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Appropriate Supply of ammonium Nitrogen and ammonium nitrate Reduces Cadmium Content in Rice Seedlings by Inhibiting Cadmium Uptake and Transport

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Rice science 2024年第5期31卷 587-602,I0062-I0064页

作者： HU Yunchao YAN Tiancai GAO Zhenyu WANG Tiankang LU Xueli YANG Long SHEN Lan ZHANG Qiang HU Jiang REN Deyong ZHANG Guangheng ZHU Li LI Li ZENG Dali QIAN Qian LI Qing State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding China National Rice Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou 311401China State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Hunan Hybrid Rice Research CenterHunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangsha 410125China The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province College of Advanced Agricultural SciencesZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China

Reasonable nitrogen(N) application is a promising strategy for reducing crop cadmium(Cd) toxicity. However, the specific form of N and the required amount that affect Cd tolerance and accumulation in rice remain unclear. This study explored the influence of different N-fertilizer forms(NH_(4)NO_(3), NH_4Cl, and KNO_(3)) and dosages on Cd tolerance and uptake in Cd-stressed N-sensitive and N-insensitive indica rice accessions. The results indicated that the Cd tolerance of N-sensitive indica accessions is more robust than that of N-insensitive ones. Furthermore, the shoot Cd content and Cd translocation rate in both N-sensitive and N-insensitive indica accessions decreased with an appropriate supply of NH_(4)NO_(3) and NH_4Cl, whereas they were comparable or slightly increased with increased KNO_(3). Unfortunately, we did not find significant and regular differences in Cd accumulation or translocation between N-sensitive and N-insensitive rice accessions. Consistent with the reduction of shoot Cd content, the addition of NH_(4)NO_(3) and NH_4Cl also inhibited the instantaneous root Cd^(2+) uptake. The expression changes of Cd transport-related genes under different N forms and dosages suggested that the decreased shoot Cd content, caused by the increased supply of NH_(4)NO_(3) and NH_4Cl, is likely achieved by reducing the transcription of OsNRAMP1 and OsIRT1. In summary, our findings reveal that an appropriate supply of NH_(4)NO_(3) and NH_4Cl could reduce Cd uptake and transport in rice seedlings, suggesting that rational N management could reduce the Cd risk in rice production.

关键词： Oryza sativa cadmium nitrogen ammonium nitrate ammonium chloride

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Preparation of ammonium nitrate-based solid composite propellants supplemented with polyurethane/nitrocellulose blends binder and their thermal decomposition behavior

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第11期18卷 2023-2033页

作者： Sabri Touidjine Moulai Karim Boulkadid Djalal Trache Samir Belkhiri Abderrahmane Mezroua Mohamed Islam Aleg Afaf Belkebiche Energetic Propulsion Laboratory Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic ProcessesEcole Militaire PolytechniqueBP 17Bordj-El-Bahri16046AlgiersAlgeria Energetic Materials Laboratory Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic ProcessesEcole Militaire PolytechniqueBP 17Bordj-El-Bahri16046AlgiersAlgeria

To improve the performance of solid composite propellants(SCPs)supplemented with ammonium nitrate(AN)as an oxidizer,the incorporation of energetic ingredients such as explosives,energetic binders or catalysts is a common effective *** this purpose,polyurethane(PU),a typical inert binder,was mixed with nitrocellulose(NC)as an energetic *** composite solid propellant compositions based on AN and NC-modified polyurethane binder with different NC ratios were *** prepared formulations were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),RAMAN spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction(XRD),electron densimetry,thermogravimetric(TG)analysis,and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).A kinetic study was then performed using the iterative KissingerAkahira-Sunose(It-KAS),Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(It-FWO),and non-linear Vyazovkin integral with compensation effect(VYA/CE)*** theoretical performances,such as theoretical specific impulse,adiabatic flame temperature,and ideal exhaust gaseous species,were also determined using the NASA Lewis Code,Chemical Equilibrium with Application(CEA).Spectroscopic examinations revealed the existence of NC and full polymerization of PU in the prepared *** to density tests,the density of the propellant increases as the nitrocellulose component *** to the thermal analysis and kinetics study,the increase in NC content catalyzed the thermal decomposition of the AN-based composite solid *** on the theoretical study,increasing the amount of NC in the propellant increased the specific impulse and,as a result,the overall performance.

关键词： Composite propellants Polyurethane Nitrocellulose ammonium nitrate Decomposition kinetics Thermal decomposition

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A Mild Procedure for the Preparation of o-Nitrophenols by Nitro Urea or ammonium nitrate in the Presence of Silica Sulfuric Acid （SiO2-OSO3H）

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2011年第4期29卷 731-734页

作者： Ghorbani-Choghamarani,Arash Nikoorazm,Mohsen Goudarziafshar.Hamid Naserifar,Zahra Zamani,Parisa Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science llam University P.O. Box 69315516 llam lran

A mixture of ammonium nitrate or nitro urea and silica sulfuric acid was found to be efficient and environmentally friendly nitrating media for the preparation of orto-nitro phenols in dichloromethane at room temperat... 详细信息

关键词： nitration phenol nitro urea ammonium nitrate silica sulfuric acid

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SILARS： An Effective Stable Isotope Labeling with ammonium nitrate-15N in Rice Seedlings for Quantitative Proteomic Analysis

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Molecular Plant 2014年第11期7卷 1697-1700页

作者： Shi-Xiang Yao YuZhang Yu-Ling Chen Hai-Teng Deng Jin-Yuan Liu Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology Centre for Plant Biology School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Dear Editor, In recent years, the proteomics field has been trans- formed from charting static proteomes to examining their dynamics by simultaneously quantifying multiple proteins from different experimental samples. Accurate quantifica- tion of differences in protein expression levels is essential for comparative proteomics and is becoming an integral and important part of modern experimental biological science （Simicevic et al., 2013）. Advanced mass spectrom- etry （MS） provides a powerful means for achieving quan- titative proteomics data.

关键词： ISOTOPES ammonium nitrate RICE

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A numerical simulation of kinetic constraint on evaporation of ammonium nitrate in diffusion denuder

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1998年第1期10卷 115-123页

作者： Shen Ji Research Center for Eco Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China

A numerical simulation model has been developed to investigate the diffusion and reaction in diffusion denuder for reactive gases and aerosols. The analytical equation for equilibrium and kinetic equations of NH 4NO 3, NH 3 and HNO 3 system were presented. The model results of sampling efficiencies were agree with those calculated by Gormley Kennedy equation and other models. The evaporation of NH 4NO 3 aerosol has a kinetic constraint. The kinetic constant can be estimated from evaporation data. The model results showed that an annular denuder can separate reactive gases and aerosols.

关键词： kinetic constraint ammonium nitrate diffusion denuder.

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Efficiency and Effectiveness Thermal Analysis of the Shell and Helical Coil Tube Heat Exchanger Used in an Aqueous Solution of ammonium nitrate Solubility (ANSOL) with 20% H2O and 80% AN

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2021年第6期9卷 24-45页

作者： Élcio Nogueira Department of Mechanics and Energy (DEM) State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Resende Brazil

The case study is about obtaining the flow rate and saturation temperature of steam that makes it possible to heat a solution of water and ammonia nitrate (ANSOL) in a shell and helical coil tube heat exchanger, within a time interval, without that the crystallization of the ANSOL solution occurs. The desired production per batch of the solution is 5750 kg in 80 minutes. The analysis uses the concepts of efficiency and effectiveness to determine the heat transfer rate and temperature profiles that satisfy the imposed condition within a certain degree of safety and with the lowest possible cost in steam generation. Intermediate quantities necessary to reach the objective are the Reynolds number, Nusselt number, and global heat transfer coefficient for the shell and helical coil tube heat exchanger. Initially, the water is heated for a specified period and, subsequently, the ammonium nitrate is added to a given flow in a fixed mass flow rate.

关键词： Thermal Efficiency Thermal Effectiveness Shell and Helical Coil Tube Heat Exchanger ammonium nitrate

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The Study and Application of Physical Microstructure on ammonium nitrate Prill

The Study and Application of Physical Microstructure on Ammo...

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2003年国际推进剂、炸药、烟火技术秋季研讨会

作者： ZHU Enyi, XIE Gaodi, AN Dian, YIN Zhinan, REN Ling & QIANG Yonggang (State Key Laboratory of Safety and Reliability for Initiators & Pyrotechnics, Shaanxi Applied Physics-Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi, China)

The physical microstructure of ammonium nitrate(AN) prill was studied with SEM. The form ,size and distribution of Microbubble in AN prill influence the initiation sensitivity, detonation velocity and brisance of AN fuel oil explosive(ANFO). Because the microstructure are determined by the technology and process of AN prill. So we can observe and study the manufacturing technology parameters of AN prill by using the SEM picture and the quality can be controlled. ammonium nitrate produced by the different technology of different factories can be identified through this method, so that some valuable information can be provided for anti-terrorism criminal cases.

关键词： ammonium nitrate microstructure anti-terrorism industnal explosive

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Adsorption-desorption behavior of acetochlor to soils in the presence of some environmental substances

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2002年第2期14卷 269-276页

作者： YE Chang ming, LEI Zhi fang (Research Center for Eco Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 Chin

The behavior of herbicide acetochlor adsorption desorption to soil in the presence of humic acid (HA), anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HDAB) and NH 4NO 3 as a chemical fertilizer was studied. Observed acetochlor adsorption isotherm were well described using Freundlich isotherm equation, from which the desorption isotherm equation has been deduced. The deduced equation can more directly describe acetochlor desorption process. The results showed that the enhance of acetochlor adsorption capacity by solid HA was greater than by soluble HA. The presence of NH 4NO 3 can slightly enhance acetochlor adsorption to soil by comparison with that measured in NH 4NO 3 free solution. In soil water system, surfactant acetochlor interaction is very complex, and the surfactant adsorptions as well as acetochlor adsorption need to be considered. When acetochlor soil suspensions contained lower concentration SDBS or HDAB (40 mg/L), K f for acetochlor adsorption was decreased in comparison to that measured in SDBS or HDAB free solution. When acetochlor soil suspensions contained higher concentration SDBS or HDAB (corresponding 1400 mg/L or 200 mg/L), K f for acetochlor adsorption was increased in comparison to that measured in SDBS or HDAB free solution.

关键词： adsorption desorption acetochlor humic acid surfactants ammonium nitrate soil

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Optimizing Nitrogen Use Efficiency for No-Till Corn Production by Improving Root Growth and Capturing NO_(3)-N in Subsoil

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Pedosphere 2016年第4期26卷 474-485页

作者： Eduardo F. CAIRES Renato ZARDO FILHO Gabriel BARTH Helio A. W. JORIS Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering State University of Ponta Grossa Ponta Grossa 84030-900 Green Circle Growers 51051 US FIighway 20 Oberlin OH 44074 ABC Foundation Research and Agricultural Development Castro 84165-700

Subsoil acidity restricts root growth and reduces crop yields in many parts of the world. More than half of the fertilizer nitrogen(N) applied in crop production is currently lost to the environment. This study aimed to investigate the effect of gypsum application on the efficiency of N fertilizer in no-till corn(Zea mays L.) production in southern Brazil. A field experiment examined the effects of surface-applied gypsum(0, 5, 10, and 15 Mg ha^(-1)) and top-dressed ammonium nitrate(NH_4NO_3)(60, 120, and 180 kg N ha^(-1)) on corn root length, N uptake, and grain yield. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using undisturbed soil columns collected from the field experiment site to evaluate NO_3-N leaching, N uptake, and root length with surface-applied gypsum(0 and 10 Mg ha^(-1)) and top-dressed NH_4NO_3(0 and 180 kg N ha^(-1)). Amelioration of subsoil acidity due to gypsum application increased corn root growth,N uptake, grain yield, and N use efficiency. Applying gypsum to the soil surface increased corn grain yield by 19%–38% and partial factor productivity of N(PFPN) by 27%–38%, depending on the N application rate. Results of the undisturbed soil column greenhouse experiment showed that improvement of N use efficiency by gypsum application was due to the higher N uptake from NO_3-N in the subsoil as a result of increased corn root length. Our results suggest that ameliorating subsoil acidity with gypsum in a no-till corn system could increase N use efficiency, improve grain yield, and reduce environmental risks due to NO_3-N leaching.

关键词： ammonium nitrate grain yield N uptake nitrate leaching partial factor productivity of nitrogen soil acidity

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Response of seed tocopherols in oilseed rape to nitrogen fertilizer sources and application rates

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2014年第2期15卷 181-193页

作者： Nazim HUSSAIN Hui LI Yu-xiao JIANG Zahra JABEEN Imran Haider SHAMSI Essa ALI Li-xi JIANG Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources of Zhejiang Province College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang University

Tocopherols （Tocs） are vital scavengers of reactive oxygen species （ROS） and important seed oil quality indicators. Nitrogen （N） is one of the most important fertilizers in promoting biomass and grain yield in crop production. However, the effect of different sources and application rates of N on seed Toc contents in oilseed rape is poorly understood. In this study, pot trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of two sources of N fertilizer （urea and ammonium nitrate）. Each source was applied to five oilseed rape genotypes （Zheshuang 72, Jiu-Er-1358, Zheshuang 758, Shiralee, and Pakola） at three different application rates （0.41 g/pot （N1）, 0.81 g/pot （N2）, and 1.20 g/pot （N3））. Results indicated that urea increased α-, y-, and total Toc （T-Toc） more than did ammonium nitrate. N3 was proven as the most efficient application rate, which yielded high contents of y-Toc and T-Toc. Highly significant correlations were observed between Toc isomers, T-Toc, and α-/y-Toc ratio. These results clearly demonstrate that N sources and application rates significantly affect seed Toc contents in oilseed rape.

关键词： Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) Nitrogen rate Urea ammonium nitrate Tocopherol

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