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Phylogenetic and epidemiological characteristics of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in Shandong Province, China from 2019 to 2021

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第3期22卷 881-896页

作者： ZHAO Yi-ran ZHAO Yu-zhong LIU Si-dang XIAO Yi-hong LI Ning LIU Kui-hao MENG Fan-liang ZHAO Jun LIU Meng-da LI Bao-quan College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Agricultural University/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and PreventionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018P.R.China Division of Zoonoses Surveillance China Animal Health and Epidemiology CenterQingdao 266033P.R.China

H9N2 avian influenza virus(AIV) has widely circulated in poultry worldwide and sporadic infections in humans and mammals. During our surveillance of chicken from 2019 to 2021 in Shandong Province, China, we isolated 11 H9N2AIVs. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the eight gene segments of the 11 isolates were closely related to several sublineages of Eurasian lineage: BJ/94-like clades(HA and NA genes), G1-like clades(PB2 and M genes), and SH/F/98-like clades(PB1, PA, NP and NS genes). The isolates showed mutation sites that preferentially bind to humanlike receptors(HA) and mammalian fitness sites(PB2, PB1 and PA), as well as mutations in antigen and drug resistance sites. Moreover, studies with mice revealed four isolates with varying levels of pathogenicity. The average antibody titer of the H9N2 AIVs was 8.60 log2. Based on our results, the epidemiological surveillance of H9N2 AIVs should be strengthened.

关键词： influenza virus phylogenetic analyses mutation sites pathogenicity antibody titer epidemiological surveillance

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Disease Progression Patterns of SHIV-KB9 in Rhesus Macaques of Chinese Origin in Comparison with Indian Macaques

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2008年第4期21卷 302-307页

作者： QIANG LIU GUI-BO YANG HUI ZHAO QIANG WEI HUI XING CHUAN QIN YI-MING SHAO State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China Institute of Laboratory Animal Science Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences （CAMS） and Peking Union Medical College （PUMC） Beijing 100021 China

Objective To develop a model of SHIV-KB9/Chinese origin rhesus （Ch Rh） macaques for vaccine research and to compare the pathogenesis of SHIV-KB9 in Ch Rh macaques with that reported in Indian rhesus （Ind Rh） macaques. Methods Seven mamu-A＊01 negative Ch Rh macaques were inoculated intravenously with 1-10000 MID50 of SHIV-KB9. The monkeys were monitored for viral load, CD4, CDS, SHIV-specific antibody and virus genetic variation. The results were compared with those previously observed in Ind Rh macaques. Results As compared to that observed in Ind Rh macaques, SHIV-KB9 in Ch Rh macaques displayed three identical disease progression patterns. However, the primary pattern was not identical between the two subspecies. The level of plasma viremia differed in SHIV-KB9-infected Ch Rh macaques which exhibited different outcomes from those in Ind Rh macaques. Generally, the values of viral load and the maintenance of CD4^＋ T cells were associated with humoral responses. Otherwise, the viral genetic distances （divergence, diversity） were larger in animals （M419, M425） with their CD4^＋ T cells profoundly depleted. Conclusion The model of SHIV-KB9/Ch Rh macaques displays a relatively slow progression to AIDS compared with Ind Rh macaques, which may more accurately reflect the potential of candidate vaccines in humans.

关键词： SHIV-KB9 Rhesus macaque Subspecies Viral load CD4/CD8 ratio antibody titer Gene variation

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Enhancement of the Immune Response to Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Vaccine in Young Rabbits by Advanced Vaccination and Chinese Herbal Adjuvants

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2008年第10期7卷 1274-1280页

作者： YANG Long-sheng XUE Jia-bin HU Yuan-liang WANG Fang WANG De-yun XU Wei-zhong Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P.R.China Institute of Veterinary Medicine Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014 P.R.China

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of advanced vaccination and Chinese herbal adjuvants （CHA）, containing astragalus polysaccharides （APS） and ginsenosides （GS） on the immune response to rabbit hemorrhagic disease （RHD） vaccine in young rabbits. In experiment 1, 5 New Zealand rabbits of each group at 30, 35, 40, or 45 days of age were injected with 2 mL of inactivated RHD vaccine, respectively. The dynamic changes of antibody titers were tested by the hemagglutination inhibition （HI） method. In experiment 2, 30 New Zealand rabbits at 35 days of age were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups, representing inoculation with 3 mL of non-adjuvant RHD vaccine, CHA-RHD vaccine, CHA-HA vaccine （half dose antigen）, aluminium adjuvant-RHD vaccine, and PBS, respectively. The dynamic changes of peripheral lymphocyte proliferation and serum antibody titers were tested by the MTT method and the HI method. The results showed that the titer of maternal HI antibody in the 35-day-old rabbits was lower than the protective level of 3 log2, while on days 7 to 49 after the vaccination, the antibody titers were higher than 3 log2. The CHA promoted the lymphocyte proliferation and enhanced the serum antibody titer （P〈 0.05）. These findings from the two experiments suggested that advanced vaccination and Chinese herbal adjuvants significantly enhanced the immune response to vaccine against RHD, and effectively protected the young rabbits against RHD challenge.

关键词： rabbit hemorrhagic disease Chinese herbal adjuvants antibody titer lymphocyte proliferation

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Effect of Shuanghuanglian Propolis Oral Liquid on Immune Function of Broilers

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Animal Husbandry and Feed Science 2016年第1期8卷 29-30页

作者： Yang Limei Ma Li Guo Shijin Xu Qianqian Shen Zhiqiang Wang Yanping Zhang Ying Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy Binzhou 256600China Shandong Lvdu Ante Veterinary Drug Co. Ltd.Binzhou 256600China

The effects on immune function of broilers was studied by adding different doses of Shuanghuanglian propolis oral liquid in drinking water, to provide a theoretical basis for application and promotion of Shuanghuanglian propolis oral liquid. Ninety one-day-old broilers were randomly divided into three groups ： group I was designed as control; groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were added with 0.5 and 1.0 mL/L Shuanghuanglian propolis oral liquid in drinking water, respectively. Compared with group I, all tested indicators in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were increased at varying degrees as follows ： bursa of fabricius index increased by 5.74% （P 〈 0.05 ） and 7.66% （P 〈 0.05 ） ; thymus index increased by 1.47% （P 〉 0.05 ） and 2.06% （P 〈 0.05 ） ; spleen index increased by 5.88% （P 〉 0.05 ） and 7.84% （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; Newcastle disease virus （NDV） antibody titer increased by 11.99% （P 〈 0.05 ） and 16.94% （P 〈 0.05 ） ; IL-2 content increased by 2.71% （P 〉 0.05） and 4.52% （P 〈 0.05 ） ; IL -6 content increased by 4.04% （P 〉 0.05 ） and 7.26% （ P 〈 0.05 ）, respectively. The results showed that adding 0.5 and 1.0 mL/L Shuanghuangllan propolis oral liquid in drinking water could improve the immune function of broiler and immune effect of ND vaccine.

关键词： Shuanghuanglian propolis oral liquid Immune organ index antibody titer Cytokines Immune function

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Effect of Cocoa and Thyme Powder Alone or in Combination on Humoral Immunity and Serum Biochemical Metabolites of Broiler Chicks

Effect of Cocoa and Thyme Powder Alone or in Combination on ...

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2011 2nd International Conference on Agricultural and Animal Science（CAAS 2011）

作者： Majid Toghyani Mehdi Toghyani Mohammad Mohammadrezaei Abasali Gheisari Sayed Ali Tabeidian Gholamreza Ghalamkari Department of Animal Science Khorasgan BranchIslamic Azad University Young Researchers Club Khorasgan BranchIslamic Azad University

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of cocoa and thyme powder separately or in combination on serum biochemical parameters and humoral immune responses in broiler chicks.Two hundred and forty day-old broiler chicks（Ross 308） were randomly assigned to four treatments with four replicates of 15 chicks based on a completely randomized design.The dietary treatments included the basal diet as control,supplemented groups receiving 3 g/kg cocoa powder,5 g/kg thyme powder and 2+3 g/kg a combination of cocoa and thyme added to the basal diet.Blood samples were taken at 28 d to quantify antibody titer production against Newcastle and Influenza viruses and SRBC.Serum biochemical metabolites and leucocyte types were determined at 42 d of age.Serum total protein and globulin concentration increased significantly（p＜0.05） in birds fed diets supplemented with a combination of additives.Diet supplementation resulted in a marked reduction of serum total and HDL cholesterol compared to control group（p＜0.05）.Dietary treatments did not induce any significant impacts on antibody titer production,heterophil,lymphocyte,monocyte and eosinophil counts,albumin to globulin and heterophil to lymphocyte ratios.In conclusion application of thyme and cocoa powder,particularly their combination in broiler diets has the potential to improve serum biochemical values but failed to have favourable impact on humoral immune responses of the birds.

关键词： Broiler Thyme Cocoa Serum biochemistry antibody titer

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Monitoring Report of Maternal antibody of Broiler Avian Influenza Virus H5 Subtype Re-8 Strain

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Animal Husbandry and Feed Science 2017年第6期9卷 411-412页

作者： Lv Yanqiu Animal Disease Control Center of Changping District

[ Objective ] The paper was to prevent the occurrence of broiler avian influenza virus HS subtype Re-8 strain effectively in the breeding process of broilers. [Method] The maternal antibodies of broilers in Beijing Baochen Hongwang farm were monitored. According to the disappearance law of maternal antibody, the optimal immune time of broiler avian influenza virus H5 subtype Re-8 strain was determined. [ Result] The maternal antibody level of 2-day-old broilers was relatively high, concentrated at 6 log2 -9 log2, and the antibody positive rate was 100%. The maternal antibody level of 8-day-old broilers concentrated at 4 log2 -6 log2, and the antibody positive rate was 100%. The maternal antibody level of 17-day-old broilers concentrated at 0 log2 -3 log2 , and the antibody positive rate was 0. The average maternal antibody level of 24 - 37 days old broilers was 〈 1 log2, and the antibody positive rate was 0. [ Conclusion ] Although the av- erage maternal antibody level of 8-day-old broilers was higher than 5 log2 , 20% of chickens was 4 log2, and maternal antibody could not protect the flock completely. Therefore, the best primary immunization day age of chicks against avian influenza virus was 8 - 10 days of age.

关键词： Maternal antibody Avian influenza virus H5 subtype Re-8 strain Hemagglutination-inhibition test Monitoring antibody titer

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