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anaplastic thyroid cancer: Unveiling advances in diagnosis andmanagement

World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第7期15卷 786-789页

作者： Treshita Dey Budhi Singh Yadav Department of Radiotherapy&Oncology Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education&ResearchChandigarh 160012India

The review article by Pavlidis et al published in World J Clin Oncol provides a meticulous analysis of the intricacies surrounding anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid.thyroid carcinoma encompasses a spectrum of diseases,each charac-terized by distinct behaviors and outcomes.Diagnostic approaches encompass a diverse array of tools.Surgery remains the pivotal treatment for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.Radiotherapy and chemotherapy offer the best overall sur-vival in aggressive disease.Combinations of immunotherapy with targeted the-rapies,such as dabrafenib-trametinib,demonstrate potential for enhanced effect-iveness and improved survival outcomes.Multifaceted approach fuelled by precision medicine and interdisciplinary collaboration is imperative in charting a course toward improved outcomes in this formidable malignancy.

关键词： anaplastic thyroid cancer Surgery Radiotherapy Chemotherapy Targeted therapy Immunotherapy

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Targeting transcriptional regulators for treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer

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Journal of cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2021年第1期7卷 381-398页

作者： Woo Kyung Lee Sheue-Yann Cheng Laboratory of Molecular Biology Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA

Dysregulation of genes perpetuates cancer progression.During carcinogenesis,cancer cells acquire dependency of aberrant transcriptional programs(known as“transcription addiction”)to meet the high demands for uncontrolled proliferation.The needs for particular transcription programs for cancer growth could be cancer-type-selective.The dependencies of certain transcription regulators could be exploited for therapeutic benefits.anaplastic thyroid cancer(ATC)is an extremely aggressive human cancer for which new treatment modalities are urgently needed.Its resistance to conventional treatments and the lack of therapeutic options for improving survival might have been attributed to extensive genetic heterogeneity due to subsequent evolving genetic alterations and clonal selections during carcinogenesis.Despite this genetic complexity,mounting evidence has revealed a characteristic transcriptional addiction of ATC cells resulting in evolving diverse oncogenic signaling for cancer cell survival.The transcriptional addiction has presented a huge challenge for effective targeting as shown by the failure of previous targeted therapies.However,an emerging notion is that many different oncogenic signaling pathways activated by multiple upstream driver mutations might ultimately converge on the transcriptional responses,which would provide an opportunity to target transcriptional regulators for treatment of ATC.Here,we review the current understanding of how genetic alterations in cancer distorted the transcription program,leading to acquisition of transcriptional addiction.We also highlight recent findings from studies aiming to exploit the opportunity for targeting transcription regulators as potential therapeutics for ATC.

关键词： Transcriptional addiction transcription oncogene addiction cancer stem cell thyroid hormone receptors steroid receptor coactivators BET inhibitor anaplastic thyroid cancer

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Pattern of thyroid cancer at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah: A 10-Year Retrospective Study

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2016年第3期6卷 121-125页

作者： Amani Alhozali Aisha Al-Ghamdi Jawaher Alahmadi Department of Medicine King Abdulaziz University Hospital Jeddah Saudi Arabia

Background and objective: thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. This report aims to describe the pattern of thyroid cancer presentations at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah. Methods: This was a retrospect chart review of all thyroid cancer cases diagnosed between 2001 and 2010 at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah. We documented patients’ demographic and clinical data, including age at diagnosis, tumor type and size, extrathyroidal extension, and metastasis. Results: A total of 114 thyroid cancer cases were diagnosed from 2001 through 2010. Females comprise the majority of cases (female to male ratio of 4:1). The mean ages of patients diagnosed with different thyroid cancers were: papillary thyroid cancer, 39.6 years;follicular thyroid cancer, 43.2 years;medullary thyroid cancer, 55.8 years;and anaplastic thyroid cancer, 46.0 years. Papillary thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 88 cases (77%), follicular thyroid cancer in 19 cases (17%), medullary thyroid cancer in 5 cases (4%), and anaplastic thyroid cancer in 2 cases (2%). Conclusion: thyroid cancers are more common among females. The disease is diagnosed at a relatively young age among our patients (40 years). Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common type of thyroid cancer.

关键词： anaplastic thyroid cancer Follicular thyroid cancer Medullary thyroid cancer Papillary thyroid cancer Endocrine Malignancy

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REGγ Ablation Impedes Dedifferentiation of anaplastic thyroid Carcinoma and Accentuates Radio-therapeutic Response by regulating Smad7-TGF-β pathway

REGγ Ablation Impedes Dedifferentiation of Anaplastic Thyro...

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中国生物化学与分子生物学会2019年全国学术会议暨学会...

作者： Chan Jiao Lin Li Jianru Xiao Lei Li Yongyan Dang Xiaotao Li Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Department of Orthopedic Oncology Changzheng Hospital The Second Military Medical University Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Dan L.Duncan Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine

anaplastic thyroid cancer(ATC) is the most aggressive human thyroid malignancy, characterized by dedifferentiation and resistance to radioiodine therapy. The underlying mechanisms regulating ATC dedifferentiation are largely unknown. Here, we show that REGγ, a non-canonical proteasome activator highly expressed in ATC, is an important regulator of differentiation in ATC cells. Ablation of REGγ significantly restored expression of thyroid specific genes, enhanced iodine uptake, and improved the efficacy of 131 I therapy in ATC xenograft models. Mechanistically, REGγ directly binds to the TGF-β signaling antagonist Smad7 and promotes its degradation, leading to the activation of TGF-β signal pathway. With gain-and loss-offunction studies, we demonstrate that Smad7 is an important mediator for the REGγ function in ATC cell dedifferentiation and metastasis, which is supported by expression profiles in human ATC tissues. It seems that REGγ impinges on repression of thyroid-specific genes and promotion of tumor malignancy in ATC cells by activating TGF-β signal pathway via degradation of Smad7. Thus, REGγ may serve as a novel therapeutic target for allowing radioiodine therapy in anaplastic thyroid cancer patients with poor prognosis.

关键词： REGγ anaplastic thyroid cancer NIS radioiodine therapy TGF-β Smad7

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