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Viscoelastic stress change from the 1931 MW7.8 Fuyun earthquake and its impacts on seismic activity around the altai mountains

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第4期15卷 326-337+430页

作者： Yali Shao Jiankun He Xinguo Wang Youjia Zhao Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The 1931 MW7.8 Fuyun earthquake occurred around the altai mountains, an intracontinental deformation belt with limited active strain-rate accumulation. To explore whether seismic activity in this deformation belt was affected by stress interaction among different active faults, we calculate the Coulomb failure stress change（ΔCFS） induced by the Fuyun earthquake due to coseismic deformation of the elastic crust and postseismic viscoelastic relaxation of the lower crust and upper mantle. Numerical results show that the total ΔCFS at a 10-km depth produced by the Fuyun earthquake attains approximately 0.015-0.134 bar near the epicenter, and just before the occurrence of the 2003 MW7.2 Chuya earthquake, which distances about 400 km away from the Fuyun earthquake. Among the increased ΔCFS,viscoelastic relaxation from 1931 to 2003 contributes to approximately 0.014-0.131 bar, accounting for>90% of the total ΔCFS. More importantly, we find that for the recorded seismicity in the region with a radius of about 270 km to the Fuyun earthquake from 1970 to 2018, the percentage of earthquakes that fall in positive lobes of ΔCFS resolved on the NNW-SSE Fuyun strike-slip fault, on the NWW-SEE Irtysh strike-slip fault, and on the NW-SE Kurti reverse fault is up to 67.22%-91.36%. Therefore, the predictedΔCFS suggests that the impact of the 1931 MW7.8 Fuyun earthquake on seismic activity around the altai mountains is still significant as to hasten occurrence of the 2003 MW7.2 Chuya earthquake at a relatively far distance and to trigger its aftershocks in the near-field even after several decades of the mainshock.

关键词： altai mountains Fuyun earthquake Coulomb failure stress change Viscoelastic relaxation Seismic activity

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Vegetation dynamics and its response to climate change during the past 2000 years in the altai mountains,northwestern China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2022年第2期16卷 513-522页

作者： Dongliang ZHANG Yunpeng YANG Min RAN Bo LAN Hongyan ZHAO Qi LIU State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China College of Environment and Planning Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions(Ministry of Education) Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004China School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Chongqing Three Gorges UniversityChongqing 404000China School of Earth Science Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China College of Resource and Environmental Sciences Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China

Over the past 2000 years,a high-resolution pollen record from the Yushenkule Peat(46°45′-46°57′N,90°46′-90°61′E,2374 m a.s.l.)in the south-eastern altai mountains of northwestern China has been used to explore the changes in vegetation and climate.The regional vegetation has been dominated by alpine meadows revealed from pollen diagrams over the past 2000 years.The pollen-based climate was warm and wet during the Roman Warm Period(0-520 AD),cold and wet during the Dark Age Cold Period(520-900 AD),warm and wet during the Medieval Warm Period(900-1300 AD),and cold and dry during the Little Ice Age(1300-1850 AD).Combined with other pollen data from the altai mountains,we found that the percentage of arboreal pollen showed a reduced trend along the NW-SE gradient with decreasing moisture and increasing climatic continentality of the altai mountains over the past 2000 years;this is consistent with modern distributions of taiga forests.We also found that the taiga(Pinus forest)have spread slightly,while the steppe(Artemisia,Poaceae and Chenopodiaceae)have recovered significantly in the altai mountains over the past 2000 years.In addition,the relatively warm-wet climate may promote high grassland productivity and southward expansion of steppe,which favors the formation of Mongol political and military power.

关键词： pollen analysis vegetation dynamics past 2000 years altai mountains northwestern China

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Spatiotemporal variations in surface albedo during the ablation season and linkages with the annual mass balance on Muz Taw Glacier,altai mountains

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2022年第1期15卷 2126-2147页

作者： Xiaoying Yue Zhongqin Li Feiteng Wang Jun Zhao Huilin Li Changbin Bai State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouPeople’s Republic of China National Cryosphere Desert Data Center Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouPeople’s Republic of China College of Geography and Environmental Science Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhouPeople’s Republic of China

Melt-albedo feedback on glaciers is recognized as important processes for understanding glacier behavior and its sensitivity to climate change.This study selected the Muz Taw Glacier in the altai mountains to investigate the spatiotemporal variations in albedo and their linkages with mass balance,which will improve our knowledge of the recent acceleration of regional glacier shrinkage.Based on the Landsat-derived albedo,the spatial distribution of ablation-period albedo was characterized by a general increase with elevation,and significant east–west differences at the same elevation.The gap-filling MODIS values captured a nonsignificant negative trend of mean ablation-period albedo since 2000,with a total decrease of approximately 4.2%.From May to September,glacier-wide albedo exhibited pronounced V-shaped seasonal variability.A significant decrease in annual minimum albedo was found from 2000 to 2021,with the rate of approximately−0.30%yr−1 at the 99%confidence level.The bivariate relationship demonstrated that the change of ablation-period albedo explained 82%of the annual mass-balance variability.We applied the albedo method to estimate annual mass balance over the period 2000–2015.Combined with observed values,the average mass balance was−0.82±0.32 m w.***.yr−1 between 2000 and 2020,with accelerated mass loss.

关键词： Albedo spatiotemporal variation glacier mass balance remote sensing altai mountains

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A tale of elemental accumulation and recycling in the metamorphosed Keketale VMS-type Pb-Zn deposit,altai mountains

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第1期14卷 247-271页

作者： Chao Sun Huishan Zhang Xiaoyong Yang Wenhua Ji Bo Chen Yanguang Li Zengchan Dong Mohamed Faisal Mengqi Jin Xiaojian Zhao CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China MNR Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits Xi'an Center of Geological SurveyCGSXi'an 710054China Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics of Ministry of Natural Resources Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Chengdu Center of Geological Survey CGSChengdu 610081China Department of Geology Faculty of ScienceSuez Canal UniversityEl-Ismailia 41522Egypt

The elemental accumulation and recycling in the metamorphosed Keketale VMS-type Pb-Zn deposit of the altai mountains are presented in this study.Based on detailed fieldwork and microscopic observation,the formation of the deposit involved syngenetic massive sulfide mineralization and epigenetic superim-posed mineralization.Different generations of iron sulfides(i.e.,pyrite and pyrrhotite)with contrasting textural,elemental,and sulfur isotopic features were generated in primary mineralization(including hydrothermal iron sulfides,colloform pyrite)and secondary modification(including annealed iron sul-fides,oriented iron sulfides,and vein-pyrite).It is revealed that the spatial variation in textures and ele-ments of hydrothermal iron sulfides depends on the inhomogeneous fluid compositions and varied environment in VMS hydrothermal system.Both leached sulfur from the footwall volcanic rocks and reduced sulfur by the TSR process are regarded as important sulfur sources.Furthermore,large sulfur iso-topic fractionation and negativeδ^(34)S values were mainly caused by varied oxygen fugacity,and to a lesser extent,temperature fluctuation.The epigenetic polymetallic veins that contain sulfides and sulfosalts(e.g.,jordanite-geocronite,bournonite-seligmannite,boulangerite)were considered as the products of metamorphic fluid scavenged the metal-rich strata.All things considered,it is indicated that two epi-sodes of fluid with distinct origins were essential for the formation of the deposit.The predominant evolved seawater along with subordinate magmatic fluid mobilized metals from volcanic rocks and pre-cipitated massive sulfides near the seafloor are vital for primary mineralization.The metamorphic fluid remobilized metals(i.e.,FMEs:fluid mobile elements,e.g.,Pb,As,Sb)from neighboring volcanic and pyroclastic rocks and destabilized them within the fractured zone are responsible for secondary miner-alization,which enhances the economic value of the deposit.Accordingly,metal-rich Devonian strata had been successively swept by

关键词： Pyrite Trace element Sulfur isotope Keketale Pb-Zn deposit VMS deposit altai mountains

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地震反射剖面揭示阿尔泰山陆内逆冲造山机制

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Science Bulletin 2024年第11期69卷 1757-1766页

作者：张蕾赵连锋赵亮谢小碧田小波肖文交姚振兴 Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics University of California at Santa CruzCA 95064USA Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China

The altai orogen is a typical intracontinental orogen in Central Asia that experienced far-field deformation associated with Indian-Eurasian plate convergence. This region is characterized by uplift comparable to that of the Tianshan mountains but has a distinct strain rate. Half of the Indo-Asia strain is accommodated by the Tianshan mountains, whereas the altai mountains accommodates only 10%. To elucidate how the altai mountains produced such a large amount of uplift with only one-fifth of the strain rate of the Tianshan mountains, we constructed a detailed crustal image of the altai mountains based on a new 166.8-km deep seismic reflection profile. The prestack migration images reveal an antiform within the Erqis crust, an ~10 km Moho offset between the altai arc and the East Junggar area, and a major south-dipping(30° dip) thrust in the lower crust beneath the altai mountains, which is connected to the Moho offset. The south-dipping thrust not only records the southward subduction of the Ob-Zaisan Ocean in the Paleozoic but also controlled the altai deformation pattern in the Cenozoic with the Erqis antiform. The Erqis antiform prevented the extension of deformation to the Junggar crust. The southdipping thrust in the lower crust of the altai area caused extrusion of the lower crust, generating uplift at the surface, thickening of the crust, and steep(~10 km) Moho deepening in the altai mountains. This process significantly widened the deformation zone of the altai mountains. These findings provide a new geodynamic model for describing how inherited crustal structure controls intraplate deformation without strong horizontal stress.

关键词： altai mountains Deep seismic reflection profile Subduction-accretion process Intraplate deformation pattern

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Chemical Characteristics of Snow-Firn Pack in altai mountains and Its Environmental Significance

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Journal of Earth Science 2011年第4期22卷 482-489页

作者：王飞腾王林康剑寇福堂 State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences/Tianshan Glaciological Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Kanas National Nature Reserve

In order to study the chemical characteristics of snow-firn pack in altai mountains and its environmental significance, a 1.5-m deep snow-firn pack was dug in the accumulation zone （3 300 m a.s.I.） of the Kanas Glacier in August 2009. A total of 15 samples were analyzed for major ions. Results show that the concentrations of major ions in the snow-firn pack are NH4＋〉SO4 2-〉Ca2＋〉NO3＋〉 Na＋〉CI〉K＋〉Mg2＋. NH4＋ is the dominant cation with a medium value of 4.7 ueq-L-1, accounting for 39.8% of the total cations, and SO42- is the dominant anion, with a medium value of 4.0 ueq.L-I, which accounts for 33.9% of the total cations. Compared with Belukha Glacier （altai）, Urumqi Glacier No. 1, and the Inilchek Glacier （Tienshan）, there is a lower ion concentrations in the Kanas snow-firn pack. Potential sources of these chemical species are explored using correlation and empirical orthogonal function （EOF） analyses. The analyses indicate that major ion concentrations （except NH4＋） originate from crustal dust. Backward trajectory analysis was applied to get the origin of the air mass to Kanas Glacier. The results suggest that air pollutants emitted by forest fires in Siberia could be transported and influence the NH4＋, NO3, and SO42 concentrations on the Kanas Glacier.

关键词： Kanas Glacier snow-firn chemistry altai mountains backward trajectory forest fires.

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Impacts of landscape and climatic factors on snow cover in the altai mountains,China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2021年第1期12卷 95-107页

作者： ZHONG Xin-Yue ZHANG Tingjun SU Hang XIAO Xiong-Xin WANG Shu-Fa HU Yuan-Tao WANG Hui-Juan ZHENG Lei ZHANG Wei XU Min WANG Jian Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems(Ministiy of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan UniversityWuhan430072China School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhan430072China Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China Gansu Tianshui Power Supply Company Tianshui741000China School of Geospatial Engineering and Science Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China

Snow properties and their changes are crucial to better understanding of hydrological processes,soil thermal regimes,and surface energy balances.Reliable data and information on snow depth and snow water equivalent(SWE)are also crucial for water resource assessments and socio-economic development at local and regional scales.However,these data are extremely limited and unreliable in northern Xinjiang,China.This study thus aims to investigate spatial variations of snow depth,SWE,and snow density based on winter snowfield surveys during 2015 through 2017 in the altai mountains,northwestern China.The results indicated that snow depth(25-114 cm)and SWE(40-290 mm)were greater in the alpine Kanas-Hemu region,and shallow snow accumulated(9-42 cm for snow depth,26-106 mm for SWE)on the piedmont sloping plain.While there was no remarkable regional difference in the distribution of snow density.Snow property distributions were strongly controlled by topography and vegetation.Elevation and latitude were the most important factors affecting snow depth and SWE,while snow density was strongly affected by longitude across the altai mountains in China.The influence of topography on snow property distributions was spatially heterogenous.Mean snow depth increased from 13.7 to 31.2 cm and SWE from 28.5 to 79.9 mm,respectively,with elevation increased from 400 to 1000 m a.***.l.on the piedmont sloping plain.Snow depth decreased to about 15.1 cm and SWE to about 28.5 mm from 1000 to 1800 m a.s.l.,then again increased to about 98.1 cm and 271.7 mm on peaks(-2000 m a.s.l.)in the alpine Kanas-Hemu.Leeward slopes were easier to accumulate snow cover,especially on north-,east-,and southeast-facing slopes.Canopy interception was also the cause of the difference in snow distribution.Snow depth,SWE,and snow density in forests were reduced by 8%-53%,2%-67%and-4%to+48%,respectively,compared with surrounding open areas.Especially when snow depth was less than 40 cm,snow depth and SWE differences in forests were more exaggerated.This study provide

关键词： altai mountains Snow cover Topography Vegetation Climate factor

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Paleomagnetic and geochronological study of the Halaqiaola basalts,southern margin of the altai mountains,northern Xinjiang:Constraints on neotectonic convergent patterns north of Tibet

Paleomagnetic and geochronological study of the Halaqiaola b...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2006学术年会

作者： John D.A.Piper Geomagnetism Laboratory Department of Earth and Ocean SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK

A combined geochronological and paleomagnetic study is reported from Miocene basalts from Halaqiaola and Paleocene to Eocene red beds from Fuyun at the southern altai mountains,northern Xinjiang.Three new 40Ar/39Ar ages determined by fresh matrix from the Halaqiaola basalts collectively confirm the presence of Cenozoic magmatic activity in the northern Xinjiang.Alternating field and thermal demagnetization identify stable characteristic remanences with single reversed polarity in the basalts and red beds.Rock magnetic analysis identifies pseudosingle-domain titanomagnetites as carriers of remanence in the basalts.Paleomagnetic results from the Fuyun red beds indicate that inclination shallowing is present in this rock facies as also found in previous red bed studies from central Asia.In contrast,the time-averaged paleomagnetic direction from the basalts shows that no paleomagnetically discernible northward convergence has occurred north of Junggar since early Miocene times.Analysis of available Cretaceous and Cenozoic paleomagnetic data from volcanic rocks in central Asia shows that Neogene and Quaternary paleolatitudes are statistically concordant with predicted values from Eurasian references,suggesting that no significant northward convergence has occurred north of Tibet during the last 20 Myr.Cretaceous and Paleogene paleolatitudes lie -6±7°south of predicted values from the Eurasian path and suggest that neotectonic convergence of the order of several hundred kilometers has occurred north of the southwest Tian Shan.It is possible that neotectonic northward convergence north of Tibet will prove to be paleomagnetically undetectable, but more data are required to confirm this.

关键词： Paleomagnetism Halaqiaola basalts altai mountains Neotectonics north of Tibet

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阿尔泰早期游牧民族墓葬出土的中国古代漆器

阿尔泰早期游牧民族墓葬出土的中国古代漆器

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作者：阿列克谢·提什金张良仁俄罗斯国立阿尔泰大学南京大学

阿尔泰巴泽雷克时期(公元前6世纪下半叶至公元前2世纪)游牧民族"王"冢出土的中国古代器物,学者已经反复讨论过了。近十年来,在阿尔泰发掘的布朗-科巴文化乌斯季-埃季甘期的墓葬中,就发现了来自古代中国的器物。乌斯季-埃季甘期正是中亚... 详细信息

阿尔泰巴泽雷克时期(公元前6世纪下半叶至公元前2世纪)游牧民族"王"冢出土的中国古代器物,学者已经反复讨论过了。近十年来,在阿尔泰发掘的布朗-科巴文化乌斯季-埃季甘期的墓葬中,就发现了来自古代中国的器物。乌斯季-埃季甘期正是中亚匈奴国存在的时期,相当于中国的西汉时期。尽管俄罗斯学者认识到公元前1千纪后半期中国文明对戈尔诺-阿尔泰游牧民族文化的影响,但是还没有对其做全面的研究。

关键词： altai mountains early nomadic people Chinese lacquerwares

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阿尔泰山地区全新世植被和气候变化（英文）

阿尔泰山地区全新世植被和气候变化（英文）

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中国古生物学会第十二次全国会员代表大会暨第29届学术年...

作者：黄小忠彭卫 Natalia Rudaya Eric C.Grimm 陈雪梅曹现勇张军潘小多刘思丝陈春珠陈发虎 Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou University Kazan State University Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research Department of Periglacial Research Institute of Earth and Environmental Science University of Potsdam Department of Earth Sciences University of Minnesota Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Geographic Science Nantong University

A comprehensive understanding of the regional vegetation responses to long-term climate change will help forecast earth system dynamics.Based on a new well-dated pollen dataset from Kanas Lake and a review of published pollen records from in and around the altai mountains,the regional vegetation dynamics and forcing mechanisms are discussed.In the altai mountains,the forest optimum occurred during 10-7 ka for the upper forest zone and a tree line decline and/or ecological shifts were caused by climatic cooling from around 7 ka.In the lower forest zone,the forest reached an optimum in the middle Holocene,and then increased openness of the forest,possibly caused by both climatic cooling and human activities,occurred in the late Holocene.In the lower basins or plains around the altai mountains,the development of proto-grassland or forest benefited from increasing humidity in the middle to late Holocene.Key Points:A new pollen data set from a large deep lake was used to interpret the regional vegetation and climate of the southern altai mountains.The vegetation showed different long-term responses to climate change in and around the altai mountains.Vegetation dynamics and their impact on geophysical processes should be incorporated into coupled vegetation-climate models.

关键词： altai mountains Kanas Lake Holocene vegetation climate change

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