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ambient noise tomography of Jinan:The Migration of Groundwater and the Formation of Geothermal Water

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第5期96卷 1716-1728页

作者： LEI Ting LIANG Feng HAN Chen WANG Zhihui LI Junlun MA Yan YAO Huajian Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037China SinoProbe Center Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and China Geological SurveyBeijing 100037China Laboratory of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China China University of Geosciences(Beijing) School of Geophysics and information technologyBeijing 100083China National Geophysical Observatory at Mengcheng University of Science and Technology of ChinaMengchengAnhui 233500China

Jinan is an important city in eastern China,with rich groundwater in the *** are four famous springs in the urban area and an abundance of geothermal water in the northern part,which makes the migration of groundwater in this area a very important *** study the shallow shear wave velocity structure and groundwater migration in Jinan,we utilized almost a month of continuous waveform data from 175 short period seismometers deployed by the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,in order to calculate the cross-correlation *** picked 7749 group dispersion curves and 6117 phase dispersion curves with a period range of 0.2–2 *** inversion,we obtained the fine threedimensional shear wave velocity and azimuthal anisotropy structure(0–2.4 km).Combining the results with local geological and hydrological data,the following conclusions were reached.(1)There are widespread high velocity anomalies in the region between the Qianfoshan and Wenhuaqiao faults,as well as to the east of the Wenhuaqiao Fault,which may be related to the intrusive gabbro known as the Jinan Intrusive Rock.(2)The two distinct high velocity anomalies in our model(referred to as west and east Jinan Intrusive Rock in this paper)may indicate that the Jinan Intrusive Rock was broken through crustal movement.(3)There is an obvious low velocity layer under the intrusive rock,which could be the channel of groundwater *** precipitation in the southern mountain region seeps down into the ground,then is blocked by the Jinan Intrusive Rock and can only progress downwards to a deeper part,where the groundwater is heated by the geothermal *** heated water finally arrives at the northern part and forms geothermal water.(4)The depth of the low velocity layer beneath the Jinan Intrusive Rock varies laterally,which may indicate that the depth of the groundwater migration is different beneath the west and east Jinan Intrusive Rock.(5)There is strong azimuthal anisotropy in souther

关键词： ambient noise tomography shear wave velocity structure urban underground space Jinan groundwater Baotu Spring Park

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Fault-controlled regional magmatism and mineral deposition in central Cathaysia——Evidence from ambient noise tomography

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第9期65卷 1715-1735页

作者： Lingmin CAO Huaiyu YUAN Liang ZHAO Minghui ZHAO Haibo HUANG Tianyao HAO Xuelin QIU Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyInnovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511438China ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSW 2109Australia Centre for Exploration Targeting University of Western AustraliaCrawley PerthWA 6009Australia State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China

Guangdong Province in the central Cathaysian Block has two world-class metallogenic belts, namely, the Nanling and Southeastern Coastal Metallogenic Belts(NLMB and SCMB), which are spatially coincide with the major regional Ganjiang and Zhenghe-Dapu Fault Zones(GJFZ and ZDFZ). However, what roles the faults played in mineral deposition and magmatism is unclear. Using ambient noise tomography, we obtain a 3-D whole-crust shear wave velocity model. By combining available regional geophysical models, we characterize the architecture of the regional shallow lithosphere and infer its possible tectonic connection to magmatic sources, pathways and surface deposition. The results show that the study area is loosely divided by the two major faults, the GJFZ and ZDFZ, into distinct velocity domains. In the north high Vand low V/Vcrust in the NLMB imply crustal remelting, which leads to the general felsic composition. In the coastal area, the lower crustal high Vanomaly is attributed to upwelling melts associated with Cretaceous magmatic activity. Between mineral belts, a swath of crustal lowvelocity zones extend into the uppermost mantle, manifesting partial melting related to upwelling magmas that may hint at a deep origin of magma from subcrustal lithosphere and likely feed surface mineral deposits through major faults. Secondary NW-trending faults coincide with low velocities and facilitated magmatic migration. A correlation between coastward extension of low velocities and younging of the Jurassic and Cretaceous magmatism is suggestive of a combined effect of slab rollback and a change in the direction of the Paleo-Pacific subduction system. We speculate a regional fault-control model in the central Cathaysian Block for the spatial-temporal evolution of regional deformation and magmatism during the middle Mesozoic.

关键词： ambient noise tomography Crustal Vs structure Ganjiang Fault Zone Zhenghe-Dapu Fault Zone Mesozoic magmatism

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Distribution of Intra-Crustal Low Velocity Zones beneath Yunnan from Seismic ambient noise tomography

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Journal of Earth Science 2018年第6期29卷 1409-1418页

作者： Weibing Qin Shuangxi Zhang Mengkui Li Tengfei Wu Chaoyu Zhang Department of Geophysics School of Geodesy and GeomaticsWuhan Universi.tvWuhan 430079China China Three Gorges Corporation Yiehang 443000China Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy of Ministry of Education Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospace Information Science Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China

Previous studies have reached consensus that low velocity zones are widespread in the crust beneath Yunnan region. However, the relationships between the low velocity zones and large faults, earthquake distribution are less investigated by available studies. By analyzing the seismic ambient noise recorded by Yunnan Seismic Networks and Tengchong volcano array, we construct a 3D crustal shear wave velocity model for the Yunnan region, which provides more details of the distribution of intra-crustal low velocity zones all over Yunnan. The distribution of low velocity zones shows different features at different depths. At shallow depths, the results are well correlated with near surface geological features. With increasing depth, the low velocity zones are gradually concentrated on the northern part of our study area, most likely reflecting variations in crustal thickness beneath the Yunnan region. The low velocity zones are truncated at depth by several large faults in Yunnan. It is interesting that most strong earthquakes（Ms≥5.0） occurred in Yunnan are distributed in low velocity zones or the transition zones between low and high velocity anomalies within the upper-to-middle crust. The crustal structure is composed of a brittle, seismically active upper-to-middle crust and a warm, aseismic lower crust.

关键词： ambient noise tomography crustal structure low velocity zone fault strong earthquake

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Radial Anisotropy in the Crust beneath the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau from ambient noise tomography

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Journal of Earth Science 2015年第6期26卷 864-871页

作者： Jing Tan Hongyi Li Xinfu Li Ming Zhou Longbin Ouyang Sanjian Sun Dan Zheng Key Laboratory of Geo-Detection Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Geological Exploration Technologies Institute of Anhui Province School of Geophysics and Information Technology China University of Geosciences

Through analysis of Rayleigh wave and Love wave Green＇s functions estimated from ambient noise tomography, we obtain radial anisotropy and shear wave velocity structure beneath the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. With two hundred and twenty three broadband seismic stations deployed by China Earthquake Administration, a collaborative seismic experiment of northern Tibet（ACSENT） experiment and northeastern Tibet seismic（NETS） experiment provide the unprecedented opportunity to resolve the spatial distribution of the radial anisotropy within the crust of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Discrepancies between Love（sh） and Rayleigh（sv） wave velocities show complex anisotropic patterns associated with the dynamic processes of the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates：（1） In the upper crust, V（sv）〉V（sh） anisotropy is dominant throughout the study area which probably reflects fossil microcracks induced by the uplift, folding and erosion geodynamic processes;（2） in the middle crust, V（sh）〉V（sv） observed beneath the Songpan-Ganzi terrane and the northwestern Qilian orogen correlates well with a mid-crustal low velocity zone（LVZ）;（3） at depths deeper than 40 km, V（sh）〉V（sv） is still found in the Songpan-Ganzi terrane. This anisotropy could be caused by the sub-horizontal alignment of anisotropic minerals that has followed the collision between India and Eurasia. However, the northwestern Qilian orogen is associated with V（sv）〉V（sh） anisotropy which may be related to the vertically aligned seismic anisotropic minerals caused by the crustal thickening.

关键词： northeastern Tibetan Plateau ambient noise tomography radial anisotropy.

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Topography effect on ambient noise tomography using a dense seismic array

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Earthquake Science 2018年第5期31卷 291-300页

作者： Shuang Wang Xinlei Sun State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

With the rapid increase of dense seismic array deployment, more and more ambient noise studies have been applied on short period surface waves tomography. For arrays with inter-station distance of several hundred meters,the effect of surface topography has to be considered. In this study, we investigate topography effect on ambient noise surface wave tomography using synthetic data from different topographic models. Our travel times are synthetized considering surface topography, and shear wave inversions are performed by incorporating and not incorporating topography respectively. Our inversion results suggest that topography does affect subsurface shear wave velocity inversion. If topography is not considered, although the pattern of the structure may be recovered reasonably well, the depth distribution of velocity structure can be distorted. The maximum distortion depth is generally correlated with the relief of the topography and the amplitude of the velocity anomalies. Finally, our example of real data inversion in a mountain area demonstrates good correlation between shear velocity and the geological settings, as well as the core sample in that area.

关键词： topography effect dense array ambient noise tomography

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A new stacking technique in ambient noise tomography

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Earthquake Science 2010年第6期23卷 627-636页

作者： Yongshun John Chen Department of Geophysics School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking University

We have developed a new stacking technique in ambient noise tomography to obtain high-quality dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves. This technique is used to stack the vertical components of the Estimated Green Functions （EGFs） obtained respectively from cross correlation of the ambient noise data recorded by a remote seismic station and one of the short distance seismic stations of a seismic array. It is based on a phase-matched filter and is implemented by a four-step iterative process： signal compression, stacking, signal extraction and signal decompression. The iterative process ends and gives the dispersion curve of Rayleigh wave when the predicted one and the processing result converge. We have tested the method using the vertical components of synthetic Rayleigh wave records. Results show that this new stacking method is stable and it can improve the quality of dispersion curves. In addition, we have applied this method to real data. We see that the results given by our new technique are obviously better than the ones employing the traditional method which is a three-step process： signal compression, signal extraction and signal decompression. In conclusion, the new method proposed in this paper can improve the signal to noise ratio of EGFs, and can therefore potentially improve the resolution of ambient noise tomography.

关键词： seismotectonics continental dynamics ambient noise tomography array technique stacking

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3D S-wave velocity structure of the Ningdu basin in Jiangxi province inferred from ambient noise tomography with dense array

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Earthquake Research Advances 2023年第1期3卷 70-80页

作者： Long Teng Xiangteng Wang Chunlei Fu Feng Bao Jiajun Chong Sidao Ni Zhiwei Li School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China Nanjing Center China Geological SurveyNanjing210016China East China University of Technology Nanchang330013China State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyWuhan430077China Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering Beijing100094China

The Ningdu basin,located in southern Jiangxi province of southwest China,is one of the Mesozoic basin groups which has exploration prospects for geothermal energy.A study on the detailed velocity structure of the Ningdu basin can provide important information for geothermal resource *** this study,we deployed a dense seismic array in the Ningdu basin to investigate the 3D velocity structure and discuss implications for geothermal exploration and geological *** on the dense seismic array including 35 short-period(5 s-100 Hz)seismometers with an average interstation distance of~5 km,Rayleigh surface wave dispersion curves were extracted from the continuous ambient noise data for surface wave tomographic *** velocity tomography was conducted and the 3D S-wave velocity structure was inverted by the neighborhood *** results revealed obvious low-velocity anomalies in the center of the basin,consistent with the low-velocity Cretaceous sedimentary *** basement and basin-controlling fault can also be depicted by the S-wave velocity *** obvious seismic interface is about 2 km depth in the basin center and decreases to 700 m depth near the basin boundary,suggesting spatial thickness variations of the Cretaceous *** fault features of the S-wave velocity profile coincide with the geological cognition of the western boundary basincontrolling fault,which may provide possible upwelling channels for geothermal *** study suggests that seismic tomography with a dense array is an effective method and can play an important role in the detailed investigations of sedimentary basins.

关键词： ambient noise tomography Dense array S-wave velocity structure Ningdu basin Geothermal energy

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Crustal structure of the northeastern Tibetan plateau,the Ordos block and the Sichuan basin from ambient noise tomography

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Earthquake Science 2010年第5期23卷 465-476页

作者： Yong Zheng Yingjie Yang Michael H. Ritzwoller Xiufen Zheng Xiong Xiong Zuning Li Key Laboratory of Dynamic Geodesy Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430077 China Department of Physics University of Colorado Boulder CO 80303 USA Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100081 China Earthquake Administration of Fujian Province Fuzhou 350003 China

We apply ambient noise tomography to significant seismic data resources in a region including the northeastern Tibetan plateau, the Ordos block and the Sichuan basin. The seismic data come from about 160 stations of the provincial broadband digital seismograph networks of China. ambient noise cross-correlations are performed on the data recorded between 2007 and 2009 and high quality inter-station Rayleigh phase velocity dispersion curves are obtained between periods of 6 s to 35 s. Resulting Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps possess a lateral resolution between 100 km and 200 kin. The phase velocities at short periods （〈20 s） are lower in the Sichuan basin, the northwest segment of the Ordos block and the Weihe graben, and outline sedimentary deposits. At intermediate and long periods （〉25 s）, strong high velocity anomalies are observed within the Ordos block and the Sichuan basin and low phase velocities are imaged in the northeastern Tibetan plateau, reflecting the variation of crustal thickness from the Tibetan plateau to the neighboring regions in the east. Crustal and uppermost mantle shear wave velocities vary strongly between the Tibetan plateau, the Sichuan basin and the Ordos block. The Ordos block and the Sichuan basin are dominated by high shear wave velocities in the crust and uppermost mantle. There is a triangle-shaped low velocity zone located in the northeastern Tibetan plateau, whose width narrows towards the eastern margin of the plateau. No low velocity zone is apparent beneath the Qinling orogen, suggesting that mass may not be able to flow eastward through the boundary between the Ordos block and the Sichuan basin in the crust and uppermost mantle.

关键词： phase velocity Ordos block ambient noise tomography crustal structure

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High-resolution Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps from ambient noise tomography in North China

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Earthquake Science 2012年第3期25卷 241-251页

作者： Jiatie Pan Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100081, China 1. Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100081 China

We presented high-resolution Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps at periods ranging from 5 s to 30 s in the northeast part of the North China Craton (NNCC). Continuous time-series of vertical component between October 2006 and December 2008, recorded by 187 broadband stations temporarily deployed in the NNCC region, have been cross-correlated to obtain estimated fundamental mode Rayleigh wave Green’s functions. Using the frequency and time analysis technique based on continuous wavelet transformation, we measured 3 667 Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion curves. High-resolution phase velocity maps at periods of 5, 10, 20 and 30 s were reconstructed with grid size 0.25°× 0.25°, which reveal lateral heterogeneity of shear wave structure in the crust and upper mantle of NNCC. For periods shorter than 10 s, the phase velocity variations are well correlated with the principal geological units in the NNCC, with low-speed anomalies corresponding to the major sedimentary basins and high-speed anomalies coinciding with the main mountain ranges. Within the period range from 20 s to 30 s, high phase velocity observed in eastern NCC is coincident with the thin crust, whereas low phase velocities imaged in central NCC is correlated to the thick crust. However, the low-velocity anomaly in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region displayed in the 20 s and 30 s phase maps may be associated with fluids.

关键词： Rayleigh wave phase velocity ambient noise tomography wavelet transformation North China Craton

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The shallow Longmenshan crustal S-velocity structure of the fault zone using ambient noise tomography of a seismic dense array

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Earthquake Science 2019年第5期32卷 197-206页

作者： Dandan Li Gaochun Wang Ruihua Lin Kai Deng Xiaobo Tian State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Sinosteel Tianjin Geological Academy LTD Tianjin 300181China College of Geophysics Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101China

The Longmenshan fault zone(LMSF),characterized by complex structures and strong seismicity,is located at the junction between the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and the north-western Sichuan *** the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12,2008,abundant studies of the formation mechanism of earthquakes along the LMSF were *** this study,a short-period dense seismic array deployed across the LMSF was applied by ambient noise ***-two 3-D seismic instruments were used for data acquisition for 26 *** calculated the empirical Green's functions(EGFs)between different station-pairs and extracted 776 Rayleigh-wave dispersion curves between 2 and 7 *** then,we used the direct-inversion method to obtain the fine shallow crustal S-wave velocity structure within 6 km depth in the middle section of the Longmenshan fault zone and nearby *** results show that the sedimentary layer(>5 km)exists in the northwest margin of Sichuan Basin with a low S-wave velocity(~1.5-2.5 km/s)which is much thicker than that beneath the Longmenshan fault zone and the Songpan-Garze *** high-velocity structures with clear boundaries below the middle of Longmenshan fault zone(~2-4 km)and the Songpan-Garze block(~4.5-6 km)probably reveal the NW-SE distribution patterns of both the Pengguan complex and the high-density belt hidden in the northwest of the Pengguan *** the obviously high-velocity anomalies observed at the depth of^1-2 km in the southeastern margin of the Songpan-Garze block can be considered as the Laojungou *** results provide a high-resolution shallow velocity structure for detailed studies of the Longmenshan fault zone.

关键词： Longmenshan fault zone ambient noise tomography S-wave velocity structure short-period dense seis-mic arrays

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