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Cell number explains the intraspecific spur-length variation in an aquilegia species

Plant Diversity 2019年第5期41卷 307-314页

作者： Zhi-Li Zhou Yuan-Wen Duan Yan Luo Yong-Ping Yang Zhi-Qiang Zhang Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Gardening and Horticulture Department Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yunnan UniversityKunming650091China

Variations of nectar spur length allow pollinators to utilize resources in novel ways,leading to the different selective pressures on spurs and allowing taxa to diversify.However,the mechanisms underlying spur length variation remain unclear.Interspecific comparisons of spur length suggest that both cell division and anisotropic expansion could explain the changes of spur length,and that hormone-related genes contribute to the process of spur formation.In contrast,little is known about intraspecific spur length variation.In aquilegia rockii,spur length varies strikingly,ranging from 1 mm to 18 mm.To examine the potential mechanisms underlying spur length variation in A.rockii,we observed cell morphology and analyzed RNA-seq of short-and long-spurred flowers.Scanning electron microscopy revealed that at two positions on spurs there were no differences in either cell density or cell anisotropy between short-and long-spurred flowers,suggesting that in A.rockii changes in cell number may explain variations in spur length.In addition,we screened transcriptomes of short-and long-spurred flowers for differentially expressed genes;this screen identified several genes linked to cell division(e.g.,F-box,CDKB2-2,and LST8),a finding which is consistent with our analysis of the cellular morphology of spurs.However,we did not find any highly expressed genes involved in the hormone pathway in long-spurred flowers.In contrast to previous hypotheses that anisotropic cell expansion leads to interspecific spur variation in aquilegia,our results suggest that cell number changes and related genes are mainly responsible for spur length variations of A.rockii.Furthermore,the underlying mechanisms of similar floral traits in morphology may be quite different,enriching our understanding of the mechanisms of flower diversity in angiosperms.

关键词： aquilegia rockii Cell number Columbine Floral polymorphism Intraspecific variation Nectar spur

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Complex patterns of environmental niche evolution in Iberian columbines (genus aquilegia, ranunculaceae)

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第5期8卷 457-467页

作者： Rafael Jaime Julio M.Alcántara Jesús M.Bastida Pedro J.Rey Departamento de Biología Animal Biología Vegetal y EcologíaUniversidad de JaénCampus Las Lagunillass/n.Jaén E-23071Spain

Aims This study explores the patterns of niche differentiation in a group of seven closely related columbines(genus aquilegia,ranunculaceae)from the Iberian Peninsula.Populations of these columbines are subject to complex patterns of divergent selection across environ-ments,which partly explain the taxonomic structure of the group.This suggests the hypothesis that niche divergence must have occurred along the process of diversification of the group.Methods We used maxEnt to build environmental niche models of seven subspecies belonging to the three species of aquilegia present in the Iberian Peninsula.From these models,we compared the envi-ronmental niches through two different approaches:ENmtools and multivariate methods.Important FindingsmaxEnt distributions conformed closely to the actual distribution of the study taxa.ENmtools methods failed to uncover any clear patterns of niche differentiation or conservatism in Iberian columbines.multivariate analyses indicate the existence of dif-ferentiation along altitudinal gradients and along a gradient of climatic conditions determined by the summer precipitation and temperatures.However,climatic conditions related to winter tem-perature and precipitation,as well as soil properties,were equally likely to show conservatism or divergence.The complex patterns of niche evolution we found suggest that Iberian Columbines have not been significantly constrained by forces of niche conservatism,so they could respond adaptively to the fast and profound climate changes in the Iberian Peninsula through the glacial cycles of the Pleistocene.

关键词： aquilegia ecological niche modelling niche divergence niche conservatism evolution maxEnt ENmTools

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Plant performance and morphofunctional differentiation in response to edaphic variation in Iberian columbines: cues for range distribution?

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第4期7卷 403-412页

作者： Jesús M.Bastida Pedro J.Rey Julio M.Alcántara Departamento de Biología Animal Biología Vegetal y EcologíaUniversidad de JaénParaje Las Lagunillas s/n.E-23071 JaénSpain

Aims Experimental studies of the response to environmental variation of closely related taxa are needed to understand the mechanisms underly-ing phenotypic divergence,habitat segregation and range span within a radiating genus.We explored the magnitude of phenotypic differenti-ation and adaptive plasticity in relation to edaphic variation and its sig-nificance for habitat segregation and range span in Iberian columbines.Methods We performed a common garden experiment varying soil type(cal-careous vs.siliceous)and depth(rocky-shallow vs.deep)with two pairs of widespread and narrowly distributed subspecies of Iberian columbines:aquilegia vulgaris(subspp.vulgaris and nevadensis)and aquilegia pyrenaica(subspp.pyrenaica and cazorlensis).We com-pared tolerance to edaphic variation,trait differentiation and adaptive plasticity of 10 morpho-functional traits between species and distri-bution ranges.additionally,we obtained estimates of the competitive environment faced by each taxon in two to four populations per taxa.Important Findingsresults partially support hypotheses of higher competitive ability and tolerance to edaphic variation in widespread than in narrow endemic taxa.at the species level,the widely distributed taxon was the most tolerant to edaphic variation.Within species,no consistent pattern emerged since the population from the most widespread subspecies was the most tolerant in A.vulgaris but not in A.pyr-enaica.Columbines were differentiated in many traits at species and range level.However,the pattern of differentiation does not fully support the hypothesis of higher specialization and stress toler-ance in narrow endemics.although plasticity was generally low,the results support the hypothesis of adaptive plasticity in widespread but not in restricted taxa at least at species level.Ecological differences(adaptive plasticity and competitive ability among others)may have contributed to phenotypic divergence and edaphic niche segregation,as well as to differences in range span among columbines.

关键词： aquilegia habitat differentiation phenotypic divergence phenotypic plasticity endemism

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耧斗菜(aquilegia viridiflora)开花生物学特性初步研究

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西北农业学报 2010年第5期19卷 162-166页

作者：朱蕊蕊明晓高亦珂张启翔徐连江北京林业大学园林学院北京100083 北京东升种业有限公司北京100085

对aquilegia viridiflora的开花动态、花粉贮藏特性、柱头可授性及花粉在柱头萌发情况的观察等开花生物学特性进行观察研究。结果表明,aquilegia viridiflora单朵花期为12-15 d左右;新鲜花粉较适宜萌发的培养液为10%蔗糖＋0.05%氯化钙,... 详细信息

对aquilegia viridiflora的开花动态、花粉贮藏特性、柱头可授性及花粉在柱头萌发情况的观察等开花生物学特性进行观察研究。结果表明,aquilegia viridiflora单朵花期为12-15 d左右;新鲜花粉较适宜萌发的培养液为10%蔗糖＋0.05%氯化钙,萌发率可达到87.6%,-20℃条件下花粉保存3个月以后仍有活力;不同发育时期均具有不同程度的可授性,授粉最佳时期为开花后4-5 d;通过观察aquilegiaviridiflo-ra的花粉在aquilegia parviflora柱头上的萌发情况,花粉可在柱头上正常萌发并到达子房与胚珠结合,发现两者之间不存在不亲和的现象。

关键词： aquilegia viridiflora 花粉贮藏柱头可授性

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