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alternaria toxin-induced resistance in rose plants against rose aphid(Macrosiphum rosivorum): effect of tenuazonic acid

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2015年第4期16卷 264-274页

作者： Fa-zhong YANG Bin YANG Bei-bei LI Chun XIAO School of Plant Protection Yunnan Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province Southwest Forestry University

Many different types of toxins are produced by the fungus, alternaria alternata （Fr.） Keissler. Little is known, however, regarding the influence of these toxins on insects. In this study, we investigated the toxin-induced inhibitory effects of the toxin produced by A. alternata on the rose aphid, Macrosiphum rosivorum, when the toxin was applied to leaves of the rose, Rosa chinensis. The results demonstrated that the purified crude toxin was non-harmful to rose plants and rose aphids, but had an intensive inhibitory effect on the multiplication of aphids. The inhibitory index against rose aphids reached 87.99% when rose plants were sprayed with the toxin solution at a low concentration. Further results from bioassays with aphids and high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） analyses demon- strated that tenuazonic acid （TEA） was one of the most important resistance-related active components in the crude toxin. The content of TeA was 0.1199% in the crude toxin under the HPLC method. Similar to the crude toxin, the inhibitory index of pure TeA reached 83.60% 15 d after the rose plants were sprayed with pure TeA solution at the lower concentration of 0.060 IJg/ml, while the contents of residual TeA on the surface and in the inner portion of the rose plants were only 0.04 and 0.00 ng/g fresh weight of TeA-treated rose twigs, respectively, 7 d after the treatment. Our results show that TeA, an active component in the A. alternata toxin, can induce the indirect plant-mediated re- sponses in rose plants to intensively enhance the plant＇s resistances against rose aphids, and the results are very helpful to understand the plant-mediated interaction between fungi and insects on their shared host plants.

关键词： Toxin Induced resistance Fungus-plant-insect system Plant-mediated interaction Tenuazonic acid alternaria altemata Macrosiphum rosivorum

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alternaria toxin-induced resistance against rose aphids and olfactory response of aphids to toxin-induced volatiles of rose plants

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2012年第2期13卷 126-135页

作者： Fa-zhong YANG Li LI Bin YANG Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming 650224China

The search for active toxins for managing weeds or plant diseases is believed to be a promising avenue of investigation. However, the effects of alternaria toxins on insects have just begun to be investigated. Bioactivities of toxins from four strains of Altemaria alternata on Rosa chinensis and rose aphid Macrosiphum rosivorum were tested in the present study. At a concentration of 50.0 pg/ml, the crude extract （toxin） of strain 7484 was found not to be harmful to rose plants with excised leaf-puncture method （P≥0.079）, and rose plants showed enhanced resistance to rose aphids when this Altemaria toxin was sprayed on the plants （P≤0.001）. However, this toxin caused no detrimental effects on aphids in insecticidal bioassay at a concentration of 10.0 to 160.0 μg/ml （P≥0.096）. Therefore, the alternaria toxin had significantly induced the resistance of rose plants against rose aphids, demonstrating that the resistance mechanism triggered by the Altemaria toxin in the rose plant may also be used by the plant to defend itself against insects. Further bioassays aimed to discover the olfactory responses of aphids to the toxin-induced volatiles of host plants. The aphids were significantly more attracted to both volatiles emitted and collected from control rose plants than to both volatiles emitted and collected from the toxin-treated rose plants （P≤0.014）. This result showed that the toxin-induced resistance related to the volatile changes of host plants.

关键词： alternaria altemata Macrosiphum rosivorum Rosa chinensis Toxin Plant resistance Olfactory response Volatile Headspace collection

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