马德英郁帆羌松新疆农业大学农学院农林有害生物监测与安全防控重点实验室

为挖掘获得新的抗性基因,培育鹰嘴豆Cicer arietinum抗壳二孢叶枯病(病原菌为ascochyta rabiei)新品种,以项目组前期获得的102个差异表达的新基因为基础,随机选取29个基因进行同源性分析,以鹰嘴豆Actin(EU529707)和Ef-1α(AJ004960)作... 详细信息

为挖掘获得新的抗性基因,培育鹰嘴豆Cicer arietinum抗壳二孢叶枯病(病原菌为ascochyta rabiei)新品种,以项目组前期获得的102个差异表达的新基因为基础,随机选取29个基因进行同源性分析,以鹰嘴豆Actin(EU529707)和Ef-1α(AJ004960)作为参考基因,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测这29个基因在宿主植物鹰嘴豆抗性品种系选03中的表达规律。结果显示,基于同源性分析结果可将29个基因大致分成4类,涉及信号传导机制、细胞运输、转录和细胞拯救、防御、毒性;功能分析结果显示,功能未知的基因数目最多,达到了11个,其中多数为鹰嘴豆未定性基因。这29个基因在A. rabiei胁迫下都发生了不同程度的差异表达,表达差异时间点集中在胁迫后72 h,并在96 h恢复至正常表达水平。其中解毒相关基因474在72 h时相对表达水平最高,是对照处理0 h的19.773倍,抗氧化修复相关基因1137的相对表达水平最低,约为对照处理0 h的1/3。筛选获得的差异表达基因中,表达上调的基因有10个,表达下调的基因有16个,其余3个基因的表达差异不明显。上调表达基因可能与鹰嘴豆应对A. rabiei侵染的应答机制有关,其中与免疫应激相关的蛋白基因如谷胱甘肽S-转移酶、咖啡酰辅酶A、泛素蛋白基因等可能直接参与了鹰嘴豆应对A. rabiei的免疫识别和防御。

关键词：鹰嘴豆壳二孢叶枯病 ascochyta rabiei 基因防御机制差异表达

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Dry Heat Treatment Reduces the Occurrence of Cladosporium cucumerinum, ascochyta citrullina, and Colletotrichum orbiculare on the Surface and Interior of Cucumber Seeds

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2016年第1期2卷 35-40页

作者： SHI Yanxia MENG Shanshan XIE Xuewen CHAI Ali LI Baoju Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture

Dry heat treatment has been identifie as a method for disinfecting seed-borne pathogens in vegetable seeds. This study demonstrated that three seed-borne pathogens of cucumber(Cladosporium cucumerinum that causes scabs, ascochyta citrullina that results in gummy stem blight,and Colletotrichum orbiculare that induces anthracnose) could be effectively eradicated from cucumber seeds by dry heat treatment. In vitro growth of these three pathogens was inhibited by dry heat treatment at 70 °C for 40 min. These pathogens were inactivated after exposing infected seeds to 70 °C dry heat for at least 90 min. Seed infection was significant y reduced by exposing the seeds to 70 °C dry heat for at least 40 min. Seed moisture content and germination were slightly reduced after 70 °C heat treatment for 40–120 min. Seed vigor remained at a high level after dry heat treatment at 70 °C for 90 min. In conclusion, 70 °C dry heat treatment for 90 min was determined to be the optimal method for eradication of C. cucumerinum, Didymella bryoniae, and C. orbiculare from cucumber seeds.

关键词： dry heat treatment Cladosporium cucumerinum ascochyta citrullina Colletotrichum orbiculare scab gummy stem blight anthracnose

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Disease Development Caused by ascochyta rabiei on Chickpea Detached-Leaves in Petri Dishes

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第10期3卷 1369-1375页

作者： Nunung Harijati Philip J. Keane Department of Biology Brawijaya University Malang Indonesia Department of Botany LaTrobe University Melbourne Australia

A study using detached-leaves aimed to improve selection method. The improving method was done by scoring both disease symptom and lesion size. The research was begun by selecting agar concentration and dose of conidia that could distinguish response of very susceptible or resistant chickpea genotype. The result was used to determine disease severity (DS) and disease incident (DI) of eight genotypes that were previously tested in the field. Results of the tested agar concentration and dose of conidia showed that 1.5% and 2% agar were good to determine susceptible or resistant genotype;while 1 × 105 or 5 × 104 conidia dose was suitable for inoculation. The formula of DS (no. of leaflets in category × category value/Total no. of leaflets ×10) × 100, and DI (no. leaflets with pycnidial lesions + no. leaflets with necrotic lesions)/Total no. of leaflets × 100 successfully measured genotype response. The lesions development on detached leaves of the susceptible cultivar (Lasseter) began as circular, pale-colored areas, extending to the area covered by the drop of inoculum, then became light brown and finally dark brown. However, the response of resistant line (FLIP508) was restricted in area (and often confined to a tiny speck) surrounded by chlorosis or drying of the tissue.

关键词： Disease Severity (DS) Disease Incident (DI) ascochyta rabiei Chickpea Detached-Leaves

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新疆鹰嘴豆壳二孢疫病病菌ascochyta rabiei交配型、致病力及其对3种杀菌剂的敏感性测定

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植物保护 2020年第3期46卷 220-225页

作者：蔡军马德英郁帆羌松新疆农业大学农学院农林有害生物监测与安全防控重点实验室乌鲁木齐830052

新疆是我国鹰嘴豆主要生产地,然而随着鹰嘴豆种植面积的扩大,集约化种植模式的发展以及广泛从国内外引种,鹰嘴豆壳二孢疫病(ascochyta blight)开始发生。由于该病害在新疆发生历史较短,相关的研究还甚少。本研究对新疆鹰嘴豆壳二孢疫病... 详细信息

新疆是我国鹰嘴豆主要生产地,然而随着鹰嘴豆种植面积的扩大,集约化种植模式的发展以及广泛从国内外引种,鹰嘴豆壳二孢疫病(ascochyta blight)开始发生。由于该病害在新疆发生历史较短,相关的研究还甚少。本研究对新疆鹰嘴豆壳二孢疫病病菌ascochyta rabiei的交配型、致病力及对3种杀菌剂敏感性进行测定,结果表明,***的交配型MAT1-1和MAT1-2在新疆木垒地区的分离频率明显偏离1∶1,以MAT1-2为优势种群,但其致病力与MAT1-1无显著差异,而MAT1-1对30%醚菌酯EC的敏感性显著低于MAT1-2。

关键词：鹰嘴豆壳二孢疫病 ascochyta rabiei 交配型致病力杀菌剂敏感性

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球壳孢目真菌同工酶电泳研究 Ⅱ.ascochyta等八属代表种的分析

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吉林农业大学学报 2002年第1期24卷 47-52页

作者：刘伟成吕国忠周永力梁景颐孙军德白金铠解放军军需大学农副业生产系吉林长春130062 沈阳农业大学植保系辽宁沈阳110161 中国农业科学院作物所北京100081

对球壳孢目 8属 4 6个种的代表菌株进行了酯酶等 5种同工酶及菌体可溶性蛋白的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析。电泳图谱显示 :种间区别明显 ,大多数种具有各自的特征性图式。从聚类分析所得相似性矩阵和树状图可见 ,属内种间的遗传一致性最高... 详细信息

对球壳孢目 8属 4 6个种的代表菌株进行了酯酶等 5种同工酶及菌体可溶性蛋白的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析。电泳图谱显示 :种间区别明显 ,大多数种具有各自的特征性图式。从聚类分析所得相似性矩阵和树状图可见 ,属内种间的遗传一致性最高的是Sphaeropsis属 ,供试菌株相互间的相似性多在 5 0 %以上 ;As cochyta和Phyllosticta两属内的种也表现出较高的相似性 ;其他属内的供试种则不能类聚在一起。各属间 ,Macrophoma ,Coniothyrium ,Sphaeropsis和Phyllosticta四属的菌株可在一定的遗传距离内聚为一类 ,As cochyta属与这一类的距离也很近 ,Phomopsis和Phoma两属的菌株出现交叉相聚现象 ;Septoria属的菌株则各自独立。

关键词：球壳孢目真菌同工酶可溶性蛋白分类电泳图谱 ascochyta 八属代表种分析

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亚隔孢壳科单系属的划分（英文）

亚隔孢壳科单系属的划分（英文）

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中国菌物学会2015年学术年会

作者： Qian Chen Jia-Rui Jiang Guo-Zhen Zhang Pedro W.Crous Lei Cai State Key Laboratory of Mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences College of Agriculture and Biotechnology China Agricultural University

The Didymellaceae was established in 2009 to accommodate ascochyta, Didymella and Phoma, as well as several related phoma-like genera, containing numerous plant pathogenic, saprobic and endophytic species associated with a wide range of hosts. ascochyta and Phoma are morphologically similar, and species from both genera have in the past been linked to Didymella sexual morphs. The aim of the present study was thus to clarify the generic delimitation of Didymellaceae by combing multi-locus phylogenetic analyses based on ITS, LSU, TUB and RPB2, and morphological observations. The resulting phylogenetic tree revealed 17 well-supported monophyletic clades in Didymellaceae, leading to the new introduction of nine genera, three species, three names and 83 combinations. Furthermore, 11 epitypes and 7 neotypes were designated to stabilize the taxonomy and use of names. As a result of these data, ascochyta, Didymella and Phoma were delineated as three distinct genera, and the generic circumscriptions of ascochyta, Didymella, Epicoccum and Phoma emended. In conclusion, 17 monophyletic genera are currently recognised in the Didymellaceae. Furthermore, the genus Microsphaeropsis grouped basal to the Didymellaceae, for which a new family Microsphaeropsidaceae was introduced.

关键词： ascochyta Didymella multigene phylogeny Phoma taxonomy

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太子参叶斑病病原菌鉴定及防治药剂筛选

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植物保护 2018年第3期44卷 182-185页

作者：李树江周雪林杨友联六盘水师范学院生物科学与技术学院六盘水553004

采用形态学结合分子系统学方法对引起贵州黄平县和六枝道地中药材种植基地太子参叶斑病的病原菌进行鉴定,并以菌丝生长法对75%百菌清可湿性粉剂、70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂、37%苯醚甲环唑可湿性粉剂、40%氟硅唑乳油以及1%申嗪霉素悬浮... 详细信息

采用形态学结合分子系统学方法对引起贵州黄平县和六枝道地中药材种植基地太子参叶斑病的病原菌进行鉴定,并以菌丝生长法对75%百菌清可湿性粉剂、70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂、37%苯醚甲环唑可湿性粉剂、40%氟硅唑乳油以及1%申嗪霉素悬浮剂进行了室内药效筛选。结果表明:引起贵州太子参叶斑病的病原菌为ascochyta versabilis,该病原菌为太子参病害新记录;5种杀菌剂除75%百菌清可湿性粉剂2 000倍对***的抑菌率较低外(51.4%),其余4种供试杀菌剂均具有较强的抑菌作用。70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂2 000倍、37%苯醚甲环唑可湿性粉剂2 000倍和40%氟硅唑乳油2 000倍对***的生长具有较强的抑制作用,其抑制率均高于90%;1%申嗪霉素悬浮剂2 000倍对该病原菌的抑制率为72.3%。

关键词：太子参 ascochyta versabilis 分子系统学药剂筛选

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