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China Population Today 1994年第3期11卷 17-19页

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By 1992, there were 3187 maternal and child health (MCH) care centers and 34 children's hospitals in 87.9% of China's villages, staffed with 58,379 gynecologists, obstetricians and pediatricians; 60,000 midwives; and 460,000 country doctors and birth attendants. From 1949 to 1990, the infant mortality rate declined from about 200/1000 to 31.42/1000, and the maternal mortality rate dropped from 1500 per 100,000 women to 94.7 per 100,000 women. By 1992, deliveries attended by trained midwives constituted 84.1% nationwide, and hospital deliveries made up 52.7% nationally. The childhood immunization coverage rate is over 85%. The family planning policy was established in 1979 to promote later age at marriage, encourage delayed childbearing, and support fewer but healthier births. China advocates 1 child per couple; however, certain minority groups may have 3 or even 4 children. At the town level, family planning sub-stations were established throughout the county to disseminate information about family planning, provide technical services, distribute contraceptives, and train family planning service workers. The maternal mortality rate remains unacceptably high at 114.9 per 100,000 women in rural China. Inadequate nutrition of children is as high as 21%. In remote areas the fertility rate, infant mortality rate and maternal mortality rate remain comparatively high. In 1992 a total of 759,989 cases of STDs were reported throughout the country. By the end of 1992, testing for HIV among 1.61 million people revealed 969 HIV-positive and 12 AIDS cases. About 15 million men have accepted male sterilization in Sichuan. By 1992 a total of over 156.6 million women were using IUDs and sterilization, whereas only 31.7 million husbands used male methods such as the condom and sterilization. Extensive IEC activities are being carried out that stress the advantages of male methods. In 1992 the IUD and sterilization accounted for 90.8% of the total. By 1993, the sale of contraceptives

关键词： antinatalist policy Asia China Contraception Contraceptive Availability Delivery Of Health Care Developing Countries Diseases Eastern Asia Family Planning Family Planning Programs Health Health Services Infections Maternal-child Health Services Measurement One Child policy policy Population policy Prevalence Primary Health Care Reproductive Tract Infections Sexually Transmitted Diseases Social policy

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