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Distribution and impacts on the geological environment of Antiviral drugs in major waters of Wuhan,China

China Geology 2022年第3期5卷 402-410页

作者： Jun He Tong Feng Liang Tao Yue-e Peng Lei Tong Xin-wen Zhao Xin Shao Lin-ya Xu Yan-lin Yang Yong-bo Zhao Wuhan Center China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesWuhan 430205China China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074China Wuhan Geomatics Institute Wuhan 430022China

This study investigated water samples collected from the surface water and groundwater in Wuhan City,Hubei Province,China in different stages of the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019(hereinafter referred to as COVID-19)in the city,aiming to determine the distribution characteristics of Antiviral drugs in the city’s waters.The results are as follows.The main hydrochemical type of surface water and groundwater in Wuhan was Ca-HCO3.The major chemical components in the groundwater had higher concentrations and spatial variability than those in the surface water.Two Antiviral drugs and two glucocorticoids were detected in the surface water,groundwater,and sewage during the COVID-19 outbreak.Among them,chloroquine phosphate and cortisone had higher detection rates of 32.26%and 25.80%,respectively in all samples.The concentrations of residual drugs in East Lake were higher than those in other waters.The main drug detected in the waters in the later stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan was chloroquine phosphate,whose detection rates in the surface water and the groundwater were 53.85%and 28.57%,respectively.Moreover,the detection rate and concentration of chloroquine phosphate were higher in East Lake than in Huangjia Lake.The groundwater containing chloroquine phosphate was mainly distributed along the river areas where the groundwater was highly vulnerable.The residual drugs in the surface water and the groundwater had lower concentrations in the late stage of the COVID-19 outbreak than in the middle of the outbreak,and they have not yet caused any negative impacts on the ecological environment.

关键词： Water environment Antiviral drugs COVID-19 Groundwater Urban geological survey engineering Envionment geological survey engineering Wuhan Hubei Province China

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Effects of Xiyanping injection combined with Antiviral drugs on treatment of coronavirus disease 2019: a prospective randomized controlled trial

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2021年

作者： LiangdongXie QinXu LangLyu HaiweiFan NingXie WeiZhong WenBao TheFifthPeople'sHospitalofGanzhou FengchengPeople'sHospital StateKeyLaboratoryofInnovativeNaturalMedicineandTCMInjections RuijinHospitalofTraditionalChineseMedicine People'sHospitalofGanxianDistrict

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Xiyanping injection in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: From January 24， 2020 to March 27， 2020， a total of 100 patients， who met the diagnostic criteria for moderate-COVID-19 and were admitted to The Fifth People’s Hospital of Ganzhou (Ganzhou， China) and Fengcheng People’s Hospital (Fengcheng， China)， were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups， including combined therapy group (n=59， Xiyanping injection plus conventional treatment (e.g.， nutritional support， respiratory support， antiviral treatment)) and control group (n=41， patients only received conventional treatment). The clinical recovery time， time spent on relief of main clinical symptoms， and duration of turning the positive result of nucleic acid test to negative were compared between the two groups. Results: The clinical recovery time in the combined therapy group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P antiviral therapy can significantly shorten the clinical recovery time， time length of fever reduction and cough improvement， as well as duration of turning the positive result of nucleic acid test to negative in patients with COVID-19， highlighting its safety and high efficiency， along with an acceptable prognosis for patients with COVID-19.

关键词： Xiyanping injection COVID-19 Antiviral drugs Nucleic acid test Clinical efficacy

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Character of Frontier Orbitals of Antiviral drugs: Candidate drugs against Covid-19

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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2020年第3期10卷 158-165页

作者： Yoshihiro Mizukami Faculty of Education Shiga University Otsu Japan

We performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations for ribonucleotides and active triphosphate metabolites of candidate drugs against Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Frontier orbitals (highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) at optimized structure of each molecule were obtained. T-705RTP (active triphosphate metabolite of favipiravir) and cytidine triphosphate (CTP) have similar shapes of frontier orbitals. We also obtained similar shapes of frontier orbitals among dihydroxy GS-441524 triphosphate (GS-441524 is an active triphosphate metabolite of remdesivir) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). From a theoretical viewpoint, we suggest T-705RTP is a CTP analogue and dihydroxy GS-441524 triphosphate is an ATP analogue.

关键词： Covid-19 Antiviral drugs Frontier Orbitals Ribonucleotides

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Medicinal chemistry strategies towards the development of effective SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第2期12卷 581-599页

作者： Shenghua Gao Tianguang Huang Letian Song Shujing Xu Yusen Cheng Srinivasulu Cherukupalli Dongwei Kang Tong Zhao Lin Sun Jian Zhang Peng Zhan Xinyong Liu Department of Medicinal Chemistry Key Laboratory of Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJi’nan 250012China China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral drugs of Shandong Province Ji’nan 250012China

Novel therapies are urgently needed to improve global treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Herein,we briefly provide a concise report on the medicinal chemistry strategies towards the development of effective SARS-CoV-2 ... 详细信息

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Antiviral drugs Drug design Medicinal chemistry strategies

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Monkeypox virus:a re-emergent threat to humans

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Virologica Sinica 2022年第4期37卷 477-482页

作者： Qizan Gong Changle Wang Xia Chuai Sandra Chiu Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China Department of Pathogenic Biology Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei050017China

Human monkeypox(MPX)is a rare zoonotic infection characterized by smallpox-like signs and symptoms.It is caused by monkeypox virus(MPXV),a double stranded DNA virus belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus.MPX was first identified in 1970 and mostly prevailed in the rural rainforests of Central and West Africa in the past.Outside Africa,MPX was reported in the United Kingdom,the USA,Israel,and Singapore.In 2022,the resurgence of MPX in Europe and elsewhere posed a potential threat to humans.MPXV was transmitted by the animals-human or human-human pathway,and the symptoms of MPXV infection are similar to that of smallpox,but in a milder form and with lower mortality(1%–10%).Although the smallpox vaccination has been shown to provide 85%protection against MPXV infection,and two anti-smallpox virus drugs have been approved to treat MPXV,there are still no specific vaccines and drugs against MPXV infection.Therefore it is urgent to take active measures including the adoption of novel anti-MPXV strategies to control the spread of MPXV and prevent MPX epidemic.In this review,we summarize the biological features,epidemiology,pathogenicity,laboratory diagnosis,and prevention and treatment strategies on MPXV.This review provides the basic knowledge for prevention and control of future outbreaks of this emerging infection.

关键词： Monkeypox virus(MPXV) Orthopoxvirus Smallpox vaccine Antiviral drugs

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Small-molecule anti-COVID-19 drugs and a focus on China's homegrown mindeudesivir(WV116)

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Frontiers of Medicine 2023年第6期17卷 1068-1079页

作者： Qiuyu Cao Yi Ding Yu Xu Mian Li Ruizhi Zheng Zhujun Cao Weiqing Wang Yufang Bi Guang Ning Yiping Xu Ren Zhao Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsKey Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Center for Translational MedicineRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China Department of Infectious Disease Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China Clinical Trials Center Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China Department of General Surgery Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has stimulated tremendous efforts to develop therapeutic agents that target severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 to control viral infection.So far,a few small-molecule Antiviral drugs,including nirmatrelvir-ritonavir(Paxlovid),remdesivir,and molnupiravir have been marketed for the treatment of COVID-19.Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir has been recommended by the World Health Organization as an early treatment for outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19.However,the existing treatment options have limitations,and effective treatment strategies that are cost-effective and convenient for tackling COVID-19 are still needed.To date,four domestically developed oral anti-COVID-19 drugs have been granted conditional market approval in China.These drugs include azvudine,simnotrelvir-ritonavir(Xiannuoxin),leritrelvir,and mindeudesivir(VV11).Preclinical and clinical studies have explored the efficacy and tolerability of mindeudesivir and supported its early use in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 cases at high risk for progression.In this review,we discuss the most recent findings regarding the pharmacological mechanism and therapeutic effects focusing on mindeudesivir and other small-molecule antiviral agents for COVID-19.These findings will expand our understanding and highlight the potential widespread application of China's homegrown anti-COVID-19 drugs.

关键词： COVID-19 Antiviral drugs mindeudesivir

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Tenofovir vs.entecavir on recurrence of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma beyond Milan criteria after hepatectomy

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第3期135卷 301-308页

作者： Junyi Shen Weili Qi Junlong Dai Shusheng Leng Kangyi Jiang Yu Zhang Shun Ran Chuan Li Tianfu Wen Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China Laboratory of Liver Transplantation Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular NetworkWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China Institute of Clinical Pathology West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu UniversityChengduSichuan 610072China Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery The People's Hospital of LeshanLeshanSichuan 614700China Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesChengduSichuan 610072China Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhou 550000China

Background:Hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)beyond the Milan criteria is shown to be beneficial.However,a high rate of post-operative HCC recurrence hinders the long-term survival of the patients.This study aimed to investigate and compare the impacts of tenofovir(TDF)and entecavir(ETV)on the recurrence of hepatitis B viral(HBV)-related HCC beyond the Milan criteria.Methods:Data pertaining to 1532 patients who underwent hepatectomy and received antiviral therapy between January 2014 and January 2019 were collected from five centers.Recurrence-free survival(RFS)analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method.Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to determine prognostic factors for HCC recurrence.Results:The analysis incorporates 595 HBV-related HCC patients.The overall 5-year RFS was 21.3%.Among them,533 and 62 patients received ETV and TDF treatment,respectively.The 1-,3-,and 5-year RFS rates were 46.3%,27.4%,and 19.6%,respectively,in the ETV group compared with 65.1%,41.8%,and 37.2%,respectively,in the TDF group(P<0.001).Multivariate analysis showed that TDF treatment(hazard ratio[HR]:0.604,P=0.005),cirrhosis(HR:1.557,P=0.004),tumor size(HR:1.037,P=0.008),microvascular invasion(MVI)(HR:1.403,P=0.002),portal vein tumor thrombus(PVTT)(HR:1.358,P=0.012),capsular invasion(HR:1.228,P=0.040),and creatinine levels(CREA)(HR:0.993,P=0.031)were statistically significant prognostic factors associated with RFS.Conclusions:Patients with HCC beyond the Milan criteria exhibited a high rate of HCC recurrence after hepatectomy.Compared to the ETV therapy,TDF administration significantly lowered the risk of HCC recurrence.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis B virus Antiviral drugs Recurrence Hepatectomy

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Efficacy and safety of carrimycin in ten patients with severe pneumonia following solid organ transplantation

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第15期12卷 2542-2550页

作者： Xian-Quan Cui Lu-Wei Zhang Peng Zhao Jing-Jing Feng Department of Organ Transplantation Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250012Shandong ProvinceChina Department of Blood Purification Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250012Shandong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The number of patients undergoing solid organ transplantation has increased annually.However,infections in solid organ transplant recipients can have a severe effect on patient survival owing to the continued use of immunosuppressants.Carrimycin is a novel macrolide antibiotic produced by genetically engineered streptomyces spiramyceticus harboring a 4’’-O-isovaleryltransferase gene(ist)from streptomyces thermotoleran.Carrimycin has good antibacterial and antiviral effects.However,no relevant studies have been conducted on the efficacy and safety of carrimycin in patients with severe pneumonia(SP)after solid organ transplantation.AIM To explore the efficacy and safety of carrimycin in patients with SP after solid organ transplantation to provide a medication reference for clinical treatment.METHODS In March 2022,ten patients with SP following solid-organ transplantation were treated at our hospital between January 2021 and March 2022.When the condition was critical and difficult to control with other drugs,carrimycin was administered.These ten patients'clinical features and treatment protocols were retrospectively analyzed,and the efficacy and safety of carrimycin for treating SP following solid organ transplantation were evaluated.RESULTS All ten patients were included in the analysis.Regarding etiological agent detection,there were three cases of fungal pneumonia,two cases of bacterial pneumonia,two cases of Pneumocystis pneumonia,and three cases of mixed infections.After treatment with carrimycin,the disease in seven patients significantly improved,the course of the disease was significantly shortened,fever was quickly controlled,chest computed tomography was significantly improved,and oxygenation was significantly improved.Finally,the patients were discharged after curing.One patient died of acute respiratory distress syndrome,and two patients discontinued treatment.CONCLUSION Carrimycin is a safe and effective treatment modality for SP following solid organ transplantation.Carrimycin may have anti

关键词： Carrimycin Organ transplantation Severe pneumonia Immunosuppressant Infection Antiviral drugs

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Protein-based biomaterials for combating viral infections:Current status and future prospects for development

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Biosafety and Health 2022年第2期4卷 87-94页

作者： Yongyue Han Juanli Pan Yanhong Ma Dongfang Zhou Wei Xu Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510280China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China Research Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Bioengineering Ministry of Health.Daan Gene Co.LtdGuangzhou 510665China

The outbreak of viral infections are serious threat to human life and health.However,there remains to be a lack of effective treatments and prophylactic measures against some viral infections.Additionally,there are numerous challenges in developing vaccines and Antiviral drugs(e.g.,antibodies and protein inhibitors),such as low immunogenicity of vaccines,difficulties in storing vaccines,instability and easy degradation of protein drugs,and lack of drug selectivity.Protein-based biomaterials can interact with Antiviral drugs or vaccines to achieve synergistic or enhanced effects,making them a promising antiviral tool with many advantages.Silk fibroin has the potential to stabilize liquid vaccines at room temperature.Elastin-like polypeptide modification can improve the stability and yield of virus-neutralizing antibodies.drugs in combination withβ-casein or serum albumin(SA)has good prospects in treating human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infections.Moreover,the greatest value of SA as a protein-based antiviral material lies in its ability to target the liver and macrophages.In the future,combination with SA(direct conjugation or encapsulation with drugs)may be a better treatment strategy for viral hepatitis and HIV infections because it leads to fewer adverse reactions.In addition,selfassembling protein nanoparticles(SApNPs)are found to improve vaccine immunogenicity.The combination of multiple viral immunogens and multiple SApNPs produces different promising vaccine candidates,thus highlighting the value of SApNPs.This review aimed to discuss the current status and future prospects for the development of protein-based biomaterials to combat viral infections.

关键词： Viral infections Protein-based biomaterials Antiviral drugs Vaccines

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Andrographolide as a potent and promising antiviral agent

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2020年第10期18卷 760-769页

作者： Latif Reshi Wang Chi-Yong Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinaiy MedicineNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung 40227TaiwanChina

Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid extracted and purified from the aerial parts of plants belonging to genus Andrographis(Acanthaceae).The research has shown the plant based compound is low cytotoxic,having antimicrobial,anti-cancer,antiviral and anti-parasitic effects.Andrographolide both prevent spread as well as transmission of virus to neighboring cells by interfering with different cell signaling pathways.In addition to its medicinal value,plant has been found having nutritional value.Therefore being cost effective,easy availability and having nutritional value as a natural supplement,can be used to improve the quality of life in countries having low standard of living.Due to the limited number of effective vaccines,the plant-based Antiviral drugs have provided considerable hope for fighting against the viral infections.The plant-derived compound when produced in large quantities is cost effective with low cytotoxic effects.However,much deep insight research at the molecular level is needed to develop the molecules against the viral infection.This paper aims to highlight the antiviral role of Andrographolide that can made significant contributions toward the improvement of human health and will also summarize the current status and future strategies concerning the therapeutic applications of Andrographolide to combat different viral disease in humans.

关键词： Andrographolide Vaccines Antiviral drugs Antimicrobial Life cycle Viral infection

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