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Determinants of vigilance in a reintroduced population of Pere David＇s deer

Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 265-270页

作者： Wei ZHENG Guy BEAUCHAMP Xuelei JIANG Zhongqiu LI Qinglong YANG The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical B iotechnology School of Life Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Montreal St-Hyacinthe Quebec Canada J2S 7C6 Jinling College Nanjing University Nanjing 210089 China

After being kept in captivity and isolated from natural predators for more than 1,200 years, P6re David＇s deer has been reintroduced in China and now occurs in a reserve where human activity is the only potential threat. antipredator vigilance i~ an important component of survival for many prey animals in their natural habitat. Do deer still adjust vigilance as a function of risk after such a long period of relaxed predation pressure？ Here, we examined vigilance levels in P6re David＇s deer groups as a function of group size, sex and level of human disturbance. The results showed that individual vigilance significantly decreased with group size in all-female groups but not in all-males or mixed-sex groups. In rutting season, males compete with one another and harass females, and we argue that vigilance is partly aimed at threatening males and that such vigilance increases with group size. This explains why overall vigilance did not vary with group size for males in general and for females in mixed-sex groups. vigilance increased in more disturbed areas but in in male deer only. The results indicate that despite relaxed predation pressure over centuries, P6re David＇s deer can still adjust antipredator responses as a function of perceived risk. Such information may become useful in the rewilding programme now under way for this species in China [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 265-270, 2013].

关键词： antipredator vigilance Group size Human disturbance Sexual competition P6re David's deer

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