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Physiological Mechanism of Exogenous Selenium in Alleviating Mercury Stress on Pakchoi(Brassica campestris L.)

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第5期93卷 951-962页

作者： Chengxu Qian Qiangwen Chen Leiyu Jiang Xiaoyan Yang Shen Rao Weiwei Zhang Feng Xu College of Horticulture and Gardening Yangtze UniversityJingzhou434025China Enshi Se-Run Material Engineering Technology Co. Ltd.Enshi445000China Henry Fok School of Biology and Agricultural Shaoguan UniversityShaoguan512005China National R&D for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology Wuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhan430023China

The objective of this study was to explain the physiological mechanisms through which Na_(2)SeO_(3) mitigates the growth and developmental inhibition of pakchoi under HgCl_(2)stress.The results showed that treatment with HgCl_(2)(40 mg L^(−1))led to reduced biomass,dwarfing,root shortening,and root tip necrosis in pakchoi.Compared to control(CK),the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)in Hg treatment increased,and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)also dramatically increased,which negatively impacted the growth of pakchoi.Low concentrations of Na_(2)SeO_(3)(0.2 mg L^(−1))significantly increased the content of soluble sugars compared with control,while chlorophyll,soluble proteins,free amino acids,and vitamin C had no significant changes.The results of the mixed treatments with HgCl_(2)and Na_(2)SeO_(3) suggested that selenium may be able to reduce the toxicity of mercury in pakchoi.The biomass,plant height,root length,chlorophyll content,soluble protein,other physiological indicators,and proline showed significant increases compared with the HgCl_(2)treatment.Additionally,the MDA content and mercury accumulation in pakchoi decreased.Our results revealed the antagonistic effects of selenium and mercury in pakchoi.Thus,a theoretical basis for studying pakchoi’s mercuryexcreted and selenium-rich cultivation technology was provided.

关键词： Selenium mercury stress pakchoi physiological properties antioxidant enzymes

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Cobalt and manganese stress in the microalga Pavlova viridis (Prymnesiophyceae):Effects on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第11期19卷 1330-1335页

作者： LI Mei ZHU Qin HU Chang-wei CHEN Li LIU Zhi-li KONG Zhi-ming National Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse of China School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China School of Life Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

Pollution of marine environment has become an issue of major concern in recent years. Serious environmental pollution by heavy metals results from their increasing utilization in industrial processes and because most heavy metals are transported into the marine environment and accumulated without decomposition. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects on growth, pigments, lipid peroxidation, and some antioxidant enzyme activities of marine microalga Pavlova viridis, in response to elevated concentrations of cobalt （Co） and manganese （Mn）, especially with regard to the involvement of antioxidative defences against heavy metal-induced oxidative stress. In response to Co^2＋, lipid peroxidation was enhanced compared to the control, as an indication of the oxidative damage caused by metal concentration assayed in the microalgal cells but not Mn^2＋. Exposure of Pavlova viridis to the two metals caused changes in enzyme activities in a different manner, depending on the metal assayed： after Co^2＋ treatments, total superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was irregular, although it was not significantly affected by Mn^2＋ exposure. Co^2＋ and Mn^2＋ stimulated the activities of catalase （CAT） and glutathione （GSH）, whereas, glutathione peroxidase （GPX） showed a remarkable increase in activity in response to Co^2＋ treatments and decreased gradually with Mn^2＋ concentration, up to 50 μmol/L, and then rose very rapidly, reaching to about 38.98% at 200 μmol/L Mn^2＋. These results suggest that an activation of some antioxidant enzymes was enhanced, to counteract the oxidative stress induced by the two metals at higher concentration.

关键词： antioxidant enzymes cobalt manganese malondialdehyde （MDA） Pavlova viridis

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Evaluation of antioxidant enzymes activities and identification of intermediate products during phytoremediation of an anionic dye(C.I. Acid Blue 92) by pennywort(Hydrocotyle vulgaris)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第11期25卷 2214-2222页

作者： Fatemeh Vafaei Ali Movafeghi Alireza Khataee Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Tabriz Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry University of Tabriz

The potential of pennywort （Hydrocotyle vulgaris） for phytoremediation of C.I. Acid Blue 92 （AB92） was evaluated. The effects of various experimental parameters including pH, temperature, dye concentration and plant weight on dye removal efficiency were investigated. The results showed that the optimal condition for dye removal were pH 3.5 and temperature 25~C. Moreover, the absolute dye removal enhanced with increase in the initial dye concentration and plant weight. Pennywort showed the same removal efficiency in repeated experiments （four runs） as that obtained from the first run （a 6-day period）. Therefore, the ability of the plant in consecutive removal of AB92 confirmed the biodegradation process. Accordingly, a number of produced intermediate compounds were identified. The effect of treatment on photosynthesis and antioxidant defense system including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase in plant roots and leaves were evaluated. The results revealed a reduction in photosynthetic pigments content under dye treatments. antioxidant enzyme responses showed marked variations with respect to the plant organ and dye concentration in the liquid medium. Overall, the increase in antioxidant enzyme activity under AB92 stress in the roots was much higher than that in the leaves. Nevertheless, no significant increase in malondialdehyde content was detected in roots or leaves, implying that the high efficiency of antioxidant system in the elimination of reactive oxygen species. Based on these results, pennywort was founded to be a capable species for phytoremediation of AB92-contaminated water, may be effective for phytoremediation dye-contaminated polluted aquatic ecosystems.

关键词： phytoremediation anionic dye Hydrocotyle vulgaris antioxidant enzymes photosynthetic pigments

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Effects of insoluble Zn,Cd,and EDTA on the growth,activities of antioxidant enzymes and uptake of Zn and Cd in Vetiveria zizanioides

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第2期21卷 186-192页

作者： XU Weihong LI Wenyi HE Jianping Balwant Singh XIONG Zhiting College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China Faculty of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources the University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China

A root-bag experiment was conducted to study the effects of insoluble Zn, Cd, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid （EDTA） on the plant growth, activities of antioxidant enzymes, proline, glutathione （GSH）, water-soluble proteins and malondialdehyde （MDA） of Vetiveria zizanioides. The V. zizanioides uptake capacity of Zn and Cd also determined. The results showed that plant growth of V. zizanioides was inhibited by Zn and Cd. The shoot dry weight （SDW） and root dry weight （RDW） decrease by 14.2%, 14.1%, 17.0% and 17.3%, 32.5%, 35.7%, respectively, compared to the control without EDTA addition. After adding EDTA, shoot and root dry weight decreased over 10% and 15%, respectively. The toxicity from insoluble Zn and Cd in soil on SDW and RDW of V. zizanioides was in order： Zn＋Cd 〉 Cd 〉 Zn. The activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD） and catalase （CAT）, and contents of MDA and proline increased significantly, while the contents of GSH and water-soluble proteins decreased markedly with increasing Zn and Cd toxicity. With EDTA, shoot and root Zn concentrations increased in the Zn treatment by 7.3% and 37.4%, and Cd concentrations in the combined Zn and Cd treatment increased by 18.6% and 391.9% compared to the treatment without EDTA. However, Zn and Cd concentrations in shoot and roots decreased in the Cd treatment compared to the plants grown in absence of EDTA, with exception of root Cd concentration in the presence of EDTA.

关键词： Vetiveria zizanioides antioxidant enzymes glutathione malondialdehyde praline concentration of Zn and Cd

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Effects of melatonin on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat testis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2006年第5期8卷 595-600页

作者： Abdullah Armagan EfkanUz H.RamazanYilmaz SedatSoyupek TaylanOksay Nurten Ozcelik Department of Urology Suleyman Demirel UniversityFaculty of MedicineIsparta 32050Turkey Department of Medical Biology Suleyman Demirel UniversityFaculty of MedicineIsparta 32050Turkey

Aim： To examine the effects of melatonin treatment on lipid peroxidation （LPO） and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the testicular tissue of streptozotocin （STZ）-induced diabetic rats. Methods： Twenty-six male rats were randomly divided into three groups as follows： group Ⅰ, control, non-diabetic rats （n = 9）; group Ⅱ, STZ-induced, untreated diabetic rats （n = 8）; group Ⅲ, STZ-induced, melatonin-treated （dose of 10 mg/kg·day） diabetic rats （n = 9）. Following 8-week melatonin treatment, all rats were anaesthetized and then were killed to remove testes from the scrotum. Results： As compared to group Ⅰ, in rat testicular tissues of grouap Ⅱ, increased levels of malondialdehyde （MDA）（P 〈 0.01） and superoxide dismutase （SOD）（P 〈 0.01） as well as, decreased levels of catalase （CAT）（P 〈 0.01） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）（P 〉 0.05） were found. In contrast, as compared to group Ⅱ, in rat testicular tissues of group Ⅲ, levels of MDA decreased （but this decrease was not significant, P 〉 0.05） and SOD （P 〈 0.01） as well as CAT （P 〈 0.05） increased. GSH-Px was not influenced by any of the treatment. Melatonin did not significantly affect the elevated glucose concentration of diabetic group. At the end of the study, there was no significant difference between the melatonin-treated group and the untreated group by means of body and testicular weight. Conclusion： Diabetes mellitus increases oxidative stress and melatonin inhibits lipid peroxidation and might regulate the activities of antioxidant enzymes of diabetic rat testes.

关键词： melatonin antioxidant enzymes lipid peroxidation oxidative stress diabetes mellitus testis

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Selenium-induced Changes in Activities of antioxidant enzymes and Content of Photosynthetic Pigments in Spirulina platensis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第1期50卷 40-48页

作者： Tian-Feng Chen Wen-Jie Zheng Yum-Shing Wong Fang Yang Department of Biology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China Department of Chemistry Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China

Spirulina platensis exposed to various selenium （Se） concentrations （0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 150, 175, 200, 250 mg/L） accumulated high amounts of Se in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Under low Se concentrations （〈150 mg/L）, Se induced increases in biomass concentration, content of photosynthetic pigments, and activities of glutathione peroxidase （GPX）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT） and Gua-dep peroxidases （POD）, which indicates that antioxidant enzymes play an important role in protecting cells from Se stress. Higher Se concentrations （≥175 mg/L） led to higher Se accumulation and increases in activities of GPX, SOD, CAT and POD, but also induced lipid peroxidation （LPO） coupled with potassium leakage and decreases in biomass concentration and contents of photosynthetic pigment. The results indicate that increases in activities of the antioxidant enzymes were not sufficient to protect cell membranes against Se stress. Time-dependent variations in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, contents of chlorophyll a and carotenoid and the LPO level were also investigated under representative Se concentrations of 40 and 200mg/L. Opposite variation trends between SOD-CAT activities, and GPX-POD-APX activities were observed during the growth cycles. The results showed that the prevention of damage to cell membranes of S. platensis cells could be achieved by cooperative effects of SOD-CAT and GPX-POD-APX enzymes. This study concludes that S. platensis possessed tolerance to Se and could protect itself from phytotoxicity induced by Se by altering various metabolic processes.

关键词： accumulation antioxidant enzymes photosynthetic pigments selenium Spirulina platensis.

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Effects of immediate and delayed mild hypothermia on endogenous antioxidant enzymes and energy metabolites following global cerebral ischemia

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第17期124卷 2764-2766页

作者： ZHANG Hong ZHANG Jun-jian MEI Yuan-wu SUN Sheng-gang TONG E-tang Department of Neurology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Center for Cerebral Vascular Diseases Medical College of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430071 China Department of Neuroiogy Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science & Technology Wuhan Hubei 430022 China

Background The optimal time window for the administration of hypothermia following cerebral ischemia has been studied for decades, with disparity outcomes. In this study, the efficacy of mild brain hypothermia beginning at different time intervals on brain endogenous antioxidant enzyme and energy metabolites was investigated in a model of global cerebral ischemia. Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a sham-operated group, a normothermia （37℃-38℃） ischemic group and a mild hypothermic （31℃-32℃） ischemia groups. Rats in the last group were subdivided into four groups： 240 minutes of hypothermia, 30 minutes of normothermia plus 210 minutes of hypothermia, 60 minutes of normothermia plus 180 minutes of hypothermia and 90 minutes of normothermia plus 150 minutes of hypothermia （n=8）. Global cerebral ischemia was established using the Pulsinelli four-vessel occlusion model for 20 minutes and mild hypothermia was applied after 20 minutes of ischemia. Brain.tissue was collected following 20 minutes of cerebral ischemia and 240 minutes of reperfusion, and used to measure the levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）, reduced glutathione （GSH） and adenosine triphosphate （ATP）. Results Mild hypothermia that was started within 0 to 60 minutes delayed the consumption of SOD, GSH-Px, GSH, and ATP （P 〈0.05 or P 〈0.01） in ischemic tissue, as compared to a normothermic ischemia group. In contrast, mild hypothermia beginning at 90 minutes had little effect on the levels of SOD, GSH-Px, GSH, and ATP （P〉0.05）. Conclusions Postischemic mild brain hypothermia can significantly delay the consumption of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and energy metabolites, which are critical to the process of cerebral protection by mild hypothermia. These results show that mild hypothermia limits ischemic injury if started within 60 minutes, but loses its protective effects when delayed until 90 minutes following cerebral ischemia.

关键词： ischemic reperfusion antioxidant enzymes energy metabolites mild hypothermia therapeutic time window

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Pesticide-Induced Alterations of Esterase and antioxidant enzymes of Aquatic Organisms Oreochromis mossambicus and Xenopus laevis

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2022年第6期12卷 292-305页

作者： Ronald Ndlovu Norah Basopo Department of Applied Biology and Biochemistry National University of Science and Technology Bulawayo Zimbabwe

Pesticides are extensively utilized in modern farming to control pests and weeds, thereby ensuring high quality and quantity of crops. Aerial drifts and runoffs after rain transport these agrochemicals to aquatic bodies, where they adversely affect aquatic organisms. We carried out a study to assess the effects of carbaryl and dimethoate on esterase and antioxidant enzyme activities of tadpoles, adult frogs and juvenile fish. These organisms were exposed to sublethal contraptions of 2.9 ppm carbaryl and 4.8 ppm dimethoate for 96 hours. After the exposure period, the fish and frogs were sacrificed and post-mitochondrial fractions were prepared for enzymatic analysis. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CbE), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were measured. Carbaryl and dimethoate inhibited the activities of acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in juvenile fish, tadpoles and adult frogs. Inhibition of SOD, CAT and GPx suggests that the two pesticides caused oxidative stress in the aquatic organisms, while inhibition of AChE and CbE affected the normal transmission of nerve impulses. The results indicate that the two pesticides affect the well-being of the studied aquatic organisms.

关键词： Carbaryl Dimethoate Frogs Tadpoles Fish antioxidant enzymes

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Expression and sub-cellular localization of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains are related to antioxidant enzymes in human ependymoma and oligodendroglioma

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Neural Regeneration Research 2011年第11期6卷 860-864页

作者： Wei Yi Lin Liu Okechi Humphrey Qianxue Chen Shulan Huang Department of Neurosurgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060 Hubei Province China Department of Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 Hubei Province China

The current study investigated correlations between the expression of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domain 1 （LRIG1） and antioxidant enzymes and related proteins, including manganese superoxide dismutase, glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic or regulatory subunit, thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase, in both human ependymoma and oligodendroglioma. Results revealed that the cytoplasmic expression of LRIG1 was associated with expression of glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit in the human ependymoma, while the nuclear expression of LRIG1 was associated with expression of thioredoxin reductase. In human oligodendroglioma, the cytoplasmic expression of LRIG1 was associated with expression of the glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit. Both the nuclear and perinuclear expressions of LRIG1 were associated with expression of glutamate cysteine ligase regulatory subunit. These results indicated that several antioxidant enzymes and related proteins contributed to LRIG1 expression, and that these may participate in the antioxidation of the cells.

关键词： leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domain 1 sub-cellular localization ependymoma oligodendroglioma antioxidant enzymes

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Grafting Increases the Copper Tolerance of Cucumber Seedlings by Improvement of Polyamine Contents and Enhancement of antioxidant enzymes Activity

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第7期9卷 985-994页

作者： ZHANG Zi-kun LIU Shi-qi HAO Shu-qin LIU Su-hui State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University Tai＇an 271018 P.R. China

The aim of the study is to determine whether grafting could improve antioxidant enzyme activities and polyamine contents in leaves of cucumber plants（Cucumis sativus L.cv.Xintaimici） under copper stress.Grafted（using Cucurbita ficifolia as rootstock） and ungrafted cucumber seedlings were cultured in deep flow technique（DFT） with the Cu2＋ concentration of 40 μmol L-1.The results showed that on the 9th day of copper stress treatment,the contents of malondialdehyde（MDA） and hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）,superoxide radical（） producing rate,and electrolyte leakage percentage were significantly lower in grafted seedlings in comparison to those of the ungrafted seedlings,whereas the activities of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase（SOD,EC 1.***.1.1）,peroxidase（POD,EC 1.***.1.7）,ascorbate peroxidase（APX,EC 1.***.1.11）,catalase（CAT,EC 1.***.1.6）,glutathione reductase（GR,EC 1.***.4.2）,and monodehydroascorbate reductase（MDHAR,EC 1.***.5.4） of grafted seedlings were also significantly higher than that of ungrafted seedlings,and the contents of free proline and soluble protein of grafted seedlings were significantly higher than that of ungrafted seedlings.Cu2＋ treatment increased the putrescine（Put） level and lowered the spermidine（Spd） and spermine（Spm） levels,thereby reducing the Put/（Spd ＋ Spm） ratio in leaves of grafted and ungrafted seedlings.Grafting markedly reversed these Cu-induced effects for all three PAs and partially restored the Put/（Spd ＋ Spm） ratio in leaves.These results suggest that grafting can enhance the tolerance of cucumber seedlings to Cu2＋ stress by increasing the activities of antioxidants and the levels of endogenous Spd and Spm,decreasing the Put/（Spd ＋ Spm） ratio and the levels of ROS,promoting free proline and soluble protein synthesis in cucumber seedling leaves.

关键词： copper stress grafted cucumber seedling antioxidant enzymes polyamines lipid peroxidation

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