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Evaluation of Parametric Limitations in Simulating Greenhouse Gas Fluxes from Irish arable Soils Using Three Process-Based Models

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Agricultural Sciences 2016年第8期7卷 503-520页

作者： Mohammad I. Khalil Mohamed Abdalla Gary Lanigan Bruce Osborne Christoph Müller UCD School of Biology & Environmental Science and UCD Earth Institute University College Dublin Dublin Ireland Institute of Biological & Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Scotland UK Teagasc Environment Research Centre Johnstown Castle Wexford Ireland Department of Plant Ecology Justus-Liebig-University Giessen Giessen Germany

Globally a large number of process-based models have been assessed for quantification of agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Modelling approaches minimize the presence of spatial variability of biogeochemical processes, leading to improved estimates of GHGs as well as identifying mitigation and policy options. The comparative performance of the three dynamic models (e.g., DNDC v9.4, DailyDayCent and ECOSSE v5+) with minimum numbers of common input parameters was evaluated against measured variables. Simulations were performed on conventionally-tilled spring barley crops receiving N fertilizer at 135 - 159 kg·N·ha-1·yr-1 and crop residues at 3 t·ha-1·yr-1. For surface soil nitrate (0 - 10 cm), the ECOSSE and DNDC simulated values showed significant correlations with measured values (R2 = 0.31 - 0.55, p 0.05). Only the ECOSSE-simulated N2O fluxes showed a significant relationship (R2 = 0.33, p 0.05) with values measured from fertilized fields, but not with unfertilized ones. The DNDC and DailyDayCent models significantly underestimated seasonal/annual N2O fluxes compared to ECOSSE, with emission factors (EFs), based on an 8-year average, were 0.09%, 0.31% and 0.52%, respectively. Predictions of ecosystem respiration by both DailyDayCent and DNDC showed reasonable agreement with Eddy Covariance data (R2 = 0.34 - 0.41, p 0.05). Compared to the measured value (3624 kg·C·ha-1·yr-1), the ECOSSE underestimated annual heterotrophic respiration by 7% but this was smaller than the DNDC (50%) and DailyDayCent (24%) estimates. All models simulated CH4 uptake we

关键词： Greenhouse Gases arable lands Input Parameters Process-Based Models Ireland

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Distribution and Abundance of <i>Parthenium hysterophorus</i>L. in Metekel Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第7期11卷 1101-1110页

作者： Jemal Tola Horo Tesfaye Gudisa Emebet Worku Derese Tilahun Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) Pawe Research Center Pawe Ethiopia

Parthenium hysterophorus L. is a harmful invasive weed to plant biodiversity and human health. It is native to American tropics and first introduced to Ethiopia in the 1970s. Today, it is widely distributed across the country and severely affecting the biodiversity, crop, and animal production in the country. In the Metekel Zone, there was no report on its distribution and impacts so far. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the distribution and abundance of the plant in the zone. The distribution and abundance data of the weed were recorded at five km intervals following all accessible roads of the zone. The result reveals that P. hysterophorus L. was less distributed in the area with a 4.95% frequency. However, it was found abundantly growing at roadsides, wastelands, around habitation, market place, and around Zeghibridge where it can rapidly spread to most economical lands like the arable and grazing lands. Moreover, it has aggressively invaded a nursery site, which enables the weed to enter agricultural fields directly. This suggests that the weed is on a fast move to agricultural lands in the zone. The regular active development activities such as agricultural investment, construction of roads, and factories are presumed to promote its spread. Therefore, a decisive and timely decision is needed to mitigate the weed when it is still sparse and small.

关键词： Parthenium hysterophorus L. Invasive Weed Weed Control Agricultural Fields arable lands Grazing lands Metekel Zone

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