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Measurement of ammonia emission Following Surface Application of Urea Fertilizer from Irrigated Paddy Rice Fields

Agricultural Sciences in China 2005年第4期4卷 288-293页

作者： Md.ToufiqIqbal TIANGuang-ming LIANGXin-qiang FatimaRukshana DepartmentofAgronomyandAgriculturalExtension UniversityofRajshahiRajshahi-6205Bangladesh DepartmentofAgriculturalEnvironmentProtection ZhejiangUniversityHangzhou310029P.R.China RiverResearchInstitute FaridpurBangladesh

ammonia emission is one of the most important pathways of nitrogen loss from agricultural cultivated field. In this paper, we report the measurement of ammonia emission from paddy rice field obtained by surface application of urea fertilizer with water management. The main objective of the present study were to assess the amount of NH3 emission and the loss of nitrogen from paddy field as affected by various N doses, i.e., 0 (control), 90 (N1), 180 (N2), 270 (N3) and 360 (N4) kg ha-1, following field surface application of urea fertilizer with water management. ammonia emissions were measured by continuous airflow enclosure method from plots fertilized with the application of surface urea. Increase in urea-N dosage increased NH3 emission that was measured from paddy rice field. ammonia emission started immediately and was almost complete within 12 days after top dressing of urea application to the soils. ammonia emissions were nearly constant in all treatments from 12 days after fertilizer application. Highest ammonia emission rate was 28 g /day and total amount of ammonia emission was 56.21 kg ha-1 for 360 kg N ha-1 dose. No remarkable observation was found about temperature for ammonia emission. Due to proper water management practices less emission was observed throughout the experiment period. The results also show that N loss through NH3 emission accounted for 11 to 16% during the rice- growing season. These magnitudes of loss of N appear to be most important for environmental point of view.

关键词： ammonia emission Surface application Urea Paddy field Nitrogen loss

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Effects of Biochar on Substrate Degradation and ammonia emission during Aerobic Composting of Chicken Manure

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2018年第3期19卷 58-66页

作者： HE Yuan-ling XING Ze-bing WU Xiao-dong School of Engineering Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaigu 030801PRC The Centre of Experimental Education Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaigu 030801PRC

In this study, chicken manure and Caragana korshinskii Kom powder were used as the main raw materials with different amounts of biochar added to test four aerobic composting treatment groups A, B, C and D with laboratory composting fermenters and testing apparatus, and new insight into biochar’s nitrogen conservation mechanism was gotten, based on the experimental data and related exploration such as the physical and chemical properties of the final products, the changing interactions among nutrient elements and other elements, and the relationship between substrate degradation and the amount of biochar used as well as the best formula for reducing ammonia emission. The results showed that the proper proportion of the added biochar to the other elements was conducive to less ammonia emission and nitrogen loss during the aerobic composting. The composting effect of Treatment C （biochar at 20%） was the optimal in the test, where in the composting temperature rose the most rapid and the earliest to the maximum temperature 52.5℃, with the least nitrogen loss. An effective, safe and high-quality resource utilization of chicken manure was established through the aerobic composting with reasonable material mixture proportion.

关键词： Biochar Chicken manure Aerobic composting ammonia emission

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Estimation for ammonia emissions at county level in China from 2013 to 2018

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第6期65卷 1116-1127页

作者： Wenling LIAO Mingxu LIU Xin HUANG Tiantian WANG Zhenying XU Fang SHANG Yu SONG Xuhui CAI Hongsheng ZHANG Ling KANG Tong ZHU State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental SciencePeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences School of Atmospheric SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Laboratory for Atmosphere-Ocean Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic ScienceSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

ammonia (NH_(3)) can interact with other trace chemicals in the atmosphere,significantly impacting atmospheric chemistry and global climate *** is a largely agricultural country with high consumption of nitrogen fertilizer and large livestock herds,resulting in high NH_(3) *** this study,a comprehensive county-level inventory of Chinese NH_(3) emissions from 2013 to 2018 was *** on previous research,an estimate of NH_(3) emissions from household coal combustion was added to the *** estimation of emissions from open biomass burning was improved by using a method based on fire radiative energy (FRE).The total NH_(3) emissions in China increased from 2013 (9.64 Tg) to 2015 (9.75 Tg),and then decreased to 9.12 Tg in *** from fossil fuels reached a peak value in 2018,accounting for 8.4%of total emissions,while fertilizer application and livestock waste were responsible for fewer emissions than in previous years,accounting for 27.7%and 49.9%of the total from non-fossil fuel sources,*** highest emission rates were in central and southwestern ***,NH_(3) emissions peaked in spring and *** inventory had a 1-km spatial resolution and a monthly temporal resolution,which confirmed its suitability for global and regional air quality simulations.

关键词： ammonia emission Seasonal variations Spatial distribution Policy Suggestions China

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Significant reduction of ammonia emissions while increasing crop yields using the 4R nutrient stewardship in an intensive cropping system

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第6期22卷 1883-1895页

作者： ZHANG Chong WANG Dan-dan ZHAO Yong-jian XIAO Yu-lin CHEN Huan-xuan LIU He-pu FENG Li-yuan YU Chang-hao JU Xiao-tang College of Tropical Crops Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228P.R.China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193P.R.China

ammonia (NH_3) emissions should be mitigated to improve environmental *** are one of the largest NH_3sources,they must be managed properly to reduce their emissions while achieving the target ***,we report the NH_3 emissions,crop yield and changes in soil fertility in a long-term trial with various fertilization regimes,to explore whether NH_3 emissions can be significantly reduced using the 4R nutrient stewardship (4Rs),and its interaction with the organic amendments (i.e.,manure and straw) in a wheat–maize *** the 4Rs significantly reduced NH_3 emissions to 6 kg N ha~(–1) yr~(–1) and the emission factor to 1.72%,without compromising grain yield (12.37 Mg ha~(–1) yr~(–1))and soil fertility (soil organic carbon of 7.58 g kg~(–1)) compared to the conventional chemical N *** using the 4R plus manure,NH_3 emissions (7 kg N ha~(–1) yr~(–1)) and the emission factor (1.74%) were as low as 4Rs,and grain yield and soil organic carbon increased to 14.79 Mg ha~(–1) yr~(–1) and 10.09 g kg~(–1),*** manure substitution not only significantly reduced NH_3 emissions but also increased crop yields and improved soil fertility,compared to conventional chemical N *** return exerted a minor effect on NH_3 *** results highlight that 4R plus manure,which couples nitrogen and carbon management can help achieve both high yields and low environmental costs.

关键词： ammonia emission crop yield 4R nutrient stewardship partial manure substitution winter wheat–summer maize cropping system

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Effects of different litters on ammonia emissions from chicken manure

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第4期12卷 27-33页

作者： Hequn Tan Meng Li Dengfei Jie Yafang Zhou Xin'an Li College of Engineering Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of ChinaWuhan 430070China College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China

Experiments were conducted to investigate the influences of type of litter,initial moisture content(IMC)of litter,and dry weight ratio of manure to litter(DWRML)on ammonia emissions from chicken manure and the effects of pH values of tea leaves and the mixtures of tea leaves and other litter on the ammonia emissions from chicken *** the experiments,four kinds of litter,Northeast pine sawdust(sawdust),rice husk,tea leaves,and wheat straw,were *** IMCs of the litter were(20±2)%,(30±2)%,and(40±2)%;and the DWRML values were 1:4,1:6 and 1:8,*** different litters adjusted at different moisture contents were mixed with chicken manure in different DWRML and then placed in different static test chambers,which were real-time monitored the ammonia *** chicken manure without any litter was used as a control *** four kinds of litter had obvious inhibitory effects on the ammonia emissions from chicken manure under various *** were significant differences among four kinds of litter(pammonia inhibition(p>0.05).The DWRML had no significant effects on ammonia emission inhibition for tea leaves(p>0.05),but had a significant effects on the ammonia emission inhibition for the other three kinds of litter(pammonia emissions(p>0.05).The mixed litter made of tea leaves and sawdust,rice husk,or straw were significantly better than the tea leaves and other single litter(pammonia emissions from chicken manure.

关键词： litter moisture content dry weight ratio of manure to litter chicken manure inhibitory effect ammonia emission

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ammonia emissions in EuropemCosts, Regulation and Targets with Focus on Denmark

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第3期2卷 285-293页

作者： Brian H Jacobsen Institute of Food and Resource Economics Faculty of Life Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C. 1958 Denmark

The NEC （National emission Ceiling） directive has set targets for the 2010 ammonia emissions from a number of European countries. The target will be reached by most EU-countries and the total emission for EU-27 has been reduced by 22% from 1990 to 2007. Denmark is one of the countries with the largest reductions since 1990 and the article aims at the measures and costs involved. The conclusion is that the costs have been under 3ε per kg NH3-N. Measures in several countries are under 5ε per kg NH3-N, which is a likely minimum for the benefits of reducing NH3-N. The findings suggest that the same measures might be cheaper in the Netherlands and Denmark than in the UK and the USA due to technology advances and stricter regulations in the past. The new Danish application procedure, when increasing the animal production, has tried to make the acceptance procedure quicker and dynamic ensuring that new technology is adopted quicker and that the farm has the right location. It is concluded that the new application process so far has not lived up to the high expectations at the outset. Despite this, the paper concludes that Denmark is likely to reduce emission by 50% from 1990 to 2020 and reach the likely 2020 NEC ceiling.

关键词： ammonia emission costs cost effective measores NEC directive and regulation.

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Rice productivity and profitability with slow-release urea containing organic-inorganic matrix materials

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Pedosphere 2021年第4期31卷 511-520页

作者： Yang YANG Binmei LIU Xiaoyu NI Liangzhi TAO Lixiang YU Ye YANG Mengxi FENG Wenjin ZHONG Yuejin WU Engineering Laboratory of Environment-friendly High-effciency Fertilizers and Pesticides of Anhui Province Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031(China) The Innovative Academy of Seed Design Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101(China) Henan Xinlianxin Fertilizer Co. Ltd.Xinxiang 453700(China)

Applying slow-release fertilizers is possible means for reducing nitrogen(N) loss in rice production. Matrix-based fertilizers represent novel slow-release fertilizers. To date, there is little consensus about the effect of combined addition of organic and inorganic matrix materials on rice production. We developed a slow-release urea fertilizer with selected organic and inorganic matrix materials. The study aimed to: i) determine the effect of the slow-release urea on rice yield, profit, and agronomic efficiency and ii) elucidate its possible mechanisms. A two-year field experiment was conducted during 2015–2016. Besides,laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the potential N loss risk. Three treatments were set up: control without N application(CK), regular urea treatment(RU, 150 kg N ha^(-1)), and slow-release urea treatment(SU, 150 kg N ha^(-1)). The results showed that rice biomass and grain yield were significantly higher in SU than in RU(P < 0.05). The higher panicle density in SU was largely responsible for the greater grain yield. Net profit in SU was US$450 ha^(-1), higher than in RU. Agronomic efficiency was significantly greater in SU than in RU(P < 0.05). Rice height, root area, leaf chlorophyll, leaf nitrate reductase activity, and leaf glutamine synthetase activity were larger in SU than in RU. Less N loss and greater soil N availability were partly responsible for the improvements in rice growth traits and physiological parameters in SU. Overall, the slow-release urea is a promising fertilizer for rice production.

关键词： ammonia emission ferric sulfate matrix-based fertilizer montmorillonite nitrogen leaching path analysis

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