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NITROGEN BUDGETS OF YOUNG GRASS CARP FED ON PLANT OR animal dietS

Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 1991年第5期 466-469页

作者：崔奕波王少梅刘肖芳陈少莲 Academia Sinica Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Laboratory Institute of Hydrobiology PRC Wuhan 430072

Ⅰ.INTRODUCTIONGrass carp is an important cultured fish in *** has been controversy onwhether the grass carp is a real herbivorous fish and can grow well on plant diets *** researchers argued that grass carp has very low growth rates when feeding on plantdiets only,and that this species is an omnivorous fish whose optimal diet should mclude alarger proportion of animal *** reports showed that even very small-sized grasscarp could achieve high growth rates when fed with appropriate macrophytes.

关键词： nitrogen budget animal diet plant diet Ctenopharyngodon idella

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Foodweb Trophic Level and diet Inference Using an Extended Bayesian Stable Isotope Mixing Model

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Open Journal of Ecology 2022年第6期12卷 333-359页

作者： Erik Barry Erhardt Rachel Marie Wilson Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA Department of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA

You are what you eat (diet) and where you eat (trophic level) in the food web. The relative abundance of pairs of stable isotopes of the organic elements carbon (e.g., the isotope ratio of 13C vs 12C), nitrogen, and sulfur, among others, in the tissues of a consumer reflects a weighted-average of the isotope ratios in the sources it consumes, after some corrections for the processes of digestion and assimilation. We extended a Bayesian mixing model to infer trophic positions of consumer organisms in a food web in addition to the degree to which distinct resource pools (diet sources) support consumers. The novel features in this work include: 1) trophic level estimation (vertical position in foodweb) and 2) the Bayesian exposition of a biologically realistic model [1] including stable isotope ratios and concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, isotopic fractionations, elemental assimilation efficiencies, as well as extensive use of prior information. We discuss issues of parameter identifiability in the complex and most realistic model. We apply our model to simulated data and to bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) feeding on several numerically abundant fish species, which in turn feed on other fish and primary producing plants and algae present in St. George Sound, FL, USA. Finally, we discuss extensions from other work that apply to this model and three important general ecological applications. Online supplementary materials include data, OpenBUGS scripts, and simulation details.

关键词： Stable Isotope animal Ecology Trophic Level animal diet Informative Priors

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