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Spatiotemporal variations of aridity in China during 1961–2015: decomposition and attribution

Science Bulletin 2018年第18期63卷 1187-1199页

作者： Chang Liu Wei Huang Song Feng Jianhui Chen Aifeng Zhou Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education). College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Department of Geosciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72703 USA

Changes in global climate intensify the hydrological cycle, directly influence precipitation, evaporation, runoff, and cause the re-distribution of water resources in time and space. The aridity index （AI）, defined as the ratio of annual precipitation to annual potential evapotranspiration, is a widely used numerical indicator to quantify the degree of dryness at a given location. This study examined the effects of climate change on Al in China during 1961-2015. The results showed that the nationally averaged AI experienced a notable interdecadal transition in 1993, characterized by increasing AI （wetter） between 1961 and 1993, and decreasing AI （drier） after 1993. Overall, the decreased solar radiation （solar dimming） was the main factor affected the nationally averaged AI during 1961-1993, while the relative humidity dominated the variations of nationally averaged AI during 1993-2015. However, the roles of individual factors on the changes in AI vary in different subregions. Precipitation is one of the important contributing factors for the changes orAl in almost all subregions, except the Mid-Lower Yangtze and Huaihe basins. Solar radiation has been significantly decreased during 1961-1993 in South China, Southwest China, Mid-Lower Yangtze and Huaihe basins, and the Tibetan Plateau. Therefore, it dominated the trends of AI in these subregions. The relative humidity mainly affected the Mid-Lower Yangtze and Huaihe basins, Southwest China, and the Tibetan Plateau during 1993-2015, hence dominated the trends of Al in these subregions. The changes of temperature and wind speed, however, played a relatively weak role in the variations of AI.

关键词： aridity The transition of decadal variation Attribution analysis Spatial variation

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Origin of the Red Earth sequence on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and its implications for regional aridity since the middle Miocene

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第5期49卷 505-517页

作者： WANG Xianyan1,7, LU Huayu1,2, JI Junfeg3, WANG Xiaoyong1,7, ZHAO Jingbo4, HUANG Baochun5 & LI Zhen6 1. SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710075, China 2. Department of Urban and Resources Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China 3. Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China 4. Department of Geography, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China 5. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 6 Department of Geography, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China 7. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China SKLLQG Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Urban and Resources Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China Department of Geography Shaanxi Normal University Xi’an China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Geography Qinghai Normal University Xining China

The Red Earth deposit around Xining, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, has beenstudied in terms of soil micro-structure, grain-size distribution, major- and trace-elementchemistry and magne-tostratigraphy. Field investigations indicate that the Red Earth sequenceconsists of 25 visually definable yellow-brown and weakly-developed soils interbedded with reddishstrongly-developed soils, and has a similar structure to the aeolian Red Clay deposit on the ChineseLoess Plateau. Grain-size analysis shows that the Red Earth deposit is very fine-grained with anegligible sand fraction ( > 63 μm). Thin-section observations under light microscopy show that thedeposit has a clayey texture and the coarse fraction ( > 10 μm) mainly consists of quartz,feldspar and micas. Pyroxene and hornblende were also observed. This mineralogical composition ofthe coarse fraction is similar to that of the Quaternary loess. In addition, all of the mineralgrains are semi angular semi-angular and are generally finer than 63 μm. There is a good agreementbetween the major and minor trace element chemistry of loess-soil units and the Red Earth *** REE distributions of the loess-soil and the Red Earth deposit are similar in shape, withenriched LREE and fairly flat HREE profiles and a clear negative Eu anomaly. The geochemicalcharacteristics of the Red Earth deposit are also identical to those of upper continental crust,thus indicating a wind-blown origin. Magnetostratigraphic investigation shows that onset of the RedEarth deposition predates 11.4 Ma BP (13.6 Ma at a nearby site). The distribution of the reportedMiocene aeolian loess at Qin''an of the Loess Plateau is still unknown. Our results indicate thatthis aeolian deposit had extended to the northeastern Tibetan Plateau by at least the middleMiocene. The similarity of the element geochemistry between the Red Earth deposit and the overlyingloess shows that they may have similar sources and dynamic transport system, and may indicate thatthe

关键词： Red Earth deposit, Northeastern Tibetan Plateau, aeolian deposit, aridity of Asia, the middle Miocene.

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Leaf morpho-physiology and phytochemistry of olive trees as affected by cultivar type and increasing aridity

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第10期14卷 1159-1179页

作者： Said TOUATI Jawaher AYADI Abdelhakim BOUAJILA Smail ACILA Rami RAHMANI Jalloul BOUAJILA Mohamed DEBOUBA Laboratory of''Biodiversity Molecule and ApplicationsLR22ES02''Higher Institute of Applied Biology of MedenineUniversity of GabesZrig 6029Tunisia Laboratory of Geosystems Georessources and GeoenvironmentsFaculty of Science of GabesDepartment of Earth SciencesUniversity of GabesZrig 6029Tunisia Laboratory of Biology Environment and HealthDepartment of BiologyFaculty of Nature and Life SciencesUniversity of Echahid Hamma Lakhdar El-OuedChott 39000Algeria Laboratoire de Génie Chimique Universitéde Paul SabatierCNRSINPTUPSToulouseFrance

The olive species(Olea europaea L.)is an ancient traditional crop grown under rainfed conditions in the Mediterranean *** response to the growing national and international demand for olive oil,the olive cultivars are introduced into highly arid new bioclimatic ***,the morpho-physiology and phytochemistry of olive trees are potentially changing among cultivar types and geographical *** the present work,we have undertaken an assessment on the impacts of geographical location and cultivar types on the leaf morpho-physiology and phytochemistry of olive ***,leaves of the two most cultivated olive tree varieties,Chemlal and Sigoise,were collected from three geographical regions(Setif,Batna,and Eloued)with increasing aridity in *** samples from the geographical regions were analyzed using the standard physiological experiment,colorimetric method,and a chromatography *** of both cultivars exhibited a significant variance in terms of the leaf shape index but not for the leaf tissue density,specific leaf weight,and specific leaf *** pigment contents were affected by both cultivar type and geographical location,with the lowest pigment content recorded in the Sigoise cultivar from the Setif *** with the Setif and Batna regions,dried leaves of both cultivars from the Eloued region showed the higher levels of the total polyphenol,total flavonoid,and total tannin,as well as a better antioxidant *** chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of all leaf extracts identified the following phenolic acids as major compounds:oleuropein,naringin,apigenin-7-O-glucoside,kaempferol,quercetin,quercitrin,luteolin-7-O-naringenin,and quinic *** contents were found for p-Coumaric acid,trans-Ferulic acid,hyperoside,rutin,apigenin,caffeic acid,protocatechuic acid,o-Coumaric acid,and gallic ***,epicatechin and catechin+were not found in the leaf extracts of the Sigoise *** leaf organ

关键词： Olea europaea L. aridity leaf morpho-physiology bioactivity olive cultivar geographical location Algeria

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Modeling the Asian aridity during the Early Cenozoic

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第S1期93卷 80-82页

作者： ZHANG Ran JIANG Dabang Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Asian aridity can be traced back to the early Cenozoic(e.g.,Guo et al.,2008;Licht et al.,2016;Li et al.,2018a).Previous modelling studies focus mainly on the monsoon climate during the early Cenozoic,and studies for the Asian aridity are still limited(e.g.,Huber and Goldner,2012;Zhang et al.,2012;Li et al.,2018b).Here Asian aridity during the early Cenozoic is investigated through climate modelling by changing atmospheric CO2 concentration,orbital parameters,and topography.

关键词： Modelling Early Cenozoic Asian aridity orbital parameters

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aridity trend and response to vegetation restoration in the loess hilly region of northern Shaanxi Province

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第3期25卷 289-300页

作者： LI Wangjun LU Changhe Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Re- sources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Detecting variation trend in dry-wet conditions can provide information for devel- oping strategic measures to mitigate the impacts of global warming, particularly in dry regions Taking the hilly region of northern Shaanxi on the Loess Plateau as a case area, this study analyzed the trend of aridity variation during 1981-2012, and explored the effect of vegetation restoration promoted by the Grain-for-Green （GFG） program implemented in 1999. The re- sults indicated that the aridity in the region was non-significantly increased by 0.88% per year during 1981-2012, showing a drying trend. This drying trend and amplitude were changed by the influence of vegetation restoration promoted by the GFG program, based on two findings. The first one was that the aridity variation tended to increase during 1981-1999 while it turned to decrease during 2000-2012, with the regional mean relative change rate changed from 2.45% to -1.06%. This distinction was more remarkable in the loess gully region, where the vegetation was improved more obviously. The second one was that the mean vegetation coverage as indicated by EVI increased by 0.90% to 4.32% per year at county level, while the aridity decreased by 0.14% to 2.32% per year during 2000-2012. The regression analysis using the mean county data indicated that the change rate of aridity was negatively related to that of EVI with the coefficient of determination （R2） of 0.56, illustrating that around half of the aridity decline was explained by the EVI change. The mechanism of this effect was compli- cated, but it was found that the wind speed decline induced by the vegetation improvement could be an important contributor. It is concluded that the region became drier during 1981-2012, but the eco-restoration reduced the drying speed. However, this conclusion is involved in uncertainties, and further study based on experiments is needed to confirm the effect of the GFG-promoted vegetation restoration.

关键词： aridity variation trend hilly Loess Plateau Grain-for-Grain program

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A study on environmental aridity over northern and southern to Qinling Mountains under climate warming

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2001年第2期11卷 193-201页

作者： YAN Jun-ping~1, LIU Yan-sui~2 (1. College of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China 2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China) College of Tourism and Environment Shaanxi Normal University Xi’an China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing China

Based on the data up to 1999 from hydroclimatological departments, this pape analyzes the climatic divide implications of the Qinling Mountains in regional response to the process of climate warming, due to which the grades of dryness/wetness (GDW) in 100 years show that the northern region has entered a drought period, while the southern is a humid period. In a course of ten years, the D-value of annual average air temperature over southern Shaanxi (the Hanjiang Valley) and the Central Shaanxi Plain (the Guanzhong Plain) has narrowed, i.e., the former with a slight change and the latter with rapid increase in temperature. Both regions were arid with the decrease in precipition D-value, namely the plain became warmer while the south was drier. The Qinling Mountains play a pronounced role in the climatic divide. The runoff coefficient (RC) of the Weihe River decreases synchronously with that of the Hanjiang due to climate warming. The RC of Weihe dropped from 0.2 in the 1950s to less than 0.1 in the 1990s. The Weihe Valley (the Guanzhong Plain) is practically an arid area due to shortage of water. The successive 0.5, 1.0°C temperature anomaly over China marks, perhaps, the improtant transition period in which the environment becomes more vulnerable than before. The study shows the obvious trend of environmental aridity, which is of help to the understanding of regional response to global climate change.

关键词： climate change aridity Qinling Mountains

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Surrogate Climate Change Scenario and Projections with a Regional Climate Model: Impact on the aridity in South America

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American Journal of Climate Change 2014年第5期3卷 474-489页

作者： Sergio H. Franchito Julio P. Reyes Fernandez David Pareja Centro de Previsao de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos CPTEC Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais INPE C.P. 515 12201-970 Sao José dos Campos Brazil

The impact of global warming on the aridity in South America (SA) is investigated. For this purpose, the methodology for generating surrogate climate-change scenarios with a RCM is employed. For the present climate (CTRL) the RCM is initialized with and driven by ECMWF/ERA-Interim reanalysis data. Two aridity indices are used: the Budyko and the UNEP indices. The results for the CTR are in agreement with other model studies which indicate future warming;rainfall increases in southeastern South America, Ecuador and Peru and decreases in the central and eastern Amazon. In general the model reproduces the aridity in the continent compared with the observed data for both indices. The distribution of aridity over SA in surrogate climate-change scenario shows an increase of the dryness in the continent. Over Amazonia the aridity increases 23.9% (for the UNEP index) and 3.1% (for the Budyko index), suggesting that portions of the Amazonia forest are replaced by dry land area. The semi-arid zone over northeast Brazil expands westward, attaining the interior of north Brazil. In this region the aridity increases 20% (for the UNEP index) and 0.6% (for the Budyko index) indicating that areas of humid regime may be occupied by areas with dry land regime. The RCM was also integrated driven by the AOGCM ECHAM5/MPI-OM for the reference climate (CTRL2) and under A1B SRES scenario. The results for the present-day climate are similar in CTRL2 and CTRL, and are in agreement with CRU data. The distribution of the aridity for the present climate seems to be better represented in CTRL using both Budyko and UNEP indices. The changes in aridity (future climate minus control) are higher in the run forced by the A1B SRES scenario. Although the UNEP and Budyko indices show potentialities and limitations to represent the aridity distribution over SA, the changes in aridity due to a pseudo-scenario of global warming are higher using the UNEP index.

关键词： aridity in South America Surrogate Climate-Change Scenario Regional Climate Model

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Influence of aridity on carbon isotope discrimination in leaves of Stipa and other C3 species in central Asian grassland

Influence of aridity on carbon isotope discrimination in lea...

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ⅩⅪ International Grassland Congress and the Ⅷ International Rangeland Congress

作者： M.Wittmer K.Auerswald R.Tungalag H.Schnyder Technische Universit t M nchen Lehrstuhl f r Gr nlandlehre Am Hochanger 1D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan. National University of Mongolia Ikh surguulin gudalmj—1 Baga toiruuSukhbataar districtUlaanbaatarMongolia.

＜正＞Introduction The carbon isotope discrimination（A） of C3 ecosystems is sensitive to water *** annual precipitation（MAP） is the most convenient and in some cases even the only known property to quantify water ... 详细信息

关键词： carbon isotope discrimination Stipa C3 plants aridity central Asian grassland

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Trend Analysis in Rainfall, Reference Evapotranspiration and aridity Index in Southern Senegal: Adaptation to the Vulnerability of Rainfed Rice Cultivation to Climate Change

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2017年第4期7卷 476-495页

作者： Komlan Koudahe Koffi Djaman Ansoumana Bodian Suat Irmak Mamadou Sall Lamine Diop Alpha B. Balde Daran R. Rudnick Direction des Filières Végétales (DFV) MAEH Lomé Togo Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences New Mexico State University Agricultural Science Center at Farmington Farm-ington NM USA Laboratoire Leïdi “Dynamique des territoires et développement” Université Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint Louis Sénégal Department of Biological Systems Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln Chase Hall Lincoln NE USA Research Scientist Institut Senegalais de Recherches Agricoles Centre de Saint Louis Saint Louis Sénégal UFR S2ATA Université Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint Louis Sénégal Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles Bambey Sénégal

Rainfall and evapotranspiration are two vital elements for food production under rainfed agriculture. This study aims at investigating the combined changes in these variables in the form of aridly index in the southern Senegal. The temporal trends in annual and monthly (from May to October) aridity index, rainfall and evapotranspiration are examined and adaptation strategies to the vulnerability of rainfed rice cultivation to the changes are developed. The results show a significant decreasing trend in annual rainfall at all study locations for the period 1922-2015. When analyzing the trends in sub-periods, there are two clear patterns in the annual rainfall series: a decreasing trend for the period 1922-1979 and a reversal increasing trend for the period 1980-2015. An increasing trend is also observed in annual reference evapotranspiration. The results reveal that the region will be drier with a significant increase in aridity at the annual and most monthly series. Appropriate adaptation strategies should be implemented to diminish the adverse influence of the increasing aridity on rice productivity for a sustainable agriculture.

关键词： Variation Evapotranspiration Rainfall aridity Index Senegal Rainfed Rice

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New perspectives on ‘warming-wetting’ trend in Xinjiang, China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第3期11卷 252-260页

作者： WANG Qian ZHAI Pan-Mao QIN Da-He State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing100081China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China

Recently,a hot topic about warmer and wetter climate change in the arid region of Northwest China,especially in Xinjiang,has attracted much attention by general public and scientific *** study revisits this topic especially for Xinjiang in the Eurasian continental context from multiple perspectives based on most updated CRU high-resolution grid data and China's homogenized station data in 1961–*** conclude that such‘warming-wetting’trend is not a regional phenomenon for Xinjiang but has much larger spatial *** having experienced both temperature and precipitation increases reflecting‘warming-wetting’trend account for more than half of the Eurasian continent since ***,the‘warming-wetting’trend in Xinjiang suggests some unique regional features in response to the global *** drought seems to have relieved to some extent,especially in the mountainous regions in western Xinjiang,the nature of arid and semi-arid climate regime has not ***,the interannual variability of precipitation has enlarged and the increase in extreme precipitation events has a major *** findings suggest that‘warming-wetting’trend in Xinjiang is asymmetric regarding warming and wetting in seasons and intensifying interannual variability and increasing contribution of extreme precipitation to the ***,the current‘warming-wetting’trend in Xinjiang possibly brings us some beneficial impacts for the ecosystem but also increases challenges for water resources utilization and risk management.

关键词： Xinjiang Warming-wetting trend Extreme precipitation Drought aridity

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