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artisanal mining and Soil Quality in the Sudano-Sahelian Climate: Case of the artisanal mining Site of Yimiougou in Burkina Faso, West Africa

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2023年第1期14卷 1-15页

作者： Nicolas Kagambega Urbain Sam Mathias Ouedraogo Department of mining Engineering University of Fada N’Gourma Fada N’Gourma Burkina Faso Department of Earth Sciences University Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The majority of the population of Burkina Faso lives from agriculture and therefore depends on the land. The main objective of this study is to assess the quality of the soils in the area linked to artisanal mining activities. The methodology adopted consisted in sampling and characterizing the main types of soil. In order to assess the level of soil pollution by artisanal mining, parameters such as the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and the contamination factor (CF) are calculated. A prediction of acid mine drainage (AMD) was also carried out on samples of mine tailings which are potential sources of pollution of these soils. The results obtained show that the soils in Yimiougou are of nil to low agronomic interest. The Igeo shows that for lead, copper, zinc and arsenic the levels found in the different morphological units are partly attributable to human action and specifically artisanal mining. The values of the contamination factor indicate contamination. Cobalt presents the lowest contamination. For cadmium, the different types of soil are moderately contaminated except for the FITLC type, which has a CF value of 0.50, therefore synonymous with low or absent contamination. The various morphological units studied are very heavily contaminated with zinc, copper, lead and arsenic. The pH and conductivity values indicate that the mine tailings samples are non-acidogenic, therefore not yet oxidized. As for the sulphide contents, they show that only samples S17, S22, S23 and S24 present values that are strictly above the threshold (0.3%) and therefore potentially acid-generating. The comparative study of the acid potential (AP) and the neutralization potential (NP) reveals that the neutralization potentials of the different samples are clearly higher than the acid potentials even for the samples which present a proven acidification potential (S17, S22, S23 and S24). These results show that the mine tailings have the natural capacity to neutralize any possible mine dra

关键词： Soil artisanal mining Environment Heavy Metals Potentially Harmful Elements Burkina Faso

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Surface Water Sediments Characterization Using Metallic Trace Elements (MTEs): Case of the artisanal Gold mining Sites of Kokumbo (Côte d’Ivoire)

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2020年第9期11卷 649-663页

作者： Kouassi Ernest Ahoussi Armand Patrick Yapo Amani Michel Kouassi Yao Blaise Koffi Training and Research Unit of Earth Sciences and mining Resources (Laboratory of Soil Water and Geomaterial Sciences) Universiyé Félix Houphou&euml t Boigny Cocody Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Department of Earth Sciences and mining Resources Institute National Polytechnique Félix Houphou&euml t Boigny (INP-HB) Yamoussoukro C&ocirc te d’Ivoire

The main purpose of this study is to characterize the surface sediments of the Kokumbo artisanal gold mining sites in Metallic trace Elements (MTEs). A total of 12 samples of surface water sediments were collected for this study. The samples were analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean concentrations of Mn (611.37 mg/kg) and Zn (955.86 mg/kg) in the sediments were very high compared to the standard in unpolluted sediments. The enrichment factor (EF) shows that there is an enrichment of Mn at some sites (EF (Mn) > 2). The presence of As, Mn, and Zn is also highlighted by the geo-accumulation index (I-geo) which shows slight pollution in Mn (0 3). This study shows that the presence of Zn in the sediments is linked to artisanal gold mining activities. Indeed, Zn is much used for gold recovery. The statistical analysis (PCA) shows, on the one hand, natural mineralization of the sediments and addition of metals linked to anthropic activities corresponding to the erosion of mining discharges. The surface sediments of the Kokumbo mining sites show pollution in As, Mn, and Zn.

关键词： artisanal mining Enrichment Factor (EF) MTEs Pollution Sediment

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Analysis of the Spatio-Temporal Evolution of artisanal and Small-Scale Gold mining in Central Ivory Coast, West Africa

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第9期10卷 136-148页

作者： Gbele Ouattara Gnammytchet Barthélémy Koffi Allou Gnanzou Kouakou Alphonse Yao Laboratory of Civil Engineering Geosciences and Geographic Sciences National Polytechnic Institute Félix Houphou&#235 t-Boigny Ya-moussoukro Ivory Coast Laboratory of Geology Basement and Metallogeny UFR-STRM Félix Houphou&#235 t-Boigny University Abidjan Ivory Coast

Ivory Coast is a country rich in base metals and precious minerals: gold, manganese, diamond, iron, bauxite, cobalt and nickel. These natural resources are exposed to destruction and fragmentation by mining activities. The artisanal and small-scale exploitation of gold are increasingly practiced in our rural areas. These activities escape often in the control and monitoring of the mining administration. In order to better constrain these activities on the environment, the present work used remote sensing imageries to see its spatio-temporal impacts in the rural world in central Ivory Coast. The results show that gold artisanal activities have been practiced since 2013 and are experiencing an increasingly important growth. We note a devastation of forests and savannahs, a pollution of surface water, as well as an increase in poverty in rural areas. These activities are practiced near habited areas (villages). This creates a reduction of cultivatable soil. Remote sensing imageries make it possible to quickly map areas at large-scale gold mining in time and space.

关键词： Gold Panning artisanal mining Space and Time Remote Sensing Imageries Ivory Coast West Africa

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Food contamination as a pathway for lead exposure in children during the 2010–2013 lead poisoning epidemic in Zamfara,Nigeria

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第5期30卷 260-272页

作者： Simba Tirima Casey Bartrem Ian von Lindern Margrit von Braun Douglas Lind Shehu Mohamed Anka Aishat Abdullahi TerraGraphics International Foundation MoscowID 83843USA University of Idaho Environmental Science ProgramMoscowID 83843USA Zamfara Environmental Sanitation Agency Zamfara StateNigeria

In 2010, an estimated 400 to 500 children died of acute lead poisoning associated with artisanal gold mining in Zamfara, Nigeria. Processing of gold ores containing up to 10% lead within residential compounds put residents, especially children, at the highest risk. Principal routes of exposure were incidental ingestion and inhalation of contaminated soil and dusts. Several Nigerian and international health organizations collaborated to reduce lead exposures through environmental remediation and medical treatment. The contribution of contaminated food to total lead exposure was assessed during the environmental health response. Objectives of this investigation were to assess the influence of cultural/dietary habits on lead exposure pathways and estimate the contribution of contaminated food to children＇s blood lead levels（BLLs）. A survey of village dietary practices and staple food lead content was conducted to determine dietary composition, caloric intakes, and lead intake. Potential blood lead increments were estimated using bio-kinetic modeling techniques. Most dietary lead exposure was associated with contamination of staple cereal grains and legumes during post-harvest processing and preparation in contaminated homes. Average post-harvest and processed cereal grain lead levels were 0.32 mg/kg and 0.85 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Age-specific food lead intake ranged from 7 to 78 μg/day. Lead ingestion and absorption were likely aggravated by the dusty environment, fasting between meals, and nutritional deficiencies. Contamination of staple cereal grains by highly bioavailable pulverized ores could account for as much as 11%–34% of children＇s BLLs during the epidemic, and were a continuing source after residential soil remediation until stored grain inventories were exhausted.

关键词： artisanal mining Environmental health Lead poisoning Nigerian environmentalcontamination Dietary exposures Para-occupational exposuresChildren's health

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