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Phanerozoic Quartz Arenite Formation and Sequence-Analytical Patterns: Indirectly Relating to Major Impacting and Super Plume Volcanism, Jordan, arabian Plate

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Open Journal of Geology 2020年第1期10卷 13-52页

作者： Werner Schneider Elias Salameh Formerly Technical University of Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany University of Jordan Amman Jordan

This paper deals with indirect effects of major impacting throughout the Early Paleozoic resp. with those of super plume activity during the Early Cretaceous, both applied to the siliciclastic series of Jordan deposited on the arabian Platform, arabian Plate. Its focus is mainly directed on gases released by both processes (CO2, SO2, NOx, HCl, HF) and the relating acids, challenged by experiments and microscopic analysis of grain mounts and thin sections that reveal chemical instability of quartz and ultrastable heavy minerals (i.e. tourmaline) under high acidity (pH °C - 90°C). According to Lopatin’s Time/Temperatur-Index the Lower Cambrian reached the onset of hydrocarbon generation (liquid window) during the Lower Early Cretaceous. Unstable heavy minerals (apatite, garnet, hornblende, epidote, zoisite/clinozoisite) are generally absent in quartz arenites while in arkosic sandstones of marine environment carbonate cement and primary clay minerals (illite) provide conservation. As known since the eighties, the K/T-event’s indirect effects had global influence on Earth’s surface sediments and atmospheric chemistry by wildfires, hot whirl storms, acidic “sturz rain”, dust, soot, darkness, loss of photosynthesis, toxic metals, gases and relating acids. All of them are here concerned and applied to major impacting throughout the Early Paleozoic using the impact data of Price (2001);while superplume volcanism during Cretaceous led to the opening of the South Atlantic accompanied by the cyclic outflow of the Para?a/Etendeka Flood Basalts and relating gases in a gigantic scale (137 - 127 Ma). Assuming that the gases cause similar global effects on Earth’s surface sediments, an according result may be expected in form of quartz arenites and their sequence-analytical patterns (cyclic SBs, MFSs).*

关键词： Interrelationship Chronostratigraphic and Lithostratigraphic b. Sequence-Analysis (SB MFS) Major Impacting and Super Plume Volcanism (Gases!) Mass Extinction Plate Tectonics Diagenesis Quartz Arenite Early Paleozoic and Early Cretaceous Jordanian Platform arabian Plate (Correlations)

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WIND ENERGY MAP OF arabian GULF

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Natural Resources 2018年第5期9卷 212-228页

作者： Khaled Al-Salem Subramaniam Neelamani Waleed Al-Nassar Coastal Management Program Environment and Life Sciences Research Center Shuwaikh Kuwait Renewable Energy Program Energy and Building Research Centre Shuwaikh Kuwait

Wind power is not only pollution free and renewable but is becoming more economical with technology development. The countries around the arabian Gulf region are investing for wind powers both the land and in their marine space. A detailed study on wind power resource in the arabian Gulf is not available. This paper is on the wind energy resource availability over arabian Gulf waters, covering 2300 grid points. The data available with Coastal Information System data base at Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait, from 1979 to 2015 is used. The probability density and power density were derived from these data source. Weibull probability density function has been fitted to the wind speed data and the wind power density was evaluated. The study is carried out at 10 m, 30 m and 50 m elevations. The central location of the arabian Gulf has higher annual average wind speed, ranging from 6 to 8 m/s at 10 m elevation, 7 to 8 m/s at 30 m elevation and 8 to 9 m/s at 50 m elevation. The scale parameter “c” at central location of arabian Gulf is found to range from 6 - 8 m/s for 10 m elevation, 7 - 8 m/s for 30 m elevation and 8 - 9 m/s for 50 m above sea level. The Weibull shape parameter k varies from 2.5 to 3 at the north and central of the arabian Gulf. The annual mean wind power density over arabian Gulf Waters is the highest in the central region of the Gulf. The power density at 10 m, 30 m and 50 m hub height varies between 200 to 300 w/m2, 200 to 300 w/m2 and more than 300 w/m2 respectively. It is attractive to install large scale wind power generation at the central region of the arabian Gulf and at elevations of 30 m or 50 m, since this region lies in Class 2 category of the Wind Energy Resource Atlas of the United States. The wind power density is attractive especially in summer season around the central region location in arabian Gulf (Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Qatar), since high rate of power is used for air conditioning systems in summer.

关键词： Wind Energy arabian Gulf Weibull Distribution Gulf Cooperation Council Kuwait

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Hydrogeology of Wadi Qudaid Area, Northeast Jeddah, West Central arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia

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Open Journal of Geology 2017年第12期7卷 1749-1766页

作者： Abdullah R. Sonbul Mohammed A. Sharaf Ali A. Mesaed Engineering and Environmental Geology Department Faculty of Earth Sciences King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Hydrogeology Department Faculty of Earth Sciences King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Geo-Exploration Techniques Department Faculty of Earth Sciences King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Geology Department Faculty of Sciences Cairo University Giza Egypt

The study area is a part of the arabian Shield rocks of west central part of Saudi Arabia (150 km to the northeast of Jeddah). Geologically, the study area comprises five main geologic units i.e. 1) Layered basic volcanics and related volcaniclastics which are composed mainly from intercalated basalts and andesites and the related volcaniclastic derivatives, 2) Acidic volcanics and related volcaniclastics which are composed from layered and laminated dark and light acidic to intermediate igneous rocks, quartz and chert and marbles, 3) The Tertiary sedimentary succession which of volcaniclastic red beds and the intercalated clays;5) Tertiary volcanics of Harrart, and 4) The Quaternary wadi fill deposits which are composed from friable pebble supported conglomerates, sandstones and clays. Hydrogeologically, the groundwater aquifer of Wadi Qudaid is present mainly in two main horizons i.e. i) unconfined shallow aquifer (13 - 37 m) within the well porous and permeable conglomerates of the Quaternary Wadi deposits, ii) The deep confined aquifer of the bedded tuffaceous sandstones and mudstone of the Tertiary sedimentary succession of Ash Shumaysi Formation. The water samples are analyzed for major elements i.e. Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, SO4, HCO3 and the results show the normal content of these elements. The study related the addition and depletion of many elements during the running trip of the groundwater from the northeast (recharge area) to the southwest (downstream) area.

关键词： Groundwater Aquifers of Saudi Arabia Hydrogeology of West Central arabian shield Wadi Qudaid

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Hydrometeorological Modeling Study of Tropical Cyclone Phet in the arabian Sea in 2010

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2012年第2期2卷 174-190页

作者： Mohammed Haggag Hesham Badry Department of Irrigation and Hydraulics Faculty of Engineering Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Department of Irrigation and Hydraulics Faculty of Engineering Cairo University Giza Egypt

Tropical cyclone Phet is the second strongest tropical cyclone ever recorded in the arabian Sea. Phet made landfall in the northeast mountainous area of Oman in early morning on 4 June in 2010, causing a breaking record rainfall in this arid region of 488 mm/48 h. The cyclone heavy rainfall triggered flash floods causing enormous losses in lives and infrastructure in northeast Oman. The state of the art Advanced Research WRF model is used to study the atmospheric circulation and to reproduce the heavy rainfall over Oman. Three one-way nested domains with 32 vertical layers with terrain following sigma coordinate are used to setup eight numerical experiments aiming to investigate the effect of initialization time, horizontal grid resolution and terrain elevations on reproducing the cyclone track, intensity and heavy rainfall. Simulation results show negligible effect of model initialization time on cyclone track, intensity and rainfall. In contrast, the orographic effect played a substantial role in rainfall simulation over northeast Oman. The heavy rainfall was a combination of the cyclone circulation effect and the orographic lifting in the mountains. The northeasterly cyclone moist-warm wind was lifted in the Omani mountains releasing its potential energy and enhancing further thermal convection. The numerical experiment with the highest terrain elevation (RUN3.3-C) resulted in overestimation of observed rainfall due to the enhanced topographic lifting of the saturated cyclone wind. Experiment with similar horizontal grid resolution but smoother terrain elevation (RUN3.3-TER) resulted in much less rainfall amount comparable to the observed values. The increased precipitation in RUN3.3-C is due to the increase in the rain- water and cloud water and graupel of the explicit moisture scheme.

关键词： Cyclone Phet arabian Sea Oman WRF Rainfall Orography Simulation Convection

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Measurements of Natural Radioactivity of Industrial Raw Materials from the West of Saudi Arabia (arabian Shield)

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Journal of Modern Physics 2015年第4期6卷 510-520页

作者： Safia H. Q. Hamidalddin Physics Department Girls Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia

Rock samples of industrial raw materials that are used in the building, from the West of Saudi Arabia (arabian Shield), have been investigated using X-ray diffraction to identify the mineral chemical composition. The concentrations of Al%, Bi, Pb, Th, U, and K in ppm were measured by atomic absorption analysis. The activity concentrations in Bq/kg dry weight of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were measured using gamma-ray spectrometry where the range and average were found to be (03.04 - 10.91) 07.90, (03.19 - 13.31) 09.14 and (95.59 - 361.52) 234.81 in Basalt, for Granite (33.81 - 89.13) 80.85, (28.42 - 112.77) 68.50 and (1260.13 - 1629.21) 1376.69, for Gold (00.78 - 11.84) 04.73, (01.48 - 4.69) 02.69 and (13.76 - 445.09) 197.58, for Andesite 05.72, 03.73 and 471.93, and for Marble 01.56, 01.38 and 10.15 respectively. Most results existing within the given values in building materials by UNSCEAR 1993 included Raeq (Bq/kg), D (nGy/h), Deff (mSv/y), Hex and Hin, which meant that it was safe for humans.

关键词： arabian Shield Industrial Raw Materials Harrat

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Molecular investigation of the arabian horse breeds of racing, productivity and longevity

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2011年第6期2卷 450-455页

作者： Mohamed M. Ahmed Sayed A. M. Amer Samy. M. Sayed 不详

The arabian;horse Equus caballus is belonging to family Equidae that all of its species are in danger of extinction. We sequenced 1059 nucleotides from three mitochondrial DNA protein coding genes for some breeds of the arabian and English horses designated for race, productivity and longevity in order to investigate their genetic variation. The sequenced genes were NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2), cyto-chrome C oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) and ATPase subunit 6 (ATP6). ATP6 discriminated among the different breeds where seven substitutions were recorded of which 2 were non-synonymous. The other loci recoded 8 synonymous substitutions of transitions most of which were among the breeds of longevity. The data of CO1 gene were used to construct the relationship of the arabian horse to the thoroughbreds. Maximum-likelihood (ML) and Neighbor-joining (NJ) analytical methods were used. The two analytical methods showed clustering of the arabian breeds in one group and the non-sister relationship within the thoroughbreds. One of the thoroughbreds clustered within the arabian breeds suggesting the possibility of their out breeding. Increasing tendency in the variation of the studied genes was proportional to the utility of these genes in energy production within the mitochondria. The present study is therefore a preliminary step in the conservational efforts of the arabian horse of equestrian..

关键词： arabian Horse Thoroughbreds Mitochondrial DNA Longevity Race Productivity Genetic Diversity

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Effects of Multi-Stage Flash and Reverse Osmosis Desalinations on Benthic Assemblages in Bahrain,arabian Gulf

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第2期4卷 180-187页

作者： Humood A. Naser Department of Biology College of Science University of Bahrain Sakhir Kingdom of Bahrain.

Marine environment of the arabian Gulf is naturally stressed due to marked fluctuations in sea temperatures and high salinities. Anthropogenically induced stresses including waste water discharges from desalination plants could pose additional threats to the coastal and marine ecosystems in the arabian Gulf. Macrobenthic assemblages in the proximity of two major desalination plants that use Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) and brackish water Reverse Osmosis (RO) technologies in Bahrain were investigated. Reduced levels of biodiversity and abundance were recorded in sampling stations adjacent to the outlet of MSF reflecting severe impacts on macrobenthic assemblages caused by brine effluents that associated with high temperatures, salinities, and a range of chemical and heavy metal pollutants. Although localized severe impacts on macrobenthic assemblages were detected, collective discharges of desalination effluents, may synergistically contribute to the degradation of the naturally stressed marine ecosystems and natural resources in the arabian Gulf.

关键词： Macrobenthos Nutrients Metals Brine Effluents Bahrain arabian Gulf

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Variations in Swells along Eastern arabian Sea during the Summer Monsoon

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2012年第2期2卷 43-50页

作者： Glejin Johnson V. Sanil Kumar Sajiv Philip Chempalayil Jai Singh Premanand Pednekar K. Ashok Kumar G. Udhaba Dora Rajamanickam Gowthaman Ocean Engineering CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research) Dona Paula India

A study was carried out to find the variation in wave characteristics along the eastern arabian Sea and the influence of swells in the nearshore waves at 3 locations during summer monsoon in 2010. Percentage of swells in the measured waves was 75% to 79% at the locations with higher percentage of swells in the northern portion of arabian Sea com-pared to that at the southern side. The significant wave height up to 4.7 m and maximum wave height up to 7.4 m was observed. The wave height was increasing from south to north with the average significant wave height at the northern location 20% more than that at the southern location due to the increase in the swell height. Waves having spectral peak period less than 6 s were not present during the summer monsoon period. There was no change in the average value of wave statistical parameters for data collected at 1/2, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h interval.

关键词： Seas Swells Wind Waves arabian Sea Mixed Sea State Wave Spectrum

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Assessment of heavy metals concentration in holothurians, sediments and water samples from coastal areas of Pakistan (Northern arabian Sea)

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2017年第5期5卷 191-201页

作者： Quratulan Ahmed Qadeer Mohammad Ali Levent Bat The Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre University of KarachiKarachi75270Pakistan Department of Hydrobiology Fisheries FacultySinop UniversityTR57000SinopTurkey

Objective: To determine heavy metal concentrations in holothurians (Holothuria arenicola, Holothuria pardalis, Holothuria verrucosa, Holothuria atra, Ohshimella ehrenbergii, Holothuria cinerascens, Stolus buccalis and Holothuria leucospilota), sediments and sea water samples from both Buleji and Sunehri coasts bordering Northern arabian Sea during January to December 2014 and to assess the level of bioaccumulation using bioaccumulation factors. Methods: Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb levels were determined by Perkin Elmer AAnalyst 700 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Biota concentration factor (BCF) and biota sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) were also calculated. Results: The mean concentrations of heavy metals in body wall of sea cucumber ranged from 0.11 to 2.67, 0.43 to 8.93, 14 to 73, 0.76 to 7.12, 0.52 to 3.02 and 11 to 46 μg/g dry wright for Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn, respectively. The greatest biota-sediment bioaccumulation factor (BSAF) value for Zn (3.29) was observed in H. leucospilota at Buleji during pre-monsoon, indicating the species as microconcentrator. The BSAF values for Cd in sea cucumber ranged from 0.042 to 1.492. Conclusions: The results suggested that the studied sea cucumber species ranged from being microconcentrators to deconcentrators. The BSAF values of Cu, Fe, Mn and Pb were low, indicating the species as deconcentrators. Zn in all species from Sunehri coast is 'very bioaccumulative' (BCF > 5000) during all sampling periods. Cu, Fe, Mn and Pb can be considered 'bioaccumulative' (BCF < 5000).

关键词： Heavy metal Sea cucumber Karachi coast Northern arabian Sea

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Study of the Oceanic Heat Budget Components over the arabian Sea during the Formation and Evolution of Super Cyclone, Gonu

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2013年第3期3卷 282-290页

作者： P. R. Jayakrishnan C. A. Babu Department of Atmospheric Sciences Cochin University of Science and Technology Cochin India

Oceans play a vital role in the global climate system. They absorb the incoming solar energy and redistribute the energy through horizontal and vertical transports. In this context it is important to investigate the variation of heat budget components during the formation of a low-pressure system. In 2007, the monsoon onset was on 28th May. A well-marked low-pressure area was formed in the eastern arabian Sea after the onset and it further developed into a cyclone. We have analysed the heat budget components during different stages of the cyclone. The data used for the computation of heat budget components is Objectively Analyzed air-sea flux data obtained from WHOI (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) project. Its horizontal resolution is 1° × 1°. Over the low-pressure area, the latent heat flux was 180 Wm﹣2. It increased to a maximum value of 210 Wm﹣2 on 1st June 2007, on which the system was intensified into a cyclone (Gonu) with latent heat flux values ranging from 200 to 250 Wm﹣2. It sharply decreased after the passage of cyclone. The high value of latent heat flux is attributed to the latent heat release due to the cyclone by the formation of clouds. Long wave radiation flux is decreased sharply from 100 Wm﹣2 to 30 Wm﹣2 when the low-pressure system intensified into a cyclone. The decrease in long wave radiation flux is due to the presence of clouds. Net heat flux also decreases sharply to ﹣200 Wm﹣2 on 1st June 2007. After the passage, the flux value increased to normal value (150 Wm﹣2) within one day. A sharp increase in the sensible heat flux value (20 Wm﹣2) is observed on 1st June 2007 and it decreased thereafter. Short wave radiation flux decreased from 300 Wm﹣2 to 90 Wm﹣2 during the intensification on 1st June 2007. Over this region, short wave radiation flux sharply increased to higher value soon after the passage of the cyclone.

关键词： Oceanic Heat Budget Cyclone arabian Sea

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