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Plant Diversity 2019年第1期41卷 7-12页

作者： Junbin Cheng Na Song Jinsong Wu Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Although patatin was initially identified as a major storage protein in potato tubers, patatin-like proteins(PLPs) have been recently reported to be widely present in many plant species and shown to be involved in plant-pathogen interactions. However, it is not clear whether PLPs are involved in Nicotiana attenuata resistance against the necrotrophic fungal pathogen, alternaria alternata. In this study we identified a NaPLP gene, whose expression was highly elicited by A. alternata inoculation. Silencing NaPLP enhanced N. attenuata resistance to A. alternata, which was associated with higher induction levels of JA and ethylene biosynthetic genes, NaACS1, NaACO1 and NaLOX3. The induction of NaPLP expression by the fungus was abolished in JA-deficient plants and significantly reduced in ethylene-insensitive plants. In addition, NaPLP transcripts were highly induced by exogenous treatment with either methyl jasmonate(MeJA) or ethephon. Co-treatment with MeJA and ethephon led to a much higher induction level of NaPLP transcripts, and this synergistic induction was largely dependent on endogenous JA and ethylene signaling pathways. Thus, we conclude that the NaPLP gene is elicited by A. alternata via JA and ethylene signaling pathways in a synergistic way; however, unlike other JA-and ethylene-induced defense genes,NaPLP negatively affects plant resistance to the fungus likely by suppressing JA and ethylene biosynthetic gene expression.

关键词： alternaria Ethylene Jasmonate Necrotrophic fungal pathogen Nicotiana Plant resistance

In VitroAnti-HIV Activity of Partially Purified Coumarin(s) Isolated from Fungal Endophyte, alternariaSpecies of Calophyllum inophyllum

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2015年第7期6卷 321-328页

作者： Melappa Govindappa Kavya C. Hemmanur S. Nithin Chandrappa Chinna Poojari Gopalakrishna Bhat K. Channabasava Endophytic Natural Product Laboratory Department of Biotechnology Shridevi Institute of Engineering & Technology Tumkur India Madhuca Srinivasa Nagara Chitpady Udupi India

5 totally different endophytic fungal species were isolated from bark and leaf parts of Calophyllum inophyllum. Leaf part yielded Trichoderma harzianum and alternaria species, whereas bark showed the presence of Fusarium species, Aspergillus species and unidentified fungi. Two solvents (hexane and methanol) were used for endophytic fungal extraction and the alternaria species had shown the presence of coumarin whereas Trichoderma harzianum in methanol extract and Fusarium species in hexane extract had shown the coumarin(s) in all the four methods tested. The total coumarin yield was more in microwave assistance method, the methanol alternaria species (3.941 ± 0.082) stood first, followed by hexane extract of alternaria species (3.254 ± 0.082), Fusarium species (2.532 ± 0.082) and Trichoderma harzianum (2.294 ± 0.082), the plant extract showed 4.149 + 0.053. The methanol extract of alternaria species inhibited the activity of HIV-Reverse Transcriptase (RT) (82.81 ± 1.0), integrase (98%) and protease (78) in maximum level followed by hexane extract of alternaria species (71.12 ± 0.9, 89, 68), Fusarium species (63.92 ± 1.8, 67, 66) and Trichoderma harzianum (56.69 ± 0.9, 71, 63). The endophytic fungi alternaria species inhibited all the three viral enzymes at maximum level and it was more than standard drug. However, in order to know possible anti-HIV, it is necessary to isolate active coumarin from the alternaria species and the mechanism of action will be studied in future studies.

关键词： Endophytes alternaria Species HIV-RT Integrase Protease Inhibitory Activity

Disease Prevalence and Symptoms Caused by alternaria tenuissimaand Pestalotiopsis guepiniion Blueberry in Entre Ríos and Buenos Aires, Argentina

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第19期6卷 3082-3090页

作者： Rocío L. Fernández Marta C. Rivera Bruno Varsallona Eduardo R. Wright Cátedra de Fitopatología Facultad de Agronomía Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad de Buenos Aires Argentina Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASA) Ciudad de Buenos Aires Argentina Instituto de Floricultura Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria INTA Hurlingham Buenos Aires Argentina

About 60% of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) plantations in Argentina are located in the provinces of Entre Ríos and Buenos Aires. alternaria tenuissima and Pestalotiopsis guepinii have been reported as pathogens of blueberry, causing leaf spots and branch cankers. The aims of this research were to estimate the prevalence of these microorganisms on leaves and fruits taken from crops located in Entre Ríos and Buenos Aires, as well as to differentiate leaf symptoms after target inoculations with each pathogen individually and in mixtures. Both fungi were present in blueberry fields from 2010 to 2013. A. tenuissima was the most prevalent pathogen, as most of the symptoms detected in the fields had been caused by this species. As a result of inoculations on cv. O’Neal, injured tissues showed symptoms before undamaged ones. Leaf symptoms caused by A. tenuissima differed from those caused by P. guepinii because of their predominant reddish color and the absence of drop-off of the central part of the lesions. When inoculated in a mixture, incubation period on leaves was intermediate between the registered for individual inoculations. The leaves showed reddishbrown spots typical of A. tenuissima and dark brown spots typical of P. guepinii, both with red margins. Blight, defoliation and canker symptoms caused in each case were undistinguishable.

关键词： Blueberry Diseases alternaria tenuissima Pestalotiopsis guepinii Argentina

Bio-Control of alternaria alternataduring Banana Storage by Purified AFP Using Isoelectric Focusing Technique

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第15期5卷 1482-1495页

作者： Hassan Barakat Department of Food Science Faculty of Agriculture Benha University 13736 Moshtohor Kaliuobia Egypt

Interestingly, antifungal protein AFP was purified from Aspergillus giganteus supernatants with modified isoelectric focusing procedure after adaptation of the secretion conditions. Subsequently, the antifungal activity as well as the mode of action against alternaria alternata was tested in vitro. Moreover, different concentrations of AFP were applied to banana fruits for 15 days at 20°C in vivo. Obtained results illustrated that A. giganteus was able to secrete about 39.78 ± 2.39 mg AFP·l-1 Olson medium. The employed ammonium sulfate (AS 75%) precipitation procedure followed by dialysis steps yielded about 16 - 22 mg AFP·l-1 culture supernatant with general mean of 18.67 ± 1.98 mg·l-1. The lost amount of AFP during purification using AS and 3KDa cut-off dialysis membrane is about 50% thus, purification procedure must be further improved. Indeed, concluded results from MIC and hyphal extension inhibition test noticed that AFP was efficiently affected by either growth or hyphae form of A. alternata in vitro. The MIC of AFP against A. alternata was 2μg·ml-1. However,short, thick and highly septated hyphae with damaged constricted apical regions extruding from condensed mycelium aggregates in treated hyphae compared to the untreated culture was remarkably shown. The mode of action of in vitro experiment manifested that AFP was effective to act the fungal cell and permeabilize the cell membrane of A. alternata. Furthermore, the in vivo experiment showed that AFP could reduce post-harvest decay on banana caused by A. alternata. AFP at concentration of 15 and 25 μg·ml-1 exhibit alternaria decayed reduction by 45.45% and 77.27%, respectively. While no alternaria decayed area was observed when 50 μg·ml-1 was applied during the storage time. Quantification of DNA by species-specific PCR could exude a positive correlation between the DNA amount and decayed area. In conclusion, AFP can be efficiently used as a bio-preservative agent during storage and handling of banana

关键词： Antifungal Protein (AFP) alternaria alternata Isoelectric Focusing Antifungal Activity

Identification of alternariaspp. as Pathogenic on the Native Species Terminalia australisand Salvia guaranitica

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第6期4卷 36-41页

作者： Mariana Kameniecki Eduardo R. Wright Marta C. Rivera Plant Pathology School of Agronomy University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina

This work is the result of activities included in the cooperative project between Asociación Ribera Norte (ARN) and the Department of Plant Pathology, School of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires. ARN is a non-governmental organization created in 1993 mainly for the management of the Reserva Ecológica Municipal Ribera Norte, a preservation area located in San Isidro (North of Buenos Aires), within the Provincia Paranaense region. The aims were to identify diseases in native plant species growing there. Light brown leaf spots with thin brown margins and narrow yellow halos were observed on Terminalia australis (mean disease severity: 25%). The pathogen was isolated, inoculated on healthy plants, reisolated from infected leaves and identified as alternaria tenuissima. Similarly, another leaf-spot disease was observed on Salvia guaranitica, characterized by reddish brown large spots developed from the apexes and margins towards the centre of the leaves, reaching the veins in some cases (mean severity: 20%). Pathogen isolation, inoculation and reisolation led to the identification of A. alternata as the causal agent of the disease. Unusual heavy rain is analyzed as disease conductive.

关键词： alternaria tenuissima Terminalia australis A. alternata Salvia guaranitica Diagnosis

Assessment on early blight of potato in order to compare the two methodsin vitro using pathogenic fungi alternaria solani

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Natural Science 2013年第11期5卷 1189-1192页

作者： Hamid Reza Mirkarimi Ahmad Abasi-Moghadam Javad Mozafari Department of Genetics & National Plant Gene-Bank Seed and Plant Improvement Institute Karaj Iran Department of Plant breeding Faculty of Agriculture Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) early blight, caused by alternaria solani is one of the most destructive fungal foliar diseases. This research was done in order to study methods comparison of evaluation by culture filtrate of A. solani in in vitro condition for selecting resistance cultivars to early blight. Plantlets of potato viruse free were obtained from the National plant gene bank of Iran, and were inoculated in vitro methods with a culture filtrate of A. solani. In in vitro selection by droplet of culture filtrate method, leaflet received a 10 μl droplet of the A. solani culture filtrate and in in vitro selection by direct using of culture filtrate method, plantlets were placed in test tubes that include 5 μl A. solani culture filtrate. The experimental design was factorial on basis of completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, three replications and six genotypes. During droplet method assay, the A. solani symptoms appeared 1 - 2 days until 6 days and during direct method they appeared 2 - 3 days until 6 days. The AUDPC values were submitted to the analysis of varience (ANOVA) and AUDPC means were compared by using Duncan test (α = 0.01%). In each method, significant difference among potato cultivars was observed for disease to early blight (p < 0.01). Results show that casmos cultivar is susceptible for resistance to early blight and in vitro methods experiment had the same result.

关键词： Early Blight AUDPC Resistance alternaria solani Potato

Effect of Chemical Seed Treatment and BAU-Biofungicide on alternariaBlight (alternaria brassicae)of Mustard

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第5期9卷 566-576页

作者： M. Ahmed N. N. Tonu K. Hornaday F. M. Aminuzzaman M. S. M. Chowdhury M. R. Islam Department of Plant Pathology Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dhaka Bangladesh University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada

The efficacy of three seed treating chemicals viz. Provax 200 WP, Brine solution, Rovral 50 WP and one Biofungicide viz. BAU-Biofungicide were evaluated against alternaria blight of mustard caused by alternaria brassicae and alternaria brassicicola. Three varieties viz. var. BARI-6, Tori-7 and SAU-Shorisha-1 were used in this study. The field experiment was conducted in the farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka and laboratory experiment was conducted in the seed health Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207 during the period from November 2008 to July 2009. Among the seed treating chemicals, Rovral 50WP showed the best performance in reducing disease incidence and severity as well as increasing seed yield. Application of Rovral 50 WP gave the best result in increasing the number of pod per plant, pod length (cm), number of branch per plant, 100 siliqua weight (g) and 1000 seed weight (g). BAU-Biofungicide also showed promising performance in controlling alternaria blight of mustard and reduced 36% and 53% disease incidence and disease severity respectively over untreated control. BAU-Biofungicide may be recommended as an alternative means of chemical fungicide such as Rovral 50 WP for controlling alternaria blight of mustard.

关键词： Mustard BAU-Biofungicide Chemical Seed Treatment and alternaria brassicae

In vitroand greenhouse evaluation for resistance to early blight of potato isolated from alternaria alternata

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第9期4卷 473-476页

作者： Hamid Reza Mirkarimi Ahmad Abasi-moghadam Javad Mozafari Department of Genetics & National Plant Gene-Bank of Iran Seed and Plant Improvement Institute Karaj Iran Department of Plant Breeding Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran

Early blight of potato is caused by the fungus alternaria alternata, one of the most destructive foliar diseases, especially in hot climates under irrigation. In this study, the virus free potato seedlings were obtained from the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran and were inoculated in vitro with a culture filtrate of A. alternate. The leaflets received a 1000-μl droplet of the A. alternata culture filtrate and were inoculated by spraying with a suspension of 105 conidia/ml of isolate A. alternata in the greenhouse method. The experimental design was a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications and seven genotypes, which have been infected with the two leaves of each iteration. In vitro selection of fungal isolates of A. alternata, chlorotic and necrotic symptoms began 1 to 2 days after inoculation, but the assessment of greenhouse symptoms appeared 6-10 days after inoculation. The area under the disease progress curve values were presented by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and they were compared using Duncan’s test (a = 0.01%). In both methods, there was a significant difference between the potato genotypes (P In vitro selection and evaluation greenhouse, Casmos were resistant to at least figure and Marfona genotype had the highest resistance.

关键词： Potato Early Blight alternaria Inoculation

Qualitative Evaluation of the Capacity of LactobacillusStrains to Degrade Mycotoxins Developed and Accumulated by Strains of the Genus alternaria

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第7期4卷 28-30页

作者： L. Pérez G. Girmé E. L. Arosemena M. A. Calvo Torras Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología Aplicada y Medio-Ambiental Departamento de Sanidad y de Anatomia Animales Fa- cultad de Veterinaria Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Spain.

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced and accumulated by mould. This study assessed the ability of 89 lactic acid bacteria, isolated from different sources, to degrade two mycotoxins by alternaria: alternariol and altenuene. The mehodology employed was the thin layer chromatography. The results obtained allow us to demonstrate that a 16.85% of the strains (15/89 strains) are capable of decreasing the intensity of the band related at the alternariol and 14.60% (13/89 strains) is capable of decrease the intensity of the band that manifests the altenuane in Alufolium. All tests have been observed under wavelengths of 360 nm and 255 nm. The results obtained allow carrying out a selection of lactic acid strains capable of degrading or decreasing the concentration of mycotoxins selected for this.

关键词： Lactic Acid Bacteria Mycotoxins alternaria Thin Layer Chromatography

反式-2-己烯醛对梨果黑斑病菌alternaria alternata的抑菌作用及其机理

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食品科学 2020年第7期41卷 191-197页

作者：董玉鹏孙萍李永才毕阳张苗黄怡张婷婷甘肃农业大学食品科学与工程学院甘肃兰州730070

本实验以梨果黑斑病菌alternaria alternata为研究对象,采用滤纸片扩散法研究植物源挥发性物质反式-2-己烯醛对A. alternata生长的抑制作用和对黑斑病的控制作用,通过检测膜完整性进一步探讨其抑菌作用的机理。结果表明:反式-2-己烯醛... 详细信息

本实验以梨果黑斑病菌alternaria alternata为研究对象,采用滤纸片扩散法研究植物源挥发性物质反式-2-己烯醛对A. alternata生长的抑制作用和对黑斑病的控制作用,通过检测膜完整性进一步探讨其抑菌作用的机理。结果表明:反式-2-己烯醛能显著抑制A. alternata的孢子萌发和菌丝生长,且其抑制作用存在剂量效应,其中2.0μL/mL处理后A. alternata的孢子萌发率和菌落直径仅为对照的13.9%和36.67%,同时反式-2-己烯醛熏蒸处理能有效控制梨果黑斑病的扩展。进一步研究表明反式-2-己烯醛处理严重破坏了A. alternata细胞膜完整性,膜电导率和核酸渗出率显著增加(P<0.05)。此外,反式-2-己烯醛均不同程度上降低了A. alternata交链格孢酚单甲醚、链格孢酚、交链格烯和腾毒素4种毒素的产生量。上述结果表明反式-2-己烯醛能够通过破坏A. alternata细胞膜完整性和抑制其毒素的产生而降低A. alternata生长和致病性。

关键词：梨黑斑病 alternaria alternata 反式-2-己烯醛抑菌活性细胞膜真菌毒素