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Occurrence of Typhoidal and Non-Typhoidal Salmonellae among Poultry Workers in the Southern, Nigeria

Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2019年第4期9卷 201-214页

作者： Etanguno Effiong Owowo Veronica J. Umoh Iquo Effiong Okon Department of Microbiology Akwa Ibom State University (AKSU) Mkpat Enin Nigeria Health Initiative for Stability & Safety in Africa (HIFASS) Uyo Nigeria

Typhoid fever and non-typhoidal salmonellosis remain endemic in most developing countries with large scale transmission through contaminated food and drinking water. Since the early 2000s, poultry has also been found to be a common food source for Salmonella enteritidis infections. A total of 500 blood, stool, cloaca swab and egg shell swab specimens were collected respectively from poultry, non-poultry workers and birds in Akwa Ibom State and screened for Salmonella species using standard cultural and serological techniques. The overall prevalence rate was 117 (23.4%). Salmonella species were distributed in all the three senatorial districts of the State, percentage distribution of Salmonella isolates was 42 (25%) for Uyo, 35 (20.8%) for Eket and 40 (23.8%) were isolated from Ikot Ekpene senatorial districts. Out of 372 human subjects screened 77 (20.7%) were positive and 38 (20.4%) were isolated from non-poultry workers while 39 (21.0%) were isolated from poultry Staff in the three senatorial districts. Out of 128 samples of poultry products analysed 40 (31.3%) were isolated. 23 (18%) were isolated from cloaca swabs while 17 (13.3%) were isolated from egg shell swabs. In this study, all the serological significant Typhoid fever cases were confirmed by blood culture. According to sero-grouping and source of sample collection 23.9% S. typhi was isolated from human followed by S. paratyphi A (20.5%) while S. enteritidis and S. gallinarum (19.7%). Among poultry products S. gallinarum, S. enteritidis, S, pullorum, S. paratyphi A, and S. typhimurium were isolated from bird Cloaca swab and Egg shell swab. Salmonella pullorum and S. typhi were not isolated from human and poultry respectively. High prevalence of Salmonella serovars such as S. gallinarium, S. typhi, S. Typhimurium and S. enteritidis with regular consumption of poultry and eggs without proper disinfection and appropriate boiling represent a serious public health risk in Akwa Ibom State. Demographic data obta

关键词： Poultry Salmonella Poultry Workers antibiogram

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Antimicrobial Resistance among Enterobacteriaceae Found in Chicken and Cow Droppings and Their Public Health Importance

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Advances in Microbiology 2021年第11期11卷 694-711页

作者： Chukwuebuka Chisom Anene Angus Nnamdi Oli Peter Anyigor Edeh Moses Ugochukwu Okezie James-Paul Kretchy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Agulu Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing Faculty of Biosciences Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Physician Assistantship Studies School of Medicine and Health Sciences Central University Accra Ghana

Introduction: The recent surge in the number of antimicrobial resistant cases from hospitals and communities has created a need to study the points and sources of exposure to certain bacteria and determine their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics. This study aimed at identifying and screening for drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from chicken droppings and cow dungs in Onitsha, Anambra state, in the South-Eastern part of Nigeria. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study which included 50 chickens and 50 cow dung samples collected from five poultry houses and cow ranches respectively using sterile swab sticks. The samples were transported to the laboratory and processed following standard microbiological protocols. Isolates in the samples were recovered using MacConkey Agar, Eosin Methylene Blue Agar and Salmonella-Shigella Agar following standard microbiological procedures and then identified/characterized biochemically using commercial API 20E identification kits following the standard manufacturer’s protocol. Isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing on Muller Hinton Agar using Kirby Bauer double-disc diffusion technique. The multiple antibiotics resistance index was determined as well. Isolates with reduced susceptibility to Ceftazidime were screened for extended spectrum beta-lactamase, AmpC- and metallo-beta-lactamase-production using Rosco Diagnostic kit. Results: Sixty-two (100%) Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from a total of 100 samples collected from both sites, out of which 43 (69.4%) are Enterobacteriaceae. A total of 30/43 (69.8%) Enterobacteriaceae including K. pneumoniae, S. enteritica, S. odorifera, E. coli, K. intermediate, P. stuartii, E. aerogenes, P. penneri, P. mirabilis and C. braakii were recovered from chicken droppings, whereas 13/43 (30.2%) Enterobacteriaceae including K. pneumoniae, S. enteritica, S. odorifera, E. coli, K. intermediate, P. stuartii, E.

关键词： antibiogram Antibiotic Resistance Enterobacteriaceae One Health Nigeria

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A Retrospective Cross Sectional Study of Blood Culture Results in a Tertiary Hospital, Ekiti, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2015年第4期5卷 202-208页

作者： Iheanacho Nwadioha Michael Simidele Odimayo John Omotayo Adebola Olu Taiwo Enoch Olabiyi Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Department College of Health Sciences Benue State University Makurdi Nigeria Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Department College of Medicine Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti Nigeria Histopathology Department College of Medicine Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti Nigeria Haematology and Blood Transfusion Department Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital Ado Ekiti Nigeria

The current study was conducted to determine the epidemiology and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacteria isolated from blood of septicemic patients for improved antibiotic therapy. A three-year descriptive study was done at Microbiology Laboratory, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, from April 2012 to April 2015. Information compiled from patients’ records includes age, sex, isolated organisms and antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Three hundred and thirteen blood cultures were collected from neonatology and pediatrics wards, Out Patients’ Department (OPD) and from other adult patients. Forty one culture plates yielded mono microbial growth (no polymicrobial growth), giving an incidence of 13.1% positive blood culture (N = 41/313). There were 58.4% Gram negative bacilli and 41.6% Gram positive cocci in the microbial growth. Bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus 34% (14/41), Klebsiella species 22% (9/41), Enterococci 17% (7/41), Proteus species 12% (5/41), Escherichia coli 7% (3/41) and Streptococcal pneumoniae 7% (3/41). There was a (35%) higher occurrence of septicemia in neonates than in any other age groups in the hospital. Bacterial sensitivity to 13 antibiotic agents was determined by antibiotics disc diffusion using modified Kirby Bauer’s method. Gram-positive organisms showed a higher antibiotic sensitivity ranging from 14% - 100% than the Gram-negative bacteria (11% - 80%). Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella species are the most prevalent organisms. The third generation Cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone) and Floroquinolone (Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin) have proved reliable for management of these blood infections.

关键词： Blood Cultures Septicemia antibiogram Nigeria

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Urinary Tract Infections Identified in the Preoperative and Their Sensitivities to Antibiotics

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Open Journal of Urology 2018年第5期8卷 171-176页

作者： Amadou Kassogué Fadima Tall Daouda Diallo Drissa Cissé Zanafon Ouattara Department of Urology University Hospital of Pr Bocar Sidy Sall Kati Mali Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care University Hospital of Pr Bocar Sidy Sall Kati Mali Department of Urology University Hospital of Gabriel Toure Bamako Mali

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is a public health problem. Patients who have to undergo urology surgery are exposed to infectious complications if there is an untreated urinary tract infection. The objective of our study is to identify all the germs responsible for urinary tract infections discovered in the preoperative assessment of hospitalized patients with their susceptibility and antibiotic resistance profiles. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study of 124 cases of cytobacteriological examination of urine collected over 2 years from January 1st, 2016 to December 31st, 2017, performed in the urology department of the University Hospital of Bocar S. Sall of Kati. The parameters studied were: age, sex, reason for admission, the diagnosis chosen, the result of the cytobacteriological examination of urine and the antibiogram. Results: We collected 124 cases of cytobacteriological examination of urine during this period. The average age of our patients was 58 years old with extremes ranging from 3 years to 84 years. The sex ratio was 6 in favor of men. 86 patients, or 69%, were admitted for micturition disorders. In 53.2%, the diagnosis was BPH followed by urolithiasis 22.6%. Cytobacteriological examination of urine identified 55 cases of urinary infection, 44%. In 34 cases or 60%, the germ responsible was an E. coli. Two germs were sensitive only to one antibiotic. Conclusion: This study made it possible to have an idea about the antibiotic susceptibility of germs involved in urinary tract infections. Awareness-raising for the proper use of antibiotics needs to be strengthened to minimize the risk of increasing antibiotic resistance.

关键词： Urinary Infection ECBU antibiogram Antibiotics

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Antimicrobial Resistance and Plasmid Profiles of <i>Salmonella enterica</i>Serovars from Different Sources in Lagos, Nigeria

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Health 2018年第6期10卷 758-772页

作者： K. O. Akinyemi S. O. Ajoseh B. A. Iwalokun A. O. B. Oyefolu C. O. Fakorede R. O. Abegunrin O. Adunmo Department of Microbiology Lagos State University Ojo Lagos Nigeria Biochemistry Unit and Malaria Research Laboratory Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Nigeria

Introduction: Salmonella enterica Serovars remains one of the leading pathogens that cause diarrhoea and bloodstream infections in developing countries. The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella has become a serious problem globally. This study investigated the antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiles of Salmonella isolates from different sources. Methods: Seventy-three samples comprised of clinical (30), hand swab (15), food (10) and water (18) were analyzed bacteriologically. Salmonella isolates were identified and characterized by standard procedures. Isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and were further screened for plasmid DNA by standard methods. Results: A total of 27 Salmonella isolates made up of 5 (18.5%) S. typhi, 6 (22.2%) S. enteritidis, 9 (33.3) S. typhimurium, 5 (18.5%) S. cholerasuis, and 1 (3.7%) each of *** and S. vichow were obtained in this study. All the isolates developed resistance to three or more antibiotics evaluated. Four distinct resistance profiles: TetAmpCol, TetAmpColCot, TetAmpColCip and TetAmpColCotCip were recorded with 63% of the isolates exhibiting resistance profile TetAmpColCot. Specifically 23 of 27 (85.2%) of the isolates harboured plasmid DNA comprised of 12 distinct plasmid profiles of different sizes ranging from 3.2 kb to 30.2kb. Salmonella isolates of the same species from different sources differed in plasmid profile. Plasmid profile was found to show good discriminatory capability compared to antibiotics resistance profile. Conclusion: This study revealed that both resistance antibiogram and plasmid profile are still viable epidemiological tools for tracing the source of Salmonella isolates. A need for prudent use of antibiotics is suggested.

关键词： Salmonella Resistant antibiogram Plasmid Epidemiology Disease

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Quality Assessment of Surface and Drinking Water of Nakla Paurosova, Sherpur, Bangladesh

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Advances in Microbiology 2019年第8期9卷 703-727页

作者： Sourav Sarker Shahin Mahmud Razia Sultana Ritu Biswas Partha Protim Sarkar Md. Abul Munayem Nur-E-Alam Md. Rayhan Ali Muhammad Wasim Md. Firoz Ali Md. Omar Faruque Fatematuz Zuhura Evamoni Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Tangail Bangladesh Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University Gopalganj Bangladesh Department of Biotechnology Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh

Water is one of the most vital elements of ecosystem and human being, but unfortunately nowadays, the pollution of surface and drinking water is an alarming problem. The present work deals with the assessment of physicochemical and bacteriological profile of several pond, jar and tube-well water samples to ensure its suitability for using and drinking. Total 30 samples were randomly selected and collected from Nakla Paurosova of Sherpur district by following the standard procedure. Bacteriological analysis was carried out by following the standard bacteriological methods. Most of the surface water sampling points were polluted by dumping of waste, cattle wash and were not suitable for drinking or other domestic purposes. Among three heavy metals, only Iron was detected in six tube-well water samples, one was also positive to arsenic, rest of the water bodies were negative to all of these metals. In case of most of the water bodies, different physicochemical properties were below standard limit. In pond water, the Total Viable Count (TVC) ranged from 2.7 × 107 cfu/100ml to 4.4 × 1015 cfu/100ml and Total Coliform Count (TCC) were 3.4 × 105 cfu/100ml to 4.8 × 1013 cfu/100ml, where the mean concentration of Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC) was 2.4 × 105 cfu/100ml and 1.8 × 105 cfu/100ml in jar and tube-well water respectively. On the other hand, the Total Coliform Count of supply water was 33 cfu/100ml and tube-well water was 14 cfu/100ml. Fecal coliform was detected in all of the pond water samples, four jar and three tube-well water too. E. coli was present in all pond water samples, and also detected in 80% supply and 50% tube-well water also. Shigella spp. was found in two pond water and in one supply water, where tube-well water was free from it. Salmonella spp. was also detected in 30% of pond and 20% of supply water, whereas absent in tube-well water. 50% of pond, 40% of supply and 30% of tube-well water were contaminated with Vibrio spp. The total counts of these

关键词： Physiochemical Parameters Bacterial Load antibiogram Public Health Nakla Paurosova

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Plasmid profiling and antibiotics resisitance of Escherichia coli strains isolated from Mytilus galloprovincialis and seawater

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2014年第9期 689-693页

作者： Cumhur Avşar İsmet Berber Department of Biology Faculty of Science and ArtsSinop UniversitySinop57000Turkey

Objective:To investigate plasmid DNA profiles and the antibiotic resistance of a total of 41 strains of Escherichia coli(***)isolated from seawater and mussel collected from 15 different sampling stations in Sinop,***:Most probable number technique was used for detection of *** susceptibilities of the isolates were determined by the disc diffusion *** DNA of the strains was extracted by the alkaline lyses ***:According to morphological and physiological properties,it was determined that the isolates belonged to *** *** susceptibility of the strains was determined against seven standard drugs using disc diffusion *** isolates were resistant to bacitracin(100%),novobiocin(100%),ampicillin(12.5%),tetracycline(7.5%),ceftazidime(5%)and imipenem(2.5%),respectively,whereas the strains were susceptible to polymyxin B(100%).The multiple antibiotic resistance values for the strains were found in range from 0.28 to *** addition,plasmid DNA analyses results confirmed that 22 strains harbored a single or more than two plasmids sized approximately between 24.500 to 1.618 *** high-size plasmid(14.700 bp)was observed as common in 21 of all ***:As a result,our study indicated that the presence of antibiotic resistant *** strains in seawater and mussel might be potential risk for public health issue.

关键词： Escherichia coli antibiogram Plasmid Mytilus galloprovincialis Seawater

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ClinicalandExperimentalStudyonTreatmentofAcuteRespiratoryTractInfectionwithShuanghuanglianAerosol（双黄连气雾剂）

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 1996年第3期2卷 162-165页

作者：王跃红徐凯建吕福贞胡孟英哲增科高峰张晶伟何晓莲洪凤阳

Two hundred and two cases of acute respiratory tract infection ( ARI) were treated withShuanghuanglian (SHL) aerosol. In these cases, the majority were virus infection and 64% of them wascaused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) . The virostatic and bacteriostatic test were done in vitro bythe cell culture method and it was shown that SHL could inhibit the RSV, para-influenza virus I - IV and 23kinds of pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus etc. The bacteriostatic effect was positively cor-related to the SHL concentration. Experimental study showed that SHL could enhance the NK cell activity,promote the production of a-interferon and raise the rate of lymphocyte transformation. The controlled obser-vation on SHL preparation with various dosage-forms revealed that the SHL aerosol in treating early ARlshowed better results than that of injections and oral liquid symptomatologically ( P < 0 . 05 ) . The total effec-tive rate was 96% .

关键词： Shuanghuanglian aerosol acute respiratory infection virus inhibition antibiogram

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Surveillance of Vibrio spp in Penaeus monodon Collected from Shrimp Pond of Satkhira, Bangladesh

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Journal of Zoological Research 2020年第3期2卷 1-8页

作者： Abdullah-Al-Amin Shahena Aktar Shipa MNiamul Naser MdFaruque Miah Zoology Fisheries and Marine Biotechnology Research UnitDepartment of Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhet-3114Bangladesh Department of Zoology University of DhakaBangladesh

Vibrio is the most common genera associated with crustaceans and often causing significant economic *** Vibrio species are pathogenic to human and have been implicated in food borne *** present study was conducted to identify Vibrio *** the tiger shrimp(Penaeus monodon)of shrimp pond at Satkhira,Bangladesh.A total number of 33 Vibrio species isolates were identified from 20 shrimp samples through a series of morphological,physiological and biochemical *** work reports the prevalence of Vibrio *** the pond environments and the existence of three Vibrio species such as ***,*** and *** were *** the study of antibiogram,all isolates were shown 100%sensitive to streptomycin,ciprofloxacin and *** 41%isolates were shown resistant to co-trimethaxozole whereas 30%and 24%resistant to azithromycin and novobiocin respectively.

关键词： Tiger shrimp Morphological Physiological Biochemical antibiogram

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