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Shuangqing Forum on carbon neutrality in construction and Architecture

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National Science Review 2023年第9期10卷 337-339页

作者：朱禾 the editorial office of NSR in Beijing

The Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) held the 326th Shuangqing Forum on 22 February 2023.As the first forum of 2023 and one of the first in-person activities post-COVID, a topic of national and global significance was chosen:the challenges,for basic sciences,of reaching carbon neutrality in construction and Architecture.National Science Review (NSR) attended thisforum,as several presentations rela ted to materials science and information science would appeal to the broad audience ofNSR. In the plenary session, fo ur members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), Profs.JiapingLiu, Jianguo Wang,Weimin Zhuang and Hongyuan Mei, provided an overview of the challenges facing construction and Architecture industries in the run-up to carbon neutrality.

关键词： Architecture

SWG: an Architecture for sparse weight gradient computation

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 302-321页

作者： Weiwei WU Fengbin TU Xiangyu LI Shaojun WEI Shouyi YIN School of Integrated Circuits Tsinghua University Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

On-device training for deep neural networks(DNN) has become a trend due to various user preferences and scenarios. The DNN training process consists of three phases, feedforward(FF), backpropagation(BP), and weight gradient(WG) update. WG takes about one-third of the computation in the whole training process. Current training accelerators usually ignore the special computation property of WG and process it in a way similar to FF/BP. Besides, the extensive data sparsity existing in WG, which brings opportunities to save computation, is not well explored. Nevertheless, exploiting the optimization opportunities would meet three underutilization problems, which are caused by(1) the mismatch between WG data dimensions and hardware parallelism,(2) the full sparsity, i.e., the sparsity of feature map(Fmap),error map(Emap), and gradient, and(3) the workload imbalance resulting from irregular sparsity. In this paper, we propose a specific Architecture for sparse weight gradient(SWG) computation. The Architecture is designed based on hierarchical unrolling and sparsity-aware(HUSA) dataflow to exploit the optimization opportunities of the special computation property and full data sparsity. In HUSA dataflow, the data dimensions are unrolled hierarchically on the hardware Architecture. A valid-data trace(VDT) mechanism is embedded in the dataflow to avoid the underutilization caused by the two-sided input sparsity. The gradient is unrolled in PE to alleviate the underutilization induced by output sparsity while maintaining the data reuse opportunities. Besides, we design an intra-and inter-column balancer(IIBLC) to dynamically tackle the workload imbalance problem resulting from the irregular sparsity. Experimental results show that with HUSA dataflow exploiting the full sparsity, SWG achieves a speedup of 12.23× over state-of-the-art gradient computation Architecture, Train Ware. SWG helps to improve the energy efficiency of the state-of-the-art training accelerator LNPU from 7.56 to 10.58 TOPS/W.

关键词： CNN training gradient computation sparsity Architecture

Air-Ground Collaborative Mobile Edge Computing:Architecture,Challenges,and Opportunities

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China Communications 2024年第5期21卷 1-16页

作者： Qin Zhen He Shoushuai Wang Hai Qu Yuben Dai Haipeng Xiong Fei Wei Zhenhua Li Hailong College of Communications Engineering Army Engineering University of PLANanjing 210000China Department of Information and Communication Noncommissioned Officer Academy of PAPHangzhou 310000China Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyNanjing 211106China College of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211106China State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China CMC Political and Law Commission Beijing100120China Xi’an Research Institute of High Technology Xi’an 710025China

By pushing computation,cache,and network control to the edge,mobile edge computing(MEC)is expected to play a leading role in fifth generation(5G)and future sixth generation(6G).Nevertheless,facing ubiquitous fast-growing computational demands,it is impossible for a single MEC paradigm to effectively support high-quality intelligent services at end user equipments(UEs).To address this issue,we propose an air-ground collaborative MEC(AGCMEC)Architecture in this article.The proposed AGCMEC integrates all potentially available MEC servers within air and ground in the envisioned 6G,by a variety of collaborative ways to provide computation services at their best for UEs.Firstly,we introduce the AGC-MEC Architecture and elaborate three typical use cases.Then,we discuss four main challenges in the AGC-MEC as well as their potential solutions.Next,we conduct a case study of collaborative service placement for AGC-MEC to validate the effectiveness of the proposed collaborative service placement strategy.Finally,we highlight several potential research directions of the AGC-MEC.

关键词： air-ground Architecture collaborative mobile edge computing

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连续冰模板法制备均匀定向多孔材料

Science China Materials 2022年第11期65卷 3134-3143页

作者：邱文星张健谈国旗高科丰张明阳刘增乾张哲峰 Henan Institute of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

冰模板技术为在材料中构筑有序定向多孔结构提供了一种有效的途径,然而其通常存在制备效率低、过程难以调控以及制得的样品尺寸小、结构均匀性差等局限.本文开发了一种新型的连续式冰模板工艺,通过将冷冻固-液界面连续下降浸入到冷却介... 详细信息

冰模板技术为在材料中构筑有序定向多孔结构提供了一种有效的途径,然而其通常存在制备效率低、过程难以调控以及制得的样品尺寸小、结构均匀性差等局限.本文开发了一种新型的连续式冰模板工艺,通过将冷冻固-液界面连续下降浸入到冷却介质中以抵消其向上的生长,成功在界面前沿建立了大而稳定的双向温度梯度,从而制备得到了具有均匀定向结构的多孔材料.与传统的静置式冰模板技术相比,该工艺的制备效率显著提升,制得的样品尺寸明显增加.以多孔氧化锆陶瓷为例,其多孔结构变得更加细密而均匀,陶瓷片层的定向性和连通性均明显提升,这使得材料在相同孔隙率条件下表现出更高的压缩强度,并且强度沿样品高度方向也更加稳定.本研究有助于推动冰模板技术的放大,并促进新型高性能材料的开发与应用.

关键词： ice-templating porous materials Architecture strength directional solidification

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Architecture

城市环境设计 2014年第11期87卷 237-239页

作者：王振飞

Perspectives on point cloud-based 3D scene modeling and XR presentation within the cloud-edge-client Architecture

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Visual Informatics 2023年第3期7卷 59-64页

作者： Hongjia Wu Hongxin Zhang Jiang Cheng Jianwei Guo Wei Chen State Key Lab of CAD&CG Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina China Mobile Communications Group Jiangxi Co. Ltd.China State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesChina

With the support of edge computing,the synergy and collaboration among central cloud,edge cloud,and terminal devices form an integrated computing ecosystem known as the cloud-edge-client Architecture.This integration unlocks the value of data and computational power,presenting significant opportunities for large-scale 3D scene modeling and XR presentation.In this paper,we explore the perspectives and highlight new challenges in 3D scene modeling and XR presentation based on point cloud within the cloud-edge-client integrated Architecture.We also propose a novel cloud-edge-client integrated technology framework and a demonstration of municipal governance application to address these challenges.

关键词： The cloud-edge-client integrated Architecture 3D scene perception and modeling XR rendering Cloud-edge-client integrated visualization

Exceptionally Preserved Conodont Natural Assemblages from the Middle Triassic Luoping Biota,Yunnan Province,China:Implications for Architecture of Conodont Feeding Apparatus

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第6期34卷 1762-1776页

作者： Jinyuan Huang Carlos Martinez-Perez Qiyue Zhang Kexin Zhang Mao Luo Wen Wen Changyong Zhou Xiao Min Zhixin Ma Tao Xie Michael J.Benton Philip C.J.Donoghue Chengdu Center China Geological Survey(Geosciences Innovation Center of Southwest China)Chengdu 610081China Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity&Evolutionary Biology University of Valencia46980 ValenciaSpain Institute of Geological Survey China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Ocean Sciences China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China School of Earth Sciences University of BristolBristol BS81TQUK

Articulated natural assemblages contain direct evidence of the element numbers,morphologies,positions and structures for reconstructing the feeding apparatuses of conodont animals,but these kind of materials are very rare in fossil records.Here we report ten new conodont natural assemblages from Member II of the Guanling Formation in Luoping County,eastern Yunnan Province,southwestern China.These assemblages were obtained from the fossil-bearing layers of the Luoping Biota,dated to the early Middle Triassic Anisian stage(Pelsonian substage).These fossiliferous laminated limestones mainly consist of calcites and dolomites,with platy clay minerals and pyrites as subordinate components,indicating that the conodont assemblages were preserved in a lower energy and anoxic sedimentary environment.The new natural assemblages preserve the primary collapse orientations of the Nicoraella feeding apparatus from the Luoping Biota,showing the relative original positions of the S,M and P elements,that could be further used to refine the Architecture of this apparatus in space variable M elements and the position unclear P1 elements.Integrating previously reported three-dimensional and bilaterally symmetrical fused clusters,we statistically analyze the size of the positional homogenous elements within different sized materials,in particular S4,S3,or S2 elements,indicates that elements ontogenic changes do not affect the apparatus Architecture.Architecture of Nicoraella apparatus remains stable in the process of ontogeny,so our reconstructed model is credible.It is the first time that ample types of materials have been used to restore a conodont apparatus within one genus,namely natural assemblages(articulated and disarticulated),fused clusters(articulated,disarticulated,compressed,and relatively three-dimensional),and abundant discrete elements,respectively.These materials together record the most complete information on Architecture in the gondolelloid apparatuses,thus enabling us to reconstruct a reliable fifteen-element appar

关键词： conodont natural assemblage Architecture fused cluster size variation limestone MiddleTriassic southwestern China

Service Customized Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network for Immersive Media: Architecture, Key Technologies, and Prospects

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China Communications 2022年第1期19卷 1-13页

作者： LinhuiWei Jiacheng Shuai Yu Liu YumeiWang Lin Zhang School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China Research Center of Networks and Communications Peng Cheng LaboratoryShenzhen 518000China Beijing Big Data Center Beijing Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information TechnologyBeijing 100101China

The space-air-ground integrated network(SAGIN) is regarded as the key approach to realize global coverage in future network and it reaches broad access for various services. Being the new paradigm of service, immersive media(IM) has attracted users’ attention for its virtualization, but it poses challenges to network performance, e.g. bandwidth, rate, latency. However, the SAGIN has limitations in supporting IM services, such as 4 K/8 K video, virtual reality, and interactive games. In this paper, a novel service customized SAGIN Architecture for IM applications(SAG-IM) is proposed, which achieves content interactive and real-time communication among terminal users. State-of-the-art research is investigated in detail to facilitate the combination of SAGIN and service customized technology, which provides endto-end differentiated services for users. Besides, the functional components of SAG-IM contain the infrastructure layer, perception layer, intelligence layer, and application layer, reaching the capabilities of intelligent management of the network. Moreover, to provide IM content with ultra-high-definition and high frame rate for the optimal user experience, the promising key technologies on intelligent routing and delivery are discussed. The performance evaluation shows the superiority of SAG-IM in supporting IM service.Finally, the prospects in practical application are high-lighted.

关键词： space-air-ground integrated network Architecture immersive media service customized network intelligent

An analysis of Rem Koolhaas’s discourses on Architecture and urban design using a corpus-based model

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2023年第2期12卷 222-241页

作者： Melis Yazici Serap Durmus Ozturk Department of Architecture Karadeniz Technical UniversityTrabzonTurkey

This paper explores the networks of thoughts behind words by reading architectural texts in the context of linguistics.Using a corpus-based model,our main interest is what the collocational data contribute at an architectural level.The notion of“collocation identification in Architecture”was drawn from an analysis of the use of the data for Rem Koolhaas.The data for this study were collected from Rem Koolhaas’s articles from 1977 to 2014.An analysis of Koolhaas’s ideas about Architecture and urban planning was conducted using the AntConc 3.***.4.0 corpus analysis toolkit.The corpus-based model reduced selected articles to words and lexical bundles using the corpus analysis toolkit.This paper explores Koolhaas’s thoughts on understanding Architecture and the metaphors he uses by analyzing articles using the corpus-based analysis model.The discourse codes in the texts of Koolhaas are examined.A corpus-based model proposal tested on architectural texts has the potential to create new areas of knowledge for architectural discourse.Deciphering the texts and analyzing the codes contribute to the development of new models.

关键词： Architecture Urban design Discourse Rem Koolhaas Corpus-based model