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Comparative Research on Serogroups Distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coil Isolates from Poultry in Different Areas of China

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2008年第3期7卷 381-386页

作者： SONG Li NING Yi-bao ZHANG Xiu-ying SHENG Qing-chun ZHANG Guang-chuan LIN Shu-mao WU Hao-ting ZHAO Hui GAO Guang FENG Zhong-wu China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control Beijing 100081 P.R.China Foshan College of Science and Technology Foshan 528000 P.R.China

A total of 241 Escherichia coli （E. coli） isolates from 349 avian samples （292 from cloacae, 29 from feed and water, 28 from dust and padding） were collected from Northeast, South, North, and Central China in recent years. The percentage of isolation was 69.1%. There are 67 serogroups each with 1-2 isolates distributed in different regions, and some of these regions had the preponderant serogroups. antimicrobial-resistance （AR） of E. coli was so severe that the majority were multi-AR. Fifty percent strains were resistant to 10-19 antimicrobial drugs. Overall, the isolates represented resistance to nalidixic acid （88.1%）, tetracycline （85.7%）, sulfamethoxazole （81.0%）, trimethoprim-sulfamethpxazole （77.1%）, ampicillin （76.2%）, amoxilline （74.3%）, streplomycin （66.2%）, fluoroquinolones （57.1-66.7%）, chloramphenicol （52.9%）, gentamicin （39.0%）, and kanamycin （36.2%）. The isolates were sensitive to cefalexin, amoxilline-clavulanic acid, amikacin, and florfenicol with an AR rate of 0-19,5% only, The results showed that the AR was more severe in chicken farms in which the antibiotics were used broadly and repeatedly. This study indicated the AR characterization of E, coli in different areas of China. It will be a foundation for studying AR mechanism and regulating the usage of antimicrobial in the poultry industry.

关键词： Escherichia coli serogroups antimicrobial-resistance

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Studies on antimicrobial resistance Transfer In vitro and Existent Selectivity of Avian antimicrobial-Resistant Enterobacteriaccae In vivo

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2008年第5期7卷 636-640页

作者： SONG Li NING Yi-bao ZHANG Qi-jing YANG Cheng-hua GAO Guang HAN Jian-feng China institute of Veterinary Drug Control Beijing 100081 P.R.China College of Veterinary Medicine lowa State University lowa 50011-1250 USA

Increasing antimicrobial resistance （AR） has become a severe problem of public health in the world, whereas control of the AR of bacteria will be based on investigation of the AR mechanism. Furthermore, understanding the existent selectivity of AR organisms from animals can prevent the emergence and diffusion of AR effectively. PCR amplifications of gyrA and parC genes have been performed for detecting fluoroquinolones-resistance （FR） genes. A conjugational transfer test has been carried out using a donor which is resistant to tetracycline （TE）, ampicillin （AMP）, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim （SXT）, and a recipient which is sensitive to TE, AMP, and SXT. The AR strains have been passed 20 passages. Two groups of chicken inoculated multi-AR Escherichia coli （E. coli） and multi-AR Salmonella, respectively, are mix-fed. The result shows that amino acid codons of Ser-83 and Asp-87 are mutations from gyrA and there are no mutations from parC genes in all the FR strains. resistance to TE, AM, and SXT can transfer among E. coli and the conjugal transfer frequency of TE is 3×10^-7. AR can inherit in 20 passages at least. The multi-AR E. coli and Salmonella can be isolated from all chickens three days after inoculation but CIP-resistant strains decrease during the time run out and disappear at 23 days after inoculation. The results indicate that the mutations of gene gyrA are correlative with the FR phenotype. AR genes that are not connected to the chromosome can transfer horizontally and vertically. AR bacteria can diffuse quickly and eliminate naturally from the host if the chicken is not under the pressure of this antibiotic.

关键词： antimicrobial-resistance transfer in vitro enterobacteriaccae diffusion elimination

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Pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第5期11卷 9-29页

作者： Debora Brito Goulart Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine Iowa State University Ames IA USA

The coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) group was considered saprophytic or rarely pathogenic for many years. Since the first case of septicemia caused by CoNS, there has been a progressive increase in the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections caused by CoNS. The CoNS group has emerged as one of the main causes of nosocomial infections related to vascular catheters and prostheses, especially among immunocompromised patients. This gradual increase in infections is due to the change in the relationship between patients and procedures since CoNS are closely related to devices implanted in the human body. CoNS are successful in colonizing the host because they have several virulence mechanisms, such as biofilm formation and production of enzymes and toxins, in addition to several mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobials. Despite their great clinical relevance, few studies have focused on CoNS’s pathogenicity and resistance to antimicrobials, which reveals the current need to better understand the factors by which this group became pathogenic to humans and other animals. This review aims to synthesize the aspects related to the pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance in CoNS.

关键词： Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci antimicrobial-resistance Biofilm Nosocomial Infections Pathogenesis Beta-Lactams Antibiotics Glycopeptide Antibiotics Macrolide Antibiotics Septicemia Bacteremia

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