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Changes in morphology and soil nutrient patterns of nebkhas in arid regions along a precipitation gradient

Research in Cold and arid Regions 2021年第3期13卷 256-267页

作者： WeiCheng Luo WenZhi Zhao Bing Liu Heng Ren Linze Inland River Basin Research Station Chinese Ecosystem Research NetworkKey Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River BasinNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China

Nebkhas, discrete mounds of sand and vegetation, are a common landscape feature critical to the stability of desert ecosystems and supported by limited precipitation. Nebkha morphology and spatial pattern vary in landscapes, but it is unclear how they change along precipitation gradients in arid and semi-arid regions. In this study we determined morphology and soil nutrient patterns of nebkha from different regions of northwestern China. The objective of this study was to understand zonal differences among nebkhas and how morphological characteristics and soil nutrient patterns of nebkha change along a precipitation gradient in northwestern China. Our results shows that mean annual precipitation(MAP) had significant effects on morphological characteristics of nebkhas such as height, area, and volume which significantly decreased with an increase in MAP. MAP had significant positive effects on shrub cover and species richness of nebkha. Soil nutrients such as soil organic matter(SOM), total carbon(TC), total nitrogen(TN), and total phosphorus(TP) in the 0-10 cm layer increased with an increase of MAP, and soil nutrient content within nebkhas was higher than in inter-nebkha *** concluded that nebkhas are "fertile islands" with an important role in ecosystem dynamics in study regions. Further,MAP is a key factor which determined zonal differences, morphological, and soil nutrients patterns of nebkhas. However,disturbance, such as animal grazing, and planted sand-stabilizing vegetation accelerated the degeneration of nebkha landscapes. We recommend implementation of protective measures for nebkhas in arid and semi-arid areas of China.

关键词： Nebkha morphology soil nutrient precipitation gradient arid and semi-arid lands

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Application of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Food and Water Security in the semi-arid Turkana County, Kenya

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Open Journal of Ecology 2020年第6期10卷 321-340页

作者： Cecilia Mwango Ratemo George Morara Ogendi Guangwei Huang Rhoda N. Ondieki Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Sophia University Tokyo Japan Department of Environmental Science Egerton University Njoro Kenya Dryland Research Training and Ecotourism Centre Chemeron Kenya

Weather extremes negatively affect socioeconomic developments in arid and semi-arid areas (ASALs) and increase vulnerability of residents to food and water insecurity. Thus, communities adapt to such extremes of weather using Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and/or Modern Technologies. Modern farming technologies and land resource developments in ASALs have in past ignored TEK, and in most cases led to undesired outcomes. It’s against this backdrop that this study was conceived to assess TEK among the Turkana people, its application and contribution to food and water security. The research adopted a cross-sectional social survey in collecting data from Central Turkana Sub-County residents. The study revealed that the Turkana people possess vast knowledge related to their environment;that this TEK plays a significant role in food production, preservation and in natural resource management. For instance, in 82% of the respondents use TEK in enhancing livestock production through the selection of livestock species that are suitable and drought tolerant;over 70% of them use TEK in reducing risk associated with livestock losses due to prolonged droughts. Further, TEK influenced the development and conservation of the water resources (r = 0.631;p < 0.01) including siting boreholes and wells. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.755;p < 0.01) between TEK and food security. TEK should be incorporated into the decision-making processes involving development projects within the ASALs.

关键词： arid and semi-arid lands Climate Variability Droughts Food Security Traditional Ecological Knowledge Water Security

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